General infection prevention, mitigation, and control procedures implemented in the university education during the COVID-19 pandemic to achieve classroom attendance: a successful community case study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic entailed confinement and elimination of face-to-face university classes in Spain. The Francisco de Vitoria University in Madrid (UFV by its Spanish acronym) implemented risk management systems to enable on-campus university activity to avoid a negative impact on students, teachers, and faculties. Methods: A tracking/registry system was implemented to collect data, identify COVID-19-related cases, implement containment measures, and do follow-up in the UFV community (administration/services personnel [ASP], teaching/research personnel [TRP], and students), from September 2020 to April 2022. In addition, a prevention plan was implemented on campus to avoid COVID-19 spreading. Satisfaction with these measures was assessed through an online questionnaire. Results: A total of 7,165 suspected COVID-19 cases (84.7% students, 7.7% ASP, 6.5% TRP) were tracked (62.5% female cases, mean age (±SD) 24.8 years (±9.2 years)), and 45% of them confirmed (82% symptomatic/16% asymptomatic), being the student group that with the highest percentage (38.3% total tracked cases). The source of infection was identified in 50.6% of the confirmed cases (90.2% located off-campus). Nineteen COVID-19 outbreaks were registered (inside-10/outside-9). COVID-19 incidence rates were similar or lower than those reported in the Community of Madrid, except in the last wave, corresponding to Omicron variant. The degree of satisfaction (scale 1-6) with the implemented measures was high (scores 4.48-5.44). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, UFV control measures, periodic monitoring, and the effectiveness of the tracking system have contributed to maintaining classroom teaching, guaranteeing health and safety. UFV has adapted to a new reality as an example of good practice for future pandemics or emergency situations.

Varicella and herpes zoster in Madrid, based on the Sentinel General Practitioner Network: 1997-2004.

BACKGROUND: Varicella (chickenpox) is the primary disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. It is extremely contagious and is frequent in children. Indeed, in the absence of vaccination, a high proportion of the population is liable to contract it. Herpes zoster -more frequent among adults- is caused by reactivation of the latent virus. The objective of this study is to describe the status of and time trend for varicella and herpes zoster in the Madrid Autonomous Region prior to the introduction of the vaccine to the general population. DATA SOURCE: individualised varicella and herpes zoster case records kept by the Madrid Autonomous Region Sentinel General Practitioner Network for the period 1997-2004. Cumulative incidences, crude and standardised incidence rates, and age-specific rates of varicella and herpes zoster were calculated for each year. Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate whether incidence displayed a time trend. Spectral density in the time series of weekly incidences was estimated using a periodogram. RESULTS: Standardised annual varicella incidence rates ranged from 742.5 (95% CI: 687.2-797.7) to 1239.6 (95% CI: 1164.5-1313.4) cases per 100 000 person-years. Most cases affected children, though complications were more frequent in adults. Varicella incidence displayed an annual periodicity but no trend over time. Most herpes zoster cases occurred at advanced ages, with incidence registering a rising annual trend but no seasonality factor. CONCLUSION: In the absence of vaccination, no significant changes in varicella incidence were in evidence recent years, though these were observed in the incidence of herpes zoster. Sentinel general practitioner networks are a valid instrument for surveillance of diseases such as varicella. Further varicella vaccination-coverage and vaccine-efficacy studies are called for.

Conductas sexuales de riesgo y prevalencia de infección por vih en hombres con prácticas homosexuales y bisexuales en la Comunidad de Madrid / High-risk sexual behavior and HIV prevalence among gay and bisexual men in the community of Madrid

Fundamento: Analizar las conductas sexuales de riesgo para la infección por VIH, el uso de medidas de prevención y la prevalencia autoinformada de infección por VIH en varones asociados a una de las principales asociaciones de homosexuales de la Comunidad de Madrid. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado durante 1997-1998, mediante un cuestionario anónimo remitido por correo. Se analizan las características sociodemográficas, la frecuencia de uso del preservativo en las distintas prácticas sexuales con la pareja estable y con las ocasionales, la prevalencia autoinformada de VIH y otros aspectos relacionados. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 157 cuestionarios de varones homosexuales y bisexuales. Su edad media fue de 32 años y el 85 por ciento tenía estudios medios o superiores. En los últimos 3 meses: el 56 por ciento tuvo relaciones con más de un hombre; el 70,6 por ciento practicó la penetración anal insertiva con pareja estable y el 57,4 por ciento con contactos ocasionales, de los que sólo el 32,5 por ciento y el 61,1 por ciento respectivamente utilizaron siempre el preservativo. La penetración anal receptiva la realizaron el 69,7 por ciento con pareja estable y el 39,4 por ciento con contactos ocasionales, utilizando siempre el preservativo el 32,5 por ciento y el 78,4 por ciento respectivamente. El 86,6 por ciento tuvieron relaciones oro-genitales y menos del 10 por ciento utilizaron siempre el preservativo. 137 hombres conocían su estado serológico y el 15,2 por ciento resultó VIH positivo. El 10,2 por ciento padeció alguna ETS durante el último año. Conclusiones: Un importante porcentaje de entrevistados mantiene prácticas de riesgo (varias parejas y relaciones sexuales de alto riesgo sin protección) que, asociado a una prevalencia de infección elevada, puede traducirse en una importante tasa de seroconversión (AU)

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