Some heavy metals in Luciobarbus esocinus for public consumption and consumer protection.

In this study, the concentrations of some heavy metals were determined in the muscle of Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843 and in water where they live. The results were evaluated in term of potential human risk of consumption of this fish and the relationship between the heavy metal load of fish and some of their biological aspects (weight, length and sex). In addition, the accumulation factor of heavy metals in the muscle of L. esocinus were also determined. The Cr, Pb and Ni were not found in detectable levels according to results obtained by ICP. Only Cu, Zn and Fe were detected. It was found that heavy metals concentrations in the muscle of L. esocinus were higher than that in the water. The concentration of heavy metals showed differences according to weight, length and sex of fish. The results were discussed and compared with tolerable values for heavy metals provided from the EPA, FAO and WHO in order to determine whether this fish species has any risk for human consumption.

Determination of some heavy metals in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794) in terms of public health.

In this study, the accumulation of some heavy metals in spiny eel (Mastacembelus mastacembelus Banks and Solander, 1794) living in Karakaya Dam Lake was determined and human health risk of this fish when consumed as food was examined. For this purpose, the amounts of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium(Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) in water samples and in the muscle tissues of the fishes were determined. The amounts of heavy metals showed differences in the muscle tissues of Mastacembelus mastacembelus according to weight, length, sex and age groups of fish. In conclusion the amounts of heavy metals in the flesh of spiny eels were found lower than that recommended by EPA, WHO, FAO and TFC.

Some heavy metals in the muscle of Capoeta trutta: risk assessment for the consumers.

This study was carried out to detect the concentrations of some heavy metals (copper, iron, zinc, cadmium and chromium) in the muscle of Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) and in their surrounding water in order to study the potential human risk of consumption. The relationship between the heavy metal load of fish and some of their biological aspects (weight, length and sex) was also examined. In addition, the accumulation factors of heavy metals in this species were determined. The concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd and Cr in water and muscle samples were analysed using ICP. Cu, Zn and Fe were detected in all samples, but Cd and Cr were not found in detectable levels. The results showed that heavy metals accumulation in muscle of fish was higher than that in the water. It was found that the level of heavy metals in the muscle of fish showed differences according to weight, length and sex of fish.

An evaluation of the effects of perioperatively administered fluids on ischemia/reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4(HES) solution on Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy operations with spinal anesthesia using a tourniquet. METHODS: The study comprised 48 ASA I-II patients undergoing knee arthroscopy with spinal anesthesia using a tourniquet. The patients were randomised into two groups and after standard monitoring two venous lines were introduced to obtain blood samples and to give intravenous therapy. In the control group (Group A) (n=21) 0.9% NaCl, 10 ml/kg/hours and in the study group (Group B) (n=19) 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4, 10 ml/kg/hours infusion were administered. Spinal anesthesia was applied with 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine to all patients. The tourniquet was applied and the operation was started when the sensorial block level reached T10 dermatome. Blood xanthine oxidase (XO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an indicator of ischemia and reperfusion injury were measured in samples before fluid infusion (t1), before tourniquet application (t2), 1 minute before tourniquet release (t3), and at 5 (t4) and 15 (t5) minutes after tourniquet release. RESULTS: No difference was observed between the two groups in respect of demographic parameters, the highest block level, duration before tourniquet application and tourniquet duration (p>0.05). The MDA level after tourniquet application and 15 minutes after tourniquet release was lower in Group B (p<0.05). XO levels were not different (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 solution reduced MDA level which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation. 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 solution may be beneficial for Ischemia/reperfusion injuries.