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1.
Aten Primaria ; 33(5): 254-60, 2004 Mar 31.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15033094

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To calculate the prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) after diagnostic confirmation using clinical criteria. To analyse the degree of understanding and monitoring of these factors and to evaluate the association of CVRF with each other, so estimating who is susceptible to intervention. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study. SETTING: Population study conducted in Health Area 20 of the Community of Valencia (county of the Low Plain of the River Segura). PATIENTS: People who had lived in this Area for >=20 years. Proportional, multi-stage randomised sampling with definition of sample quotas according to type of residence. SAMPLE SIZE: 2550 people (no reply in first stage: 26%). The second stage involved the clinical confirmation of those identified as suffering from hypertension (HT) (374), hypercholesterolaemia (HCOL) (126), and diabetes (DM) (33). MEASUREMENTS: Patients identified were interviewed for taking blood pressure in the case of those with HT, and blood samples in the case of those with HCOL and DM. The diagnostic criteria recommended by the latest consensus were used. RESULTS: 1886 people (78.1%) took part. Prevalences found: total HT 42+/-2.2%, diagnosed: 11.7+/-1.4; total HCOL 26.6+/-2%; total DM 9.5+/-1.3%. Tobacco dependency was 33.6+/-2.1% and Obesity: 31.6+/-2.1%. Degree of control: HT, 8.6%; HCOL, 21.7%; DM, 56.1%. Association of CVR factors with each other: 25.5% had neither HT nor HCOL and did not smoke. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of CVRF in our area, compared with published national findings. Tobacco dependency is less common than at national level. The degree of control is very low and the association of the main CVRF factors for ischaemic cardiopathy reflect that nearly 75% of the population requires a preventive intervention.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Female , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control , Hypercholesterolemia/therapy , Hypertension/prevention & control , Hypertension/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
2.
Cuad. gest. prof. aten. prim. (Ed. impr.) ; 9(3): 146-156, jul. 2003. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24948

ABSTRACT

Las listas de espera son un problema que afecta a la mayoría de los sistemas nacionales de salud que ofrecen a sus ciudadanos un libre acceso al sistema sanitario pero a la vez disponen de unos recursos limitados. Pese al conocimiento de la mayoría de los factores que condicionan su aparición y al esfuerzo de gestores y clínicos en estudiar las variables que son capaces de influir en ellas, hasta ahora la resolución del problema parece lejano, entre otras razones, porque con recursos limitados se pretende ofertar servicios ilimitados. Ante la imposibilidad de eliminarlas, se han realizado múltiples iniciativas con el fin de que los tiempos de acceso sean acordes con las necesidades de la población y los recursos disponibles. Para ello, se han puesto en marcha iniciativas cuantitativas, cuyo objetivo primordial es acortar el tiempo de acceso al nivel especializado y la cantidad de pacientes en espera, e iniciativas cualitativas, más adecuadas a las exigencias de la época actual, que tratan de establecer prioridades basándose en la gravedad del proceso, pero también en la necesidad social de ser tratado. Tanto unas como otras deben contar con instrumentos de medida (indicadores) homogéneos y transparentes que eviten el tradicional sesgo y oscurantismo que clásicamente ha acompañado a este problema. Tras el análisis detallado de cada uno de los ángulos abordados, llegamos a la conclusión de que el futuro debe dirigirse a conseguir tres grandes objetivos: a) mejorar la práctica médica, evitando la variabilidad de las decisiones; b) el compromiso político de legislar para que existan tiempos de atención garantizada, y c) la priorización en función de criterios explícitos, más consistentes que el tiempo de espera en la cola, basándose sobre todo en la gravedad del proceso y en la necesidad de atención (AU)


Subject(s)
Waiting Lists , Physicians , Medicine , Health Services
3.
Aten Primaria ; 30(9): 549-55, 2002 Nov 30.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12453388

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact on waiting-lists and waiting time of an intervention that modified the appointment system in specialist out-patients. DESIGN: Intervention study. Intervention group, medical specialists (MS); and control group, surgical specialists (SS). Comparison of variables. Analysis at one year (1997) and at two years (1998) of the intervention in the two groups.Setting. Area 20 of the health board for the Community of Valencia, a Southern county in the province of Alicante, which had 12 health districts and included specialist care. PARTICIPANTS: The first-visit diary for medical and surgical specialist clinics.Interventions. Redistribution of MS first visits in proportion with the population over 14 by areas. Health centre self-management of specialist appointments. Introduction of visits of choice and second-visit re-scheduling from specialist care. Introduction of clinical protocols for action and referral. MEASUREMENTS: Referral percentage. Patients seen in primary care and at medical and surgical specialist clinics. Days waiting to be seen by a specialist. Patients on waiting list. Index of waiting for consultations. RESULTS: Referral ranged between 5.1% and 5.8%. There was a significant drop (P<.05) in the mean number of days an MS patient had to wait vs the SS (37 vs 48 in 1997 and 34 vs 50 in 1998), and in the number of MS consultations being waited for. There was a significant difference in the index of waiting for a consultation (P<.05) in favour of MS (17.74 vs 25.45 in 1997, and 16.77 vs 34.92). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention optimised specialist medical health care in terms of the number of consultations and reduction of waiting time, with an improvement of these variables against SS.


Subject(s)
Catchment Area, Health/statistics & numerical data , Medicine , Specialization , Waiting Lists , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Spain , Time Factors
4.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 30(9): 549-555, nov. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-16438

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de una intervención que modifica el sistema de citación sobre las listas y el tiempo de espera de consulta externa especializada. Diseño. Estudio de intervención. Forman el grupo de intervención las especialidades médicas (EM) y el de control, las especialidades quirúrgicas (EQ). Comparación de variables. Análisis al año (1997) y a los dos años (1998) de la intervención en ambos grupos. Emplazamiento. Área 20 de la Conselleria de Sanitat de la Comunidad Valenciana, comarca sur de la provincia de Alicante, 12 zonas básicas de salud y asistencia especializada. Participantes. Agenda de primeras visitas de especializada, consultas médicas y quirúrgicas. Intervenciones. Redistribución de primeras visitas en consultas de EM proporcional a población mayor de 14 años por zonas. Autogestión desde los centros de salud de citas con especializada. Instauración de consultas preferentes y recitación de segundas visitas desde especializada. Implantación de protocolos clínicos de actuación y derivación. Mediciones. Porcentaje de derivación; pacientes atendidos en atención primaria y especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas; días de espera para visita por especialista; pacientes en lista de espera, e índice de espera por consultas. Resultados. El porcentaje de derivación oscila entre el 5,1 y el 5,8 per cent. Se observa una disminución significativa (p < 0,05) en la media de días de espera por paciente para las EM frente a las EQ (37 frente a 48 en 1997 y 34 frente a 50 en 1998), así como del número de consultas en espera para las EM. Existe una diferencia significativa del índice de espera por consulta (p < 0,05) a favor de las EM (17,74 frente a 25,45 en 1997 y 16,77 frente a 34,92 en 1998). Conclusiones. La intervención produjo una optimización de la actividad asistencial en EM en términos de número de consultas y reducción del tiempo de espera, con mejora de estas variables frente a las EQ. (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Medicine , Waiting Lists , Spain , Time Factors , Catchment Area, Health
5.
Aten Primaria ; 30(4): 207-13, 2002 Sep 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12237025

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and tobacco dependency, in Health Area 20 of the Community of Valencia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study. SETTING: Population study carried out in Health Area 20 of the Community of Valencia (Vega Baja del río Segura county). PATIENTS: >=20 years-old people, living in this area. Multi-stage randomised sample proportional to the definition of sample quotas according to the kind of residence (urban, peri-urban or rural), age groups and sex. Calculated sample size of 2550 people. Pregnant women and people diagnosed with incapacitating psychiatric or physical illnesses (134) were excluded. The rest (2416) were included. MEASUREMENTS: A questionnaire was filled out in a face-to-face interview and a basic physical examination was made. A blood sample was taken. The following variables were recorded: personal details, social and economic details, previous illnesses (cardiovascular, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, DM), tobacco habit, Body Mass Index, blood pressure, haemogram and standard biochemical test. The most recently agreed and recommended diagnostic criteria were used for each factor. RESULTS: 1886 people of the 2416 eligible took part (78.06%). Prevalence was as follows: hypertension, 30.3+/-2.1% (women, 34.1+/-2.9%; men, 25.8+/-2.9%); hypercholesterolaemia, 22.6+/-1.9%; diabetes, 8.4+/-1.2%; tobacco dependency, 33.6+/-2.1% (women, 25.4+/-2.7%; men, 42.2+/-3.3%; 20-39 years old age-group, 56.9+/-3.8%), and obesity, 31.6+/-2.1% (women, 34.6+/-2.9%; men, 28.1+/-3%; age group >=60 years old, 46.7+/-3.9%). Detection data were shown. CONCLUSIONS: High presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes and obesity, greater than the country-wide level. Tobacco dependency was less common, though very high in young people. Known hypertension and obesity are more common in women than men.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
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