ABSTRACT
Although organic species are transported and efficiently transformed in clouds, more than 60% of this organic matter remains unspeciated. Using GCxGC-HRMS technique we were able to detect and identify over 100 semi-volatile compounds in 3 cloud samples collected at the PUY station (puy de Dôme mountain, France) while they were present at low concentrations in a very small sample volume (<25â¯mL of cloud water). The vast majority (â¼90%) of the detected compounds was oxygenated, while the absence of halogenated organic compounds should be specially mentioned. This could reflect both the oxidation processes in the atmosphere (gas and water phase) but also the need of the compounds to be soluble enough to be transferred and dissolved in the cloud droplets. Furans, esters, ketones, amides and pyridines represent the major classes of compounds demonstrating a large variety of potential pollutants. Beside these compounds, priority pollutants from the US EPA list were identified and quantified. We found phenols (phenol, benzyl alcohol, p-cresole, 4-ethylphenol, 3,4-dimethylphenol, 4-nitrophenol) and dialkylphthalates (dimethylphthalate, diethylphthalate, di-n-butylphthalate, bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, butylbenzylphthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate). In general, the concentrations of phthalates (from 0.09 to 52⯵gâ¯L-1) were much higher than those of phenols (from 0.03 to 0.74⯵gâ¯L-1). To our knowledge phthalates in clouds are described here for the first time. We investigated the variability of phenols and phthalates concentrations with cloud air mass origins (marine vs continental) and seasons (winter vs summer). Although both factors seem to have an influence, it is difficult to deduce general trends; further work should be conducted on large series of cloud samples collected in different geographic areas and at different seasons.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Dibutyl Phthalate/analysis , France , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Phenols/analysis , Phthalic Acids/analysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify pre or intraoperative risk factors that could indicate a higher risk for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in children undergoing electrocautery dissection. SET-UP: Primary referral hospital. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 163 post-tonsillectomy children comparing 7 cases of PTH with 156 cases with no PTH. SAMPLE: This study includes children under the age of 18 that underwent tonsillectomy by dissection between 1997 and 2000. OUTCOME PARAMETERS: Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, platelet count activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, ASA index (physical state classification of the American Society of Anesthesiology) and type of hemostasis. RESULTS: Prevalence of PTH was 4.29% in the cohort sample. The risk of PTH in children following tonsillectomy by electrodissection is significantly increased in patients over 15 years of age (OR = 8.46, p = 0.04) and when ligatures are used for hemostasis (OR = 8.62, p = 0.02). Activated partial thromboplastin time > or = 32 seconds is marginally significant (OR = 7.82, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that tonsillectomy by electrodissection has an increased risk of bleeding in older children and when ligatures are used for hemostasis.
Subject(s)
Electrocoagulation/methods , Postoperative Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Tonsillectomy/methods , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo:Identificar factores o marcadores pre o intraoperatorios que podrían indicar un riesgo mayor de hemorragia post-amigdalectomía (HPA) en niños operados mediante electrodisección. Ámbito: Hospital de primer nivel. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de 163 niños amigdalectomizados, comparándose 7 casos de HPA frente a 156 amigdalectomizados sin HPA. Individuos: Niños menores de 18 años amigdalectomizados mediante electrodisección entre 1997 y 2000 fueron incluidos en el estudio. Principales medidas de resultados: edad, sexo, talla, peso, índice de masa corporal, hemoglobina, hematocrito, plaquetas, tiempo parcial de tromboplastina activada (TPTA), actividad de protrombina, fibrinógeno, ASA (clasificación del estado físico según la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología) y técnica hemostática. Resultados: La prevalencia de HPA fue del 4,29 por ciento. El riesgo de HPA en niños intervenidos mediante electrodisección se encuentra incrementado significativamente en aquellos edad superior a 15 años (OR= 8,46, p= 0,05) y si la hemostasia precisa ligaduras (OR= 8,62, p= 0,02). El TPTA 32 s resulta marginalmente significativo (OR= 7,82, p =0,05). Conclusiones: La amigdalectomía mediante electrodisección presenta mayor riesgo de sangrado en los niños mayores y si se emplean ligaduras hemostáticas (AU)
OBJECTIVE: To identify pre or intraoperative risk factors that could indicate a higher risk for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in children undergoing electrocautery dissection. SET-UP: Primary referral hospital. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 163 post-tonsillectomy children comparing 7 cases of PTH with 156 cases with no PTH. SAMPLE: This study includes children under the age of 18 that underwent tonsillectomy by dissection between 1997 and 2000. OUTCOME PARAMETERS: Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, platelet count activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, ASA index (physical state classification of the American Society of Anesthesiology) and type of hemostasis. RESULTS: Prevalence of PTH was 4.29% in the cohort sample. The risk of PTH in children following tonsillectomy by electrodissection is significantly increased in patients over 15 years of age (OR = 8.46, p = 0.04) and when ligatures are used for hemostasis (OR = 8.62, p = 0.02). Activated partial thromboplastin time > or = 32 seconds is marginally significant (OR = 7.82, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that tonsillectomy by electrodissection has an increased risk of bleeding in older children and when ligatures are used for hemostasis (AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Male , Female , Humans , Tonsillectomy/methods , Postoperative Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Electrocoagulation/methods , Risk Factors , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
El vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) es una enfermedad crónica recurrente y la discapacidad asociada es habitualmente subestimada. El objetivo de este estudio es la determinación del impacto que representa el tratamiento mediante maniobra de Epley en la calidad de vida relacionada con el VPPB a corto plazo. Cuarenta y dos pacientes con VPPB fueron incluidos: 39 con afectación del canal posterior, 2 con el canal lateral y uno con el canal anterior. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante historia clínica compatible y test de Dix- Hallpike (TDH) en los casos del canal posterior. Aquellos con TDH positivo fueron tratados con maniobra de Epley única el mismo día, recomendando evitar el decúbito durante las siguientes 48 horas. Se investigó la recurrencia del VPPB así como la eficacia del tratamiento mediante TDH a los 30 días. La calidad de vida asociada al VPPB fue evaluada mediante el cuestionario 'Dizzness Handicap Inventory' abreviado (DHI-S) adaptado al castellano en los días 1 y 30 post-tratamiento. Las puntuaciones totales y parciales en las subescalas emocional, física y funcional fueron comparadas mediante el test de Wilcoxon para muestras apareadas. El TDH resultó positivo en el 59 por ciento de los pacientes (23/39), no precisando tratamiento el 41 por ciento de los casos. De los 23 pacientes tratados con maniobra de Epley, el TDH fue negativo en el 90 por ciento en la valoración realizada a los 30 días. La media y desviación estándar de las puntuaciones totales obtenidas en el DHI-S en el día 1 fueron 19,22 ñ 9,66 para los individuos con TDH positivo y 19,79 ñ 10,14 para todos (TDH positivo y negativo). Estos valores disminuyeron de forma significativa hasta 10,84 ñ 10,99 a los 30 días después del tratamiento (p= 0,002 y p=0,001, respectivamente). En conclusión, el DHI-S resulta un instrumento de medida de la salud relacionada con el VPPB adecuado, que permite evaluar la respuesta a su tratamiento (AU)
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a recurrent chronic disease and its handicap is usually underestimated. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the treatment by Epley maneuver on short-term BPPV-related quality of life. Forty-two individuals with BPPV were included: 39 with posterior canal affected, 2 with the lateral canal and one with the anterior canal. Diagnosis was established if a consistent clinical history was found and Dix-Hallpike test (DHT) in cases with canal posterior involvement. Subjects with positive DHT were treated by a single Epley maneuver and were recommended to avoid supine for the next 48 hours. The BPPV relapses were investigated at 7th and 30th day post-treatment. BPPV-associated quality of life was evaluated by the Dizzness Handicap Inventory Short-form (DHI-S) at days 1st and 30th post-treatment. Total and partial scores for emotional, physical and functional subscales were compared by Wilcoxon test for paired samples. Dix-Hallpike test was found positive in el 59% individuals (23/39), and 41% cases did not required any treatment. Among 23 patients treated with Epley maneuver, DHT was found negative in 90% at 30th day follow-up. Mean and standard deviation of the total scores obtained in the DHI-S at the first day were 19.22 +/- 9.66 in the DHT positive-patients and 19.79 +/- 10.14 in the whole group (DHT positive or negative). These scores significantly decreased to 10.84 +/- 10.99 at 30 days post-treatment (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the DHI-S is a specific health questionnaire able to assess BPPV-related health and the effectiveness of treatment (AU)
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vertigo/therapy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a recurrent chronic disease and its handicap is usually underestimated. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the treatment by Epley maneuver on short-term BPPV-related quality of life. Forty-two individuals with BPPV were included: 39 with posterior canal affected, 2 with the lateral canal and one with the anterior canal. Diagnosis was established if a consistent clinical history was found and Dix-Hallpike test (DHT) in cases with canal posterior involvement. Subjects with positive DHT were treated by a single Epley maneuver and were recommended to avoid supine for the next 48 hours. The BPPV relapses were investigated at 7th and 30th day post-treatment. BPPV-associated quality of life was evaluated by the Dizzness Handicap Inventory Short-form (DHI-S) at days 1st and 30th post-treatment. Total and partial scores for emotional, physical and functional subscales were compared by Wilcoxon test for paired samples. Dix-Hallpike test was found positive in el 59% individuals (23/39), and 41% cases did not required any treatment. Among 23 patients treated with Epley maneuver, DHT was found negative in 90% at 30th day follow-up. Mean and standard deviation of the total scores obtained in the DHI-S at the first day were 19.22 +/- 9.66 in the DHT positive-patients and 19.79 +/- 10.14 in the whole group (DHT positive or negative). These scores significantly decreased to 10.84 +/- 10.99 at 30 days post-treatment (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the DHI-S is a specific health questionnaire able to assess BPPV-related health and the effectiveness of treatment.
Subject(s)
Surveys and Questionnaires , Vertigo/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Enantiomeric analysis and empirical determination of the absolute configuration of amines and amino acids can be easily performed using acetyl-d(3) chloride as a nonchiral derivatizing agent (deuterium probe) and deuterium NMR in a chiral solvent (Courtieu's method). In the case of amino acids, derivatization to amido esters, performed with methanol-d(4) and acetyl-d(3) chloride, gives a double opportunity for enantiomeric analysis.