ABSTRACT
Hypothyroid rats show alterations in the mobility of sperm recovered from their epididymides. The AgNOR technique, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate changes in epithelial cells from epididymides of rats treated with (131)I. Counting of NORs did not permit detection of changes in the proliferative capacity of epididymides of hypothyroid animals. Transmission electron microscopy revealed changes in the mitochondria of hypothyroid rats that probably are associated with incipient apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Epididymis/ultrastructure , Hypothyroidism/pathology , Mitochondria/ultrastructure , Actins/metabolism , Animals , Antigens, Nuclear/metabolism , Apoptosis , Disease Models, Animal , Epididymis/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/ultrastructure , Hypothyroidism/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Mitochondria/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolismABSTRACT
It has been shown that infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) is related to the development of cervical cancer. The persistence of the virus in intra-epithelial lesions of cervix uteri (SILs) is the basis for the application of HPV testing for screening and management of patients. Most infections by HR-HPVs resolve spontaneously, however, and do not progress to dysplasia or cancer. p16INK4a is a useful biomarker of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and could be a marker for the progression of low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSILs) to high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSILs), because it correlates independently with increasing SIL grade. We conducted a preliminary histological study of 28 patients diagnosed with LSIL, HSIL or nondysplastic epithelium (NDE) from whom 28 biopsies of uterine cervix and 28 endocervical brushed biopsies were taken. Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) and p16INK4a assays were performed on the biopsies, and endocervical brushings were used for HPV typing. The high risk HPV group showed that the number of patients with AgNOR areas greater than 3.3 µm(2) and with expression of p16INK4a were statistically greater than the number of lower risk patients. None of the biopsies of LR-HPV carriers expressed p16 and AgNOR areas> 3.3 µm(2) simultaneously. Four LSILs and the NDE of this group expressed neither of the two markers. If the correlation between AgNOR areas and p16INK4a is good, we may be able to develop a low cost simple technology for studying patients infected with HR-HPV and diagnosed with LSIL of uncertain behavior.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Nuclear/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism , Papillomaviridae/physiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry/economics , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The main purpose for studying cytological body fluids is confirmation of a benign or malignant effusion. Our cytology laboratory analyzes body fluids and results are requested urgently. The samples are stained by the Giemsa and Papanicolaou methods to give a preliminary report, then they are examined by other complementary techniques. Three hundred thirty samples of pleural and peritoneal fluids were studied to compare the sensitivity of Papanicolaou and Giemsa stains. AgNOR assay, immunocytochemistry and assessment of ploidy were used to improve the sensitivity of the cytodiagnosis. Two hundred one samples were positive, 84 negative and 45 inconclusive using the Papanicolaou stain, while 135 samples were positive, 72 negative and 123 inconclusive using Giemsa stain. The sensitivity was 79%, 53% and 83% for Papanicolaou, Giemsa, and both techniques together, respectively. Using complementary techniques, the sensitivity reached 95% for AgNOR, 87% for tumor markers (panel), and 92% for Ploidy. There were no false positive in our series; therefore specificity was 100%. The use of both Papanicolaou and Giemsa in conjunction increased the sensitivity of the cytodiagnosis in body fluids. The complementary methods, especially AgNOR assay and assessment of ploidy, diminished the number of inconclusive cases.
Subject(s)
Azure Stains/chemistry , Body Fluids/cytology , Cytodiagnosis/methods , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Staining and Labeling/methods , Aged , Antigens, Nuclear/analysis , Body Fluids/chemistry , Female , Humans , Ploidies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to investigate, using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscope, the effect of hypothyroidism on the ultrastructure of the rat epididymis. Thyroidectomy was obtained by ip injection of 270 microCi of (131)I per rat. One month later, several portions of cauda epididymis were examined. Morphological differences were detected in the epididymis of the hypothyroid animals when compared to the control normal rats. The hypothyroid conditions were associated with important changes in the epididymis. The light observations showed cells with clearing of the chromatin and increased density and thickness of the chromatic rim, chromatinic net, and disappearance of the segment of the chromatin rim. In the scanning electron microscope broken, oblique, denuded epithelial cells with loss of stereocilia were observed, as well as flattening of the tubule. The hypothyroid condition under transmission electron microscope was associated with a decrease in the height of the cells, diminution of the internal lumen and number of mitoses, and decreased chromatin decondensation. Results obtained confirmed that hypothyroidism causes marked structural changes in the ductus epididymis and could adversely affect the maturation and motility of sperm.
