Recycling of hazardous waste materials in the coking process.

Every year the coking industry produces a significant amount of tarry and other wastes in byproducts plants. For the most part these wastes have not been put to any practical use. In addition, an integrated factory produces several waste oils which differ in composition and quantity, e.g., wastes from the steel rolling-mill process. In this work, the possibility of using such waste materials as binders in a partial briquetting process for metallurgical coke production is explored. By means of this coking procedure, a strong metallurgical coke not inferior in quality to coke from conventional coal blends is produced at pilot and semi-industrial scales. The use of such wastes, some of which are classified as hazardous materials, will avoid the need for dumping, thereby contributing to the protection of the environment as well as reducing the costs related to waste disposal.

Trombosis aguda carotídea en el traumatismo penetrante: es necesaria la revascularización en el paciente sin déficit neurológico central? / Acute carotid thrombosis in penetrating traumatism: is revascularization necessary in the patient without central neurological deficit?

INTRODUCTION: Carotid lesions require priority in both evaluation and treatment due to their high morbidity and mortality. Controversy about therapeutic behavior in these patients with or without central neurological deficit is still under in discussion. OBJECTIVES: To present a patient with acute carotid thrombosis due to a shotgun wound and discuss its therapeutic behavior. SETTING: Hospital de Urgencias in Córdoba city. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 15-year-old male patient is presented with a point-blank shotgun wound in the soft parts of the left cervical region, and a left carotid thrombosis with no central neurological deficit. RESULTS: Wound toilette and carotid revascularization by means of resection and venous by-pass with external carotid ligature was performed. The procedure was finished by delaging for plastic reconstruction of the cervical injury. Carotid postoperative angiographic control showed good permeability with no carotid flow alteration. CONCLUSION: Penetrating carotid injuries should be resolved, if technically possible, with revascularization of the carotid sector. This procedure has to be aborted if the patient is in coma or the lesion is difficult to repair, in such a case ligature should be carried out.

Trombosis aguda carotídea en el traumatismo penetrante: es necesaria la revascularización en el paciente sin déficit neurológico central? / Acute carotid thrombosis in penetrating traumatism: is revascularization necessary in the patient without central neurological deficit?

INTRODUCTION: Carotid lesions require priority in both evaluation and treatment due to their high morbidity and mortality. Controversy about therapeutic behavior in these patients with or without central neurological deficit is still under in discussion. OBJECTIVES: To present a patient with acute carotid thrombosis due to a shotgun wound and discuss its therapeutic behavior. SETTING: Hospital de Urgencias in Córdoba city. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 15-year-old male patient is presented with a point-blank shotgun wound in the soft parts of the left cervical region, and a left carotid thrombosis with no central neurological deficit. RESULTS: Wound toilette and carotid revascularization by means of resection and venous by-pass with external carotid ligature was performed. The procedure was finished by delaging for plastic reconstruction of the cervical injury. Carotid postoperative angiographic control showed good permeability with no carotid flow alteration. CONCLUSION: Penetrating carotid injuries should be resolved, if technically possible, with revascularization of the carotid sector. This procedure has to be aborted if the patient is in coma or the lesion is difficult to repair, in such a case ligature should be carried out. (AU)

[Eco-guided fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Algorithm diagnosis]. / Punción aspiración ecoguiada con aguja fina de tiroides (PAEAFT). Algoritmo diagnostico.

Fine needle aspiration (PAAF) of thyroid it has demonstrated to be highly sensitive and specific to establish a diagnosis and to implement the corresponding treatment, these qualities are increased when the guide ecográfica is used: fine needle aspiration of thyroid with ultrasonography guide (PAEAFT). 139 cases of PAEAFT are presented of whose material was carried out extended conventional and thin according to specific technique and they were colored with Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E)--Tint 15 (DIFF-QUIK) and Papanicolaou; analyzing their distribution for sex, age, topography, characteristic of nodules and cytologic diagnoses. The presumptive diagnoses corresponded to: Multinodular Goiter (21.58%)--Hashimoto's thyroiditis (2.87%)--Follicular neoplasm: Under degree (I-II): (57.57%), High degree (III): 2.15%--Hürthle cell tumors (2.87%)--Papilary carcinoma (4.32%). The prevalence corresponded to the female sex (93.52%). The pursuit of the patients was carried out based on the proposed algorithm, modified of that of Gharib, 1997.

Punción aspiración ecoguiada con aguja fina de tiroides (PAEAFT). Algoritmo diagnostico. / [Eco-guided fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Algorithm diagnosis]

Fine needle aspiration (PAAF) of thyroid it has demonstrated to be highly sensitive and specific to establish a diagnosis and to implement the corresponding treatment, these qualities are increased when the guide ecográfica is used: fine needle aspiration of thyroid with ultrasonography guide (PAEAFT). 139 cases of PAEAFT are presented of whose material was carried out extended conventional and thin according to specific technique and they were colored with Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E)--Tint 15 (DIFF-QUIK) and Papanicolaou; analyzing their distribution for sex, age, topography, characteristic of nodules and cytologic diagnoses. The presumptive diagnoses corresponded to: Multinodular Goiter (21.58

)--Hashimotos thyroiditis (2.87

)--Follicular neoplasm: Under degree (I-II): (57.57

), High degree (III): 2.15

--H³rthle cell tumors (2.87

)--Papilary carcinoma (4.32

). The prevalence corresponded to the female sex (93.52

). The pursuit of the patients was carried out based on the proposed algorithm, modified of that of Gharib, 1997.

[Severe acute pancreatitis. Clinical and therapeutic contribution of diagnostic imaging]. / Pancreatitis aguda severa. Aporte clínico y terapéutico del diagnóstico por imágenes.

Ultrasonography and dynamic tomography are used in the study of acute pancreatitis, thus helping to interpret the diverse anatomophysiopathologic variables. We present 41 patients studied by ultrasonography, on admission and twenty-four hours later or more. After seventy-two hours, a dynamic tomography was performed. We did a clinicotomographic correlation assessing necrosis, and multiple Ranson criteria, being complemented with the anatomopathologic study of specimens both in the complications and in the elective biliary surgery. There were three puncture aspirates for bacteriology. Eight (19.5%) patients developed local complications and four (9.75%) presented organ failure. Ultrasonography showed biliopancreatic hypertension in 45% of cases of biliary pancreatitis and was reversible in nature. Dynamic tomography was important in defining morphology and pancreatic necrotic involvement. There were two patients with intrapancreatic necrosis, six with intra and extrapancreatic necrosis and eleven patients who presents a dissemination of the process into the extrapancreatic tissues. The prevalence of glandular necrosis was 24%. Both, ultrasonography and dynamic tomography allowed to the identify a spectrum of lesions representative of cavitated extrapancreatic necrosis and enzymatic pericholecystitis. Likewise, they contributed to define medical treatment as well as indications, opportunities and approaches in the surgical and/or percutaneous treatment of septic complications.

Pancreatitis aguda severa. Aporte clínico y terapéutico del diagnóstico por imágenes. / [Severe acute pancreatitis. Clinical and therapeutic contribution of diagnostic imaging]

Ultrasonography and dynamic tomography are used in the study of acute pancreatitis, thus helping to interpret the diverse anatomophysiopathologic variables. We present 41 patients studied by ultrasonography, on admission and twenty-four hours later or more. After seventy-two hours, a dynamic tomography was performed. We did a clinicotomographic correlation assessing necrosis, and multiple Ranson criteria, being complemented with the anatomopathologic study of specimens both in the complications and in the elective biliary surgery. There were three puncture aspirates for bacteriology. Eight (19.5

) patients developed local complications and four (9.75

) presented organ failure. Ultrasonography showed biliopancreatic hypertension in 45

of cases of biliary pancreatitis and was reversible in nature. Dynamic tomography was important in defining morphology and pancreatic necrotic involvement. There were two patients with intrapancreatic necrosis, six with intra and extrapancreatic necrosis and eleven patients who presents a dissemination of the process into the extrapancreatic tissues. The prevalence of glandular necrosis was 24

. Both, ultrasonography and dynamic tomography allowed to the identify a spectrum of lesions representative of cavitated extrapancreatic necrosis and enzymatic pericholecystitis. Likewise, they contributed to define medical treatment as well as indications, opportunities and approaches in the surgical and/or percutaneous treatment of septic complications.

The utility of percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions

A pulmonary lesion usually poses a diagnostic problem requiring a swift solution. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (NAB) technique yields a high percentage of correct diagnosis. However, this procedure is often underestimated and its indication vaguely known. Experience with 185 NAB in 175 patients is reviewed. One hundred and ten procedures were performed in hospitalized patients and 75 in an outpatient setting. Forty-four percent of cases in the whole series have had a previous negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy examination (FOB). Sixty-five percent were peripheral solitary pulmonary nodules, 54 percent of which were less than 2 cm lesions. The majority of NAB were performed under imaging guidance utilizing 20-23 gauge Chiba needles. High resolution fluoroscopic guidance was employed in 86 percent of cases, Computed Tomography (CT) in 11 percent and Ultrasonography in 3 percent. Specific cytologic diagnosis were obtained in 87 percent of the procedures done in hospitalized patients and 86.3 percent in ambulatory cases. In both groups, a 69 percent of neoplastic lesions were obttained. Post-biopsy pneumothorax was detected in 15 percent in each series. Only 3 patients in the whole series required the placement of a chest tube. To date, no needle tract seeding has been observed. A 9.3 percent and 10 percent of false negative results were recorded in both series, respectively. In this report, the complication rate is low and showed no statistical significant differences between the hospitalized and the outpatient groups. The latter resulted in less operative costs. Besides, TC guidance increases about 80 percent the operative expenses without offering a significant diagnostic yield. We conclude that NAB under fluoroscopic guidance in an outpatient basis is a reliable, safe, expeditious and cost effective diagnostic tool in small peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Nuestra experiencia en 4 casos de linfoma colónico / Malignaut lymphoma of the colon and rectum: 4 cases

Recogemos, en nuestra experiencia de tres años en el CEDIG, cuatro linfomas colónicos; tres de ellos en su expresión de linfoma multinodular de colon y uno de linfoma con afectación rectal. Dos casos de linfoma multinodular de colon y el rectal, fueron primarios. Los hallazgos característicos del linfoma multinodular fueron: 1) Nódulos submucosos, sésiles, de suave angulación con la pared, superficie lisa, sin erosiones ni umbilicación, con moderada indentación de sus bases en la observación tangencial, de variado tamaño, con un promedio de 8mm; con afectación de la totalidad del colon en dos de los tres casos, y sin pérdida de la distensibilidad parietal. 2) Masa cecal vegetante, mayor de 4cm, única, de superficie lisa, lobulada, con base amplia, sin ulceración mucosa, y ubicada sobre el borde mesentérico. Los linfomas localizados en ampolla rectal presentaron una imagen vegetante, grande, lobulada, de afectación circunferencial y cercana al esfínter anal. En el diagnóstico diferencial se incluyó: poliposis colónica, enfermedades inflamatorias, hiperplasia linfoidea, colitis pseudo membranosa, adenocarcinoma y SIDA

Nuestra experiencia en 4 casos de linfoma colónico / Malignaut lymphoma of the colon and rectum: 4 cases

Recogemos, en nuestra experiencia de tres años en el CEDIG, cuatro linfomas colónicos; tres de ellos en su expresión de linfoma multinodular de colon y uno de linfoma con afectación rectal. Dos casos de linfoma multinodular de colon y el rectal, fueron primarios. Los hallazgos característicos del linfoma multinodular fueron: 1) Nódulos submucosos, sésiles, de suave angulación con la pared, superficie lisa, sin erosiones ni umbilicación, con moderada indentación de sus bases en la observación tangencial, de variado tamaño, con un promedio de 8mm; con afectación de la totalidad del colon en dos de los tres casos, y sin pérdida de la distensibilidad parietal. 2) Masa cecal vegetante, mayor de 4cm, única, de superficie lisa, lobulada, con base amplia, sin ulceración mucosa, y ubicada sobre el borde mesentérico. Los linfomas localizados en ampolla rectal presentaron una imagen vegetante, grande, lobulada, de afectación circunferencial y cercana al esfínter anal. En el diagnóstico diferencial se incluyó: poliposis colónica, enfermedades inflamatorias, hiperplasia linfoidea, colitis pseudo membranosa, adenocarcinoma y SIDA

Duplicacion intestinal: informe de dos casos / Intestinal duplication: report of 2 cases

Las duplicaciones intestinales son infrecuentes y resultan de fallos embriológicos en la canalización normal del tubo digestivo. Este trabajo presenta un caso de duplicación intestinal en el ileon y su diagnóstico diferencial con el Divertículo de Meckel. A continuación se presenta un caso de duplicación de recto en un paciente de edad asintomático

Duplicacion intestinal: informe de dos casos / Intestinal duplication: report of 2 cases

Las duplicaciones intestinales son infrecuentes y resultan de fallos embriológicos en la canalización normal del tubo digestivo. Este trabajo presenta un caso de duplicación intestinal en el ileon y su diagnóstico diferencial con el Divertículo de Meckel. A continuación se presenta un caso de duplicación de recto en un paciente de edad asintomático (AU)

[Intestinal duplication. Report of 2 cases]. / Duplicación intestinal. Informe de dos casos.

Intestinal duplications are rare and they result from embryological failures in the canalization of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper presents a case of ileal intestinal duplication and its differential diagnosis from Meckel's diverticulum. Besides, a case of rectal duplication in an asymptomatic elder patient is presented.

Duplicación intestinal. Informe de dos casos. / [Intestinal duplication. Report of 2 cases]

Intestinal duplications are rare and they result from embryological failures in the canalization of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper presents a case of ileal intestinal duplication and its differential diagnosis from Meckels diverticulum. Besides, a case of rectal duplication in an asymptomatic elder patient is presented.

Duplicación intestinal. Informe de dos casos. / [Intestinal duplication. Report of 2 cases]

Intestinal duplications are rare and they result from embryological failures in the canalization of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper presents a case of ileal intestinal duplication and its differential diagnosis from Meckels diverticulum. Besides, a case of rectal duplication in an asymptomatic elder patient is presented.

[Mutagenic evaluation of the urine of rats treated with oils implicated in the toxic oil syndrome using bacterial tests]. / Evaluación mutagénica de orina de ratas tratadas con aceites implicados en el síndrome tóxico mediante ensayos bacterianos.

The mutagenic activity of the urine of pregnant rats treated with toxic oil syndrome-related rape seed oil or with edible oil was evaluated by means of the Ames and Green tests. It was found that the urine of the pregnant rats treated with "Jen" oil, that was related to the toxic oil syndrome, was mutagenic.

[Predictive value of short-term assays of chemical carcinogenesis]. / Valor predictivo de los ensayos de corta duración sobre carcinogénesis química.

Many agents of our surroundings are mutagenic, and a significant number of the mutagenic agents are carcinogenic. It is then useful to evaluate the short-term screening test allowing to predict the carcinogenic effect of chemicals. The authors make a summary about the predictive value of the existing assays, and write about the need of the systematic use of a convenient battery of tests to detect carcinogenicity in every product to which the human being may be exposed.