ABSTRACT
Microwave heating of asphalt pavement is a promising technique to reduce the maintenance and increase the service life of materials through self-healing of cracks. Previous studies have shown that microwave heating technology at high temperatures could damage the bitumen of asphalt mixture, which is an unwanted effect of the crack-healing technique. In this study, the effects of microwave heating and long-term aging on the rheological and chemical properties of recovered bitumen were quantified using a frequency sweep test and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry analysis, respectively. The main results indicate that microwave heating has no significant effect on the aging performance of G* and δ for aged asphalt mixtures. However, for newer bitumens, the rheological properties G* and δ show minor changes after microwave heating was applied. Overall, this study confirms that microwave heating is a potential alternative for maintenance of asphalt pavements, without severely affecting the rheological and chemical properties of bitumen.
ABSTRACT
En parques y zonas verdes de Bogotá DC., se evaluó la densidad de esporas y la colonización radical en la rizosfera de tres especies comunes del arbolado urbano: Eugenia myrtifolia, Ficus soatensis y Croton bogotensis, con el fin de determinar si el grado de micorrización está relacionado con el estado fitosanitario y si existe diferencias en el grado de micorrización entre dos zonas climáticas distintas. Se comprobó que la especie y el clima son fuentes significativas de variabilidad en el estado general de micorrización. Eugenia myrtifolia presentó la mayor colonización radical promedio pero el más bajo promedio de densidad de esporas, mientras C. bogotensis tuvo la respuesta contraria. En general los ambientes secos y semisecos favorecieron la micorrización. Considerando los datos de todas especies, se comprobó una relación positiva entre el estado fitosanitario general y la colonización radicular, y al evaluar la relación con la afectación de síntomas específicos se encontró que la clorosis, la quemazón y la herbivoría mantienen una relación negativa con la micorrización en E. myrtifolia y C. bogotensis. Los resultados sugieren que la asociación con hongos de micorriza arbuscular ayuda de algún modo a reducir esos síntomas, presentando un potencial importante para mejorar la sanidad y vida media de las especies arbóreas en la ciudad.
Spore number and root infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were evaluated in Eugenia myrtifolia, Ficus soatensis and Croton bogotensis, in parks and green zones of urban woodlands of Bogotá DC . The aim was to investigate relations between mycorrhizal associations and tree phyto-sanitary conditions, and effects of two distinct climatic zones. It was demonstrated that plant species and climate are significant sources of variations in the general mycorrhizal state. Eugenia myrtifolia showed the highest degree of root colonization but the lowest number of spores, while C. bogotensis had the opposite response. In general, dry environments favored the mycorrhizal infection levels. By considering overall data, there was a positive relation between the general phytosanitary status of the urban trees and the mycorrhizal colonization. The evaluation of the relationship with the incidence of specific foliar symptoms showed that chlorosis, bight and herbivory maintained a negative relation with the mycorrhization in E. myrtifolia and C. bogotensis. Results suggest that association with AM fungi helps in any way for reducing those symptoms, showing an important strategy to improve the sanity of urban trees.
