Using Collaborative Partnerships to Engage Firefighters in Rural Communities.

The purpose of this study was to utilize community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods to identify behaviors that may increase the exposure rates of firefighters to carcinogens and other occupational hazards. Key informant interviews and focus groups were conducted as part of a larger study that included exposure assessments at fire stations, in fire engines, and in personal vehicles. A purposive sample of five fire chiefs and leaders of the firefighter association was chosen, and these individuals were selected to participate in interviews. Unstructured interviews explored issues related to firefighter exposures and occupational hazards. Three focus groups were conducted over a three-month period. Following the focus groups, survey questions emphasizing the following three aspects of firefighting were developed: exposure to airborne smoke contaminants during fire suppression, accumulated exposure on turnout gear after fire suppression, and exposure to airborne contaminants at the fire departments. The use of community-based participatory research can be very beneficial, especially when conducting research with a group that may be hard to reach or have misgivings regarding researchers. By utilizing this approach in the current study, researchers were able to partner with a community that may be hard to reach and gain buy-in from community leadership.

Examining Behaviors Related to Retirement, Cleaning, and Storage of Turnout Gear Among Rural Firefighters.

Background: Although the increased occupational exposures among career firefighters are well documented, there are gaps in research related to exposures among volunteer firefighters. This study was completed in a state where the majority of firefighters are volunteers. We aimed to examine if differences existed in career versus volunteer firefighters' behaviors related to the retirement, cleaning, and storage of turnout gear which may increase occupational exposures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to a convenience sample of 300 firefighters during a training event for both volunteer and career firefighters from one fire district in Kentucky. We measured factors that may affect behaviors related to retirement, cleaning, and storage of turnout gear, such as age of turnout gear at retirement, frequency of cleaning, and location of storage. Results: Two hundred and seventy-five firefighters out of 300 invited participants completed the survey, for a response rate of 92%. The majority of the participants were compliant with National Fire Protection Association Standards with most reporting cleaning their gear as needed, storing gear at the fire station, and retiring gear within 10 years of the manufactured date. Most of the participants (88%) were concerned about job-related exposures and felt susceptible to diseases like cancer and respiratory illness. The structural issues of cost and accessibility were identified as the primary barriers to the proper retirement and cleaning of turnout gear, especially among volunteer firefighters. Conclusions/Application to Practice: Most participants retired, cleaned, and stored turnout as recommended. The majority of participants were concerned with job-related exposures. The structural issues of cost and accessibility were identified as the primary barriers to the proper retirement and cleaning of turnout gear, especially among volunteer firefighters. By identifying differences, tailored trainings could be aimed at volunteer firefighters to help reduce their exposures.