ABSTRACT
Tahiti lemon juice (Citrus latifolia) (TLJ), as a natural source of flavonoids, has been used as an alternative to anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of dysmenorrhea and menstrual excessive bleeding, often associated with an imbalance of the prostaglandins (PG) levels. However, despite the positive effects, the mechanisms that rule menstruation control are still unknown. Therefore, the objectives were to characterize the TLJ and analyze its effect on the production of PGF2α, PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines involved inmenstruation. Flavonoids from TLJ were discriminated by UPLC-DAD-MS/MS (Qq-TOF) and the effects of TLJ were studied in vitro by quantification of the contraction of myoblasts in culture and PGF2α and PGE2 productions. Further, the systemic and menstrual fluid levels of PGF2α, PGE2, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, AK1B1 and AK1C3 enzymes produced by women during the menstrual period were compared after exposition or not to TLJ or meloxicam. The results showed that TLJ induces an increase in the contraction of myoblasts and the PGF2α supernatant level. Regarding in vivo analysis, a higher concentration of PGF2α and an unaltered PGE2 level was also found in the menstrual blood of women treated with TLJ, in contrast with a lower level of PGE2 and PGF2α observed in the meloxicam group. Concerning cytokines, only menstrual TNF-α levels decrease after treatment with TLJ or meloxicam. In conclusion, TLJ may favor the control of menstruation events via a PGF2α mediated muscle contractile response.
Subject(s)
Citrus/chemistry , Cytokines/metabolism , Menstruation/drug effects , Menstruation/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dinoprost/metabolism , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Female , Humans , Inflammation/metabolism , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Mass Spectrometry , Mice , Myoblasts/drug effects , Myoblasts/metabolism , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução O uso de substâncias psicoativas vem aumentando entre mulheres em virtude de discriminação, frustrações e violação de direitos. Esse tema está na pauta do debate sobre a atual política brasileira de saúde mental e de saúde à mulher, imerso em tensões por causa das novas propostas de financiamento público. Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi o de descrever, na perspectiva da mulher usuária de substância psicoativa, quais características do cuidado em saúde no pré-natal são desejadas. Método Em atividade extensionista articulada ao programa formativo brasileiro PET-Redes de Atenção, desenvolveu-se este estudo exploratório e qualitativo com 19 mulheres usuárias de substâncias psicoativas por meio de questionário e entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados Os resultados revelaram dissonância entre o cuidado recebido e o desejado. Este último alinha-se à perspectiva dialógica e integral, como previsto no Sistema Único de Saúde. O relato das mulheres mostra a presença do estigma social, que é o desafio a ser enfrentado. Conclusão Avalia-se que o cuidado em saúde para gestantes em uso de substâncias psicoativas precisa assumir uma perspectiva dialógica, integral e multifacetada, assim como se faz premente o combate ao estigma social e a necessidade de novos estudos nessa temática.
Abstract Background The use of psychoactive substances has increased among women, surrounded by discrimination, frustrations, and violations of rights. This theme is on the debate agenda of the current policies on women's mental health in Brazil, immersed in tensions facing new public funding proposals. Objective The aim of this study was to describe, from the perspective of women users of psychoactive substances, the characteristics desired for prenatal care. Method In a university extension activity articulated to a Brazilian formative program called PET-Networks of Care, this exploratory, qualitative, field study was conducted with 19 women users of psychoactive substances through the application of a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Results The results revealed dissonance between the health cared received and the one expected. The latter is in line with a dialogical and integral perspective, as planned by the SUS. Women's reports show the presence of social stigma, which is a challenge to be faced. Conclusion The health care for pregnant women users of psychoactive substances needs to assume a dialogic, integral, and multifaceted perspective, and the fight against social stigma becomes urgent. Further studies in this area are suggested.
