ABSTRACT
A phylogenetic morphological analysis of the genus Ogyges Kaup, distributed in Nuclear Central America, from Chiapas, Mexico, to northwestern Nicaragua was undertaken. Five species of Proculejus Kaup, distributed north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico, were selected as outgroup. Ogyges was recovered as monophyletic with three species groups: championi, laevissimus, and crassulus. Each species group shows a distinct, generally allopatric distribution. The O. championi species group, with ten species, is distributed in the Maya block, more specifically in the mountainous system north of the Motozintla-Comaltitlán fault in Chiapas, and north of the dry valleys of the Cuilco and Motagua rivers in Guatemala. The two remaining species groups are distributed in the Chortis block. The O. laevissimus species group, including seven species, ranges mostly along the Pacific Volcanic Chain from Guatemala to El Salvador, and from southeastern Honduras to the northwestern area of Nicaragua. The O. crassulus species group, with ten species, is distributed from northeastern Guatemala (Merendón) to northern Honduras. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico, the Motagua-Cuilco and Motozintla-Comaltitlán sutures zones in Chiapas and Guatemala, the lowland valleys of Colón and Comalí rivers between Nicaragua and Honduras (or, perhaps, the northern suture of the Siuna Terrane in Nicaragua), the Guayape fault system in Honduras, and the intricate dry valleys of Ulúa-Chamelecón-Olancho in Honduras, are hypothesized to have acted as barriers that affected the geographical distribution of Ogyges, as well as probably other montane organisms.
ABSTRACT
Se estudió el ciclo de vida de la mosca verde Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann) en condiciones controladas de laboratorio a 26 o C, con una humedad relativa de 75% y un período de iluminación de 12 h de luz y 12 h de oscuridad. El tiempo promedio de desarrollo estimado desde la oviposición hasta la salida de los adultos fue de 306 h (una media de casi 13 días). Bajo estas condiciones de temperatura y humedad, los huevos duran cerca de 19 h (0.8 días), las larvas duran unas 170 h (7.1 días) y las pupas unas 116 h (4.8 días). En los meses secos y fríos de noviembre y diciembre en condiciones naturales, el ciclo de vida empírico fue de 25 días, implicando que las bajas temperaturas ralentizan el crecimiento y las altas lo aceleran. Se discute acerca de la importancia del ciclo de vida en la estimación del intervalo post-mortem en casos de muertes violentas en Guatemala.
Under controlled laboratory conditions, at 26 o C 75% relative humidity and a light/darkness cycle of 12/12 hours, the life cycle of the green bottle fly Phaenicia eximia (Wiedemann) was studied. The estimated average time from oviposition to the emergence of adults was 306 h (an average of almost 13 days). The eggs stadium is 19 h (0.8 d), the larval stage is completed in 170 h (7.1 d) and the pupal stage is completed in 116 h (4.8 d). Under natural conditions, in the dry and cold months of November and December, the observed life cycle was 25 days, implying that the growth is slow at lower temperatures and faster at higher temperatures. The importance of the life cycle in the estimation of post-mortem interval in cases of violent deaths in Guatemala is discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cadaver , Forensic Sciences , Homicide , Myiasis , Death , Forensic Pathology , PupaABSTRACT
Nine new species of Ogyges Kaup (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from the mountainous cloud forests of Mesoamerica are described: O. handali new species and O. menchuae new species from Guatemala; O. cavei new species, O. laurae new species, O. llama new species, O. mutenroshii new species, O. ratcliffei new species, and O. toriyamai new species from Honduras; and O. sandinoi new species from Nicaragua, the first objective record of the genus for this country. A key to the adult Ogyges is included. The work also shows that Ogyges possesses an exclusive autapomorphy: a trituberculate suprainternal tooth of each mandible (one long and wide apical tubercle and two connected, small, almost conical, basal tubercles). This character state is found in all known Ogyges species and is proposed as a synapomorphy that supports the monophyly of the genus.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Coleoptera/anatomy & histology , Coleoptera/growth & development , Female , Guatemala , Honduras , Male , Nicaragua , Organ SizeABSTRACT
Oileus gasparilomisp. n. is described from nine specimens from the mountains of Quiché in Guatemala, from cloud forest at 1795 m elevation. This represents the second species of the genus for Guatemala, differing from the closely related Mexican species Oileus rimator (Truqui) in having a straight anterior clypeal border, the postocular sulcus divided by a keel and the pronotum almost straight (not clearly bilobed). A key to the species of Oileus is given.
