Visión global de la VMNI en las tres primeras olas de la COVID-19en la Comunidad de Madrid / Global vision of NIV during the first three waves of COVID-19 in the Community of Madrid

La neumonía COVID ha supuesto un reto para la Neumología que ha respondido de forma rápida y con resultados muy satisfactorios a la demanda de soporte ventilatorio no invasivo que esta enfermedad y sobre todo la sobrecarga en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos ha ocasionado. En el caso de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (CAM), la mayoría de los centros hospitalarios ampliaron o implantaron los recursos que facilitaron el uso de esta terapia para miles de pacientes que de otro modo no hubieran tenido la oportunidad de mejorar su situación respiratoria. Mediante este artículo queremos dar a conocer la visión global de esta intervención en 14 centros de la red de hospitales de la CAM (AU)

COVID pneumonia has been a challenge for Pulmonology that has responded quickly and with very satisfactory results to the demand for non-invasive ventilatory support that this disease and especially the overload in Intensive Care Units has caused. In the case of the Autonomous Community of Madrid (CAM), most hospitals expanded or implemented the resources that facilitated the use of this therapy for thousands of patients who otherwise would not have had the opportunity to improve their respiratory situation. Through this article we want to present the global vision of this intervention in 14 centers of the CAM network of hospitals (AU)

Characterization of carotenoid profile of Spanish Sanguinos and Verdal prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, spp.) tissues.

Carotenoid profiles of different tissues (peel, pulp and whole fruit) of Spanish Sanguinos (red) and Verdal (orange) prickly pears (Opuntia ficus-indica spp.) have been characterized in detail and quantified for the first time. Carotenoids were determined by HPLC-PDA-MS (APCI+), using a reverse phase C30 column. A total of 9 xantophylls and 4 hydrocarbon carotenes were identified. Also, minor amounts of chlorophyll a, a' and b can be observed in Opuntia peel extracts. All carotenoids were found to be present in their free form (no carotenoid esters were detected). The RAE was highest in Opuntia peels, showing values from 19.20 to 16.48µg/100g fresh weigth, for Sanguinos and Verdal Opuntia fruits, respectively. The main carotenoid in Opuntia peel extracts was (all-E)-lutein with 1132.51 and 767.98µg/100g fresh weigth, followed by (all-E)-ß-carotene with 200.40 and 173.50µg/100g fresh weigth for Sanguinos and Verdal varieties of Opuntia fruits, respectively.

Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 increases intestinal feruloyl esterase activity in mice.

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 on the intestinal feruloyl esterase (FE) activity and oxidative status of mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult Swiss albino mice received Lact. fermentum CRL1446 at the doses 10(7) and 10(9) cells per day per mouse for 2, 5, 7 and 10 days. Intestinal FE activity, intestinal microbiota counts, plasmatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) percentage and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were determined. Mice that received Lact. fermentum CRL1446 at the dose 10(7) cells per day for 7 days showed a twofold increase in total intestinal FE activity, compared to the nontreated group. In large intestine content, FE activity increased up to 6·4 times. No major quantitative changes in colonic microbiota were observed in treated animals. Administration of this strain produced an approx. 30-40% decrease in the basal levels of plasmatic TBARS and an approx. twofold increase in GR activity from day 5 of feeding with both doses. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of Lact. fermentum CRL1446 to mice increases total intestinal FE activity, decreases the basal percentage of plasmatic lipoperoxides and increases GR activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 could be orally administered as a dietary supplement or functional food for increasing the intestinal FE activity to enhance the bioavailability of ferulic acid, thus improving oxidative status.

Body mass index and asthma severity in the National Asthma Survey

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Diagnóstico de atresia bronquial en una mujer adulta / Diagnosis of bronchial atresia in an adult woman

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Partial characterization of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in blackberry fruits.

A partial characterization of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities in blackberry fruits is described. Two cultivars of blackberry (Wild and Thornless) were analyzed for POD and PPO activities. Stable and highly active POD and PPO extracts were obtained using insoluble poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and Triton X-100 in 0.05 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.5, buffer. Blackberry POD and PPO activities have a pH optimum of 6.5, in a reaction mixture of 0.2 M sodium phosphate. Optimal POD activity was found with 3% o-dianisidine. Maximum PPO activity was found with catechol (catecholase activity) followed by 4-methylcatechol. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of blackberry extracts under non-denaturing conditions resolved in various bands. In the POD extracts of Wild fruits, there was only one band with a mobility of 0.12. In the Thornless POD extracts there were three well-resolved bands, with R(f) values of 0.63, 0.36, and 0.09. Both the Wild and Thornless blackberry cultivars produced a single band of PPO, with R(f) values of 0.1 for Wild and 0.06 for Thornless.

Ellagic acid, vitamin C, and total phenolic contents and radical scavenging capacity affected by freezing and frozen storage in raspberry fruit.

The ellagic acid, total phenolic, and vitamin C contents in four raspberry cultivars (Heritage, Autumn Bliss, Rubi, and Zeva) grown in Spain were detected and quantified by HPLC in fresh, just frozen, and stored fruits at -20 degrees C for a one year period. Ellagic acid [207-244 mg kg(-)(1) of fresh weight (fw)], total phenolic (137-1776 mg kg(-)(1) of fw), and vitamin C (221-312 mg kg(-)(1) of fw) contents in raw material were higher in the late cultivars Zeva and Rubi than in the early cultivars Autumn Bliss and Heritage. The freezing process slightly affected the values of extracted ellagic acid, total phenolic, and vitamin C content. At the end of long-term frozen storage (12 months), no significant change of total phenolic content extracted was observed, but significant decreases of 14-21% in ellagic acid and of 33-55% in vitamin C were quantified. Free radical scavenging capacity measured as antiradical efficiency (AE) depends on the seasonal period of harvest. Late cultivars, Rubi (6.1 x 10(-)(4)) and Zeva (10.17 x 10(-)(4)), showed higher AE than early cultivars, Heritage (4.02 x 10(-)(4)) and Autumn Bliss (4.36 x 10(-)(4)). The freezing process produced a decrease of AE values in the four cultivars ranging between 4 and 26%. During the frozen storage, the AE values reached after the freezing process remained unchanged.

Effect of high-pressure treatment on the carotenoid composition and the radical scavenging activity of persimmon fruit purees.

The carotenoid composition of persimmon fruit purees of two cultivars, cvs. Rojo Brillante and Sharon, grown in Spain was determined by HPLC to assess the effects of high-pressure processing on some sensory (carotenoids), nutritional (provitamin A value), and health-related (radical-scavenging capacity) parameters. Total carotenoid content was higher in untreated Rojo Brillante puree (22. 11 microg g(-)(1)) than in untreated Sharon puree (15.22 microg g(-)(1)). Purees of both untreated cultivars showed similar carotenoid patterns after saponification with beta-cryptoxanthin, beta-carotene, and zeaxanthin as the main pigments. A high content of lycopene was quantified in Rojo Brillante (5.34 microg g(-)(1)), whereas only traces were detected in Sharon. The provitamin A value, reported as retinol equivalents (RE), was in untreated Rojo Brillante puree (77 RE/100 g) similar to that of Sharon (75 RE/100 g). Scavenging free radical capacity, measured as antiradical efficiency (AE), showed in untreated Rojo Brillante puree a value (12.14 x 10(-)(3)) 8.5 times higher than that in untreated Sharon (1. 42 x 10(-)(3)). Nonuniform behavior of high-pressure treatment was detected. Pressure treatments at 50 and 300 MPa/15 min/25 degrees C for Rojo Brillante and at 50 and 400 MPa/15 min/25 degrees C for Sharon increased the amount of extractable carotenoids (9-27%), which are related with the increase of vitamin A value (75-87 RE/100 g). No correlation with the increase of AE (from 1.42 x 10(-)(3) to 16.73 x 10(-)(3) and 19.58 x 10(-)(3)) after some pressure treatments (150 and 300 MPa/15 min/25 degrees C) was found.

Estudio epidemiológico de las lesiones por presión en un hospital público / Epidemiological study of bedsores in a public hospital

Las lesiones por presión constituyen una de las patologías más frecuente de los pacientes geriátricos institucionalizados, provocando un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad, de la estancia hospitalaria y de la carga de trabajo de enfermería. La epidemiología aplicada a los pacientes con lesiones por presión es condición necesaria para establecer el punto de partida en la elaboración de un nuevo "Protocolo de Prevención y Tratamiento de dichas Lesiones" dentro de un programa de evaluación y mejora de la calidad asistencial. Hemos analizado las características epidemiológicas de 248 pacientes geriátricos con lesiones por presión en un hospital público del Servicio Andaluz de Salud (edad media de 77 ñ 11,5 años), mediante un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de todos los pacientes con lesiones por presión ingresados en nuestro hospital durante el período de un año. Los resultados y las conclusiones obtenidas aportan dos grupos de informaciones útiles. Primero, el estado de los pacientes con lesiones por presión: prevalencia (20,6 por ciento), incidencia (8,2 por ciento), procedencia, factores de riesgo (la inmovilidad aparece en más del 90 por ciento de pacientes), diagnósticos médicos y éxitus; segundo, el estado de las lesiones: donde se generan, grados, localizaciones, tiempo de inicio, evolución y curación (AU)

Frozen storage effects on anthocyanins and volatile compounds of raspberry fruit.

The quantitative and qualitative evolution of the anthocyanins and volatile compounds of four raspberry cultivars (cvs. Heritage, Autumn Bliss, Zeva, and Rubi) growing in Spain were analyzed raw, just frozen, and during long-term frozen storage at -20 degrees C for a 1 year period. HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS and HPLC techniques were employed to study the evolution of the volatile compounds and the individual anthocyanins, respectively. The volatile aroma composition changes produced by the freezing process and long-term frozen storage were minimal. Only a significant increase in extraction capacity was obtained for alpha-ionone (27%) and for caryophyllene (67%) in Heritage at 12 months of storage. The stability of anthocyanins to freezing and frozen storage depends on the seasonal period of harvest. Heritage and Autumn Bliss (early cultivars) were less affected by processing and long-term frozen storage (1 year), and the total pigment extracted showed the tendency to increase 17 and 5%, respectively. Rubi and Zeva (late cultivars) suffered a decreased trend on the total anthocyanin content of 4% for Rubi and 17.5% for Zeva. Cyanidin 3-glucoside most easily suffered the degradative reactions that take place during processing and the storage period.

Partial characterization of polyphenol oxidase activity in raspberry fruits.

A partial characterization of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in raspberry fruits is described. Two early cultivars harvested in May/June (Heritage and Autumm Bliss) and two late cultivars harvested in October-November (Ceva and Rubi) were analyzed for PPO activity. Stable and highly active PPO extracts were obtained using insoluble poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Triton X-100 in sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 buffer. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of raspberry extracts under nondenaturing conditions resolved in one band (R(f)()(1) = 0.25). Raspberry PPO activity has pH optima of 8.0 and 5.5, both with catechol (0.1 M). Maximum activity was with D-catechin (catecholase activity), followed by p-coumaric acid (cresolase activity). Heritage raspberry also showed PPO activity toward 4-methylcatechol. Ceva and Autumm Bliss raspberries showed the higher PPO activity using catechol as substrate.

Influence of critical storage temperatures on degradative pathways of pigments in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cvs. Perona and boby).

In this work a study of critical storage temperatures on pigment degradation of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, cvs. Perona and Boby) was conducted. In this way, green beans kept better quality at 4 degrees C than either 8 or 12 degrees C, maintaining a bright green color and good texture. Nevertheless, temperatures of 4 degrees C induced chilling injury (CI) after eight days of storage, which became evident when the pods were transferred to 20 degrees C. Cold storage temperatures, 12, 8, and 4 degrees C, produced different changes on the green beans chlorophyll profile. Green beans of both cultivars, Perona and Boby, stored at 4 and 12 degrees C showed a continuous degradation of chlorophyll pigments during storage, while samples stored at 8 degrees C showed an increase of chlorophyll content at the first 15 days. Carotenoid pigments also suffered different changes during cold storage. Perona was the green beans cultivar which maintained the higher level of lutein, mainly when samples were stored at the most suitable temperature (8 degrees C).

Effects of freezing and canning of papaya slices on their carotenoid composition.

An HPLC study of the carotenoid composition of fresh, frozen and canned papaya fruit slices was done. There were no qualitative differences between the carotenoid patterns of fresh and frozen papaya fruit slices (cultivar Sunrise). The major carotenoids found in papaya extracts were lycopene and carotenol fatty acid esters of beta-cryptoxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin-5, 6-epoxide. Other xanthophylls detected were beta-cryptoxanthin, trans-zeaxanthin and cryptoflavin. It was possible to determine the quantitative losses of carotenoids in papaya slices as a result of the freezing process and frozen storage, since samples of these fruits were available before processing. The pigment pattern of the canned product showed lycopene as being a major pigment. Thermal treatment induced the degradation of carotenol fatty acid esters of xanthophylls. The freezing and canning processing of papaya slices led to significant decreases in the total carotenoids quantified by HPLC, with frozen female slices and canned samples showing lower amounts of pigments. Hunter colour values of frozen slices were similar to those of fresh papaya fruit slices.