Comparative Evaluation of Condylar Volume Between Patients With Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia and Class III Dentofacial Deformity.

PURPOSE: To compare the condylar volume of patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) with that of patients with a Class III skeletal relation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cone-beam computed tomograms of patients were analyzed. Images were divided into 2 groups: 10 from patients with transverse asymmetry of the face and 10 from patients with a Class III facial deformity. Patients' ages ranged from 15 to 30 years. Volumetric data were reconstructed using Dolphin 3D software (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, CA). This software measured the condylar volume above the deepest point of the sigmoid notch, the lower arch midline deviation, and the overjet. RESULTS: The condyle with hyperplasia exhibited the largest volume (1.97 ± 0.52 cm3) and a statistically significant difference compared with the contralateral condyle (χ2 = 14.30; P < .01). The Class III condyle exhibited relative symmetry of volume between the left and right sides. These condyles exhibited a larger volume compared with the non-hyperplastic condyles in the UCH group, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 6.22; P = .013; χ2 = 5.50; P = .019). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperplastic condyles were similar in volume to the condyles of patients with mandibular prognathism, suggesting that patients with a Class III skeletal relation could exhibit bilateral condylar hyperplasia.

Relationship between pterygopalatine fossa volume and cephalic and upper facial indexes / Relación entre el volumen de la fosa pterigopalatina y los índices cefálico y facial superior

The maxilary nerve can be block in the pterygopalatine fossa, entering from oral cavity via greater palatine canal. The aim of this study was to analyse the volume of the pterygopalatine fossa and its relationship with upper facial height and cephalic indexes. In 71 human adults skulls, without sex distinction, was determined the volume of the pterygopalatine fossa and cephalic and upper facial height indexes. Through a t test (p < 0.05) were compared the average volume between cephalic and facial types. The average volume of the pterygopalatine fossa was 1.2 mi (DS 0.297), were not found differences according to the cephalic or facial type.

El nervio maxilar puede ser bloqueado en la fosa pterigopalatina, ingresando desde la cavidad oral vía canal palatino mayor. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el volumen de la fosa y su relación con los índices cefálico y facial superior. Se utilizaron 71 cráneos humanos adultos, sin distinción de sexo. Se determinó el volumen de la fosa pterigopalatina y los índices cefálico y facial superior. Mediante una prueba t (p < 0.05) se compararon las medias del volumen entre los tipos cefálicos y faciales. El volumen medio de la fosa fue de 1.2 mi (DS 0.297), no se encontraron diferencias de acuerdo al tipo cefálico o facial.

Inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia via the retromolar triangle, an alternative for patients with blood dyscrasias.

UNLABELLED: One of the most commonly used mandibular anesthesia techniques is the Spix technique, which is very useful in clinical practice, but is risky when the patient is a bearer of blood dyscrasias. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present an alternative to the Spix technique in order to achieve troncular anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve. To this purpose, an infiltrative technique was designed to anesthetize the inferior alveolar nerve via the retromolar triangle. STUDY DESIGN: This study included 40 patients with an average age of 23.65 years, 22 males and 18 females, who were previously evaluated with a vitalometer control, then subjected to the designed anesthetic technique. The effectiveness of the technique used to anesthetize the inferior alveolar nerve was evaluated by the results of tests using a vitalometer applied to a molar and a premolar on the anesthetized side after 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Moreover, the anesthesia was evaluated in mucosa innervated regions by the inferior alveolar, lingual and buccal nerves, and by having the patient relate the duration of the induced feeling of numbness. RESULTS: The technique proved to be effective in 72.5% of the cases, with a latency of 10 minutes and an average duration of the anesthetic effect for 141.125 minutes. Moreover, anesthesia was obtained in the mucosa innervated regions by the inferior alveolar nerve in 72.5% of the cases, by the buccal nerve in 27.5% and in the innervated areas by the lingual nerve in 55% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed technique, even when it proved to be less effective than the Spix technique, can be seen as a lower risk alternative for patients carrying blood dyscrasias and being subjected to dental procedures in mandibular teeth.

Inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia via the retromolar triangle, an alternative for patients with blood dyscrasias

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One of the most commonly used mandibular anesthesia techniques is the Spix technique, which is very useful inclinical practice, but is risky when the patient is a bearer of blood dyscrasias.Objective: The aim of this study was to present an alternative to the Spix technique in order to achieve troncular anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve. To this purpose, an infiltrative technique was designed to anesthetize the inferior alveolar nerve via the retromolar triangle.Study Design: This study included 40 patients with an average age of 23.65 years, 22 males and 18 females, who were previously evaluated with a vitalometer control, then subjected to the designed anesthetic technique.The effectiveness of the technique used to anesthetize the inferior alveolar nerve was evaluated by the results of tests using a vitalometer applied to a molar and a premolar on the anesthetized side after 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Moreover, the anesthesia was evaluated in mucosa innervated regions by the inferior alveolar, lingual and buccal nerves, and by having the patient relate the duration of the induced feeling of numbness.Results: The technique proved to be effective in 72.5% of the cases, with a latency of 10 minutes and an averageduration of the anesthetic effect for 141.125 minutes. Moreover, anesthesia was obtained in the mucosa innervated regions by the inferior alveolar nerve in 72.5% of the cases, by the buccal nerve in 27.5% and in the innervated areas by the lingual nerve in 55% of the cases.Conclusions: The proposed technique, even when it proved to be less effective than the Spix technique, can be seenas a lower risk alternative for patients carrying blood dyscrasias and being subjected to dental procedures in mandibular teeth (AU)

Aspectos Biométricos del Canal Mandibular / Biometric Aspects of the Mandibular Canal

El canal mandibular recorre este hueso longitudinalmente, relacionándose en su segmento medio con las piezas dentarias molares y premolares. El conocimiento de la relación del canal mandibular con las piezas dentarias y con las corticales mandibulares es de gran importancia para la práctica de la implantología. En el presente estudio se analizan las relaciones de la porción media del canal mandibular con las corticales mandibulares pertenecientes a individuos de sexo femenino, de entre 50 y 65 años, con caracterización antropométrica coincidente con el registro. Se realizaron mediciones en tres niveles del segmento medio (A-B-C). Los resultados muestran que el canal mandibular presenta una forma ovoidea y que sus diámetros disminuyen a medida que desciende hasta el agujero mentoniano. Se observó además, un trayecto oblicuo y descendente, aproximándose a la cortical vestibular de la mandíbula. Se discute la importancia del conocimiento de las características biométricas del canal mandibular, en individuos de sexo femenino, del grupo etario seleccionado, debido a que estos son pacientes quienes tienen mayor necesidad de rehabilitación con implantes óseointegrados.

The mandibular canal have as longitudinally course, being related in its average segment to the dental pieces molars and premolars. The knowledge of the relation of the mandibular canal with the dental pieces and cortical bone is of great importance for the practice of the implant therapy. In the present study the relations of the average portion of the canal are analyzed to mandible with cortical mandibular bone pertaining to female sex of between 50 and 65 years obtained of different cemeteries, with coincident anthropometric characterization with the registry. Measurements were made in three levels of the average segment (A-B-C). The results show that the mandibular canal presents a ovoid form and that their diameters diminish as it descends until the mentoniano hole. It was observed, in addition an oblique and descendent passage, coming near to the cortical one to vestibular of the jaw. The importance of the knowledge of the biometrics aspects of the mandibular canal is discussed in female of the selected age group, because they are these patients who have greater necessity of implant therapy.

Efecto de la Aplicación de Láser de Baja Potencia Sobre la Mucosa Oral Lesionada / Effect of the Low-power Laser on the Oral Mucous Injured

La utilización del láser ha tenido una constante evolución y desarrollo. Se ha comprobado en numerosos estudios los efectos bioestimulantes que la irradiación láser de baja potencia produce al interactuar con los tejidos y células. Este estudio pretende determinar la existencia de diferencias morfológicas en la mucosa oral lesionada, posterior a la irradiación con láser de baja potencia, a través de cambios en la densidad vascular del plexo subpapilar de la mucosa oral. Se utilizaron 15 ratas Sprague Dawley, las cuales se dividieron en tres grupos. A la totalidad de los animales se les lesionó la mucosa oral, en la zona media del frenillo labial inferior. El grupo I se tomó como control; al grupo II se le aplicó láser de baja potencia sobre la mucosa oral inmediatamente realizada la lesión, luego, a las 24 y 48 horas, en una dosis de 6 Joule/cm² por aplicación; al grupo III se le aplicó láser de baja potencia en una dosis única de 18 Joule/cm² inmediatamente efectuada la lesión. La unidad de muestra y análisis fueron los cortes histológicos obtenidos de la sección de la mucosa oral lesionada. Los resultados muestran una mayor densidad vascular en el grupo II con respecto a los grupos I y III, con una densidad promedio de 4,07 vasos sanguíneos/25mm², mientras el grupo I de 2,47 vasos sanguíneos/25mm² y el grupo III de 1,87 vasos sanguíneos/25mm². No se observó diferencia entre las densidades obtenidas para los grupos I y III. Estos resultados indican que la aplicación de láser de baja potencia en dosis baja produce un aumento en la densidad vascular en la mucosa oral lesionada.

The laser use has had a constant evolution and development; the bioestimulantion effects have been verified in numerous studies that the irradiation laser of fall promotes produces on having interacted with cells and tissues This study tries to determine the morphologic differences in the oral mucous injured, after the application of low-level laser, across changes in the vascular density of the subpapilar plexus of the mucous oral. Fifteen Sprague Dawley mice were used, which formed three groups, in the total number of animals the oral mucous was injured, in the average zone of the labial low frenum. Group I was taken as a control; in group II a low-level laser was applied on the mucous immediately the oral injury, then, at 48 after 24 hours in a dose of 6 Joule/cm² for application; Group III a low-level laser in a single dose of 18 Joule/cm² was applied immediately the oral injury. The unit of sample and analysis they were the histological cuts obtained of the section of the oral mucous injured. The results show a major vascular density in the group the II with regard to the group I and the III, with a density I mediate of 4,07 vassels/25mm², while the group I of 2,47 vassels/25mm² and group II of 1,87 vassels/25mm². No find differences between groups I and III. These results indicate that the application of low-level laser in low dose originate an increase in the vascular density in the oral mucous injured.

Evaluación Ultrasonográfica del Tejido Blando Facial en Adultos Chilenos / Ultrasonic Assessment of Facial Soft Tissue in Adult Chileans

Existen variadas técnicas para realizar la identificación médicolegal en restos cadavéricos u osamentas. Una de ellas es la identificación por escultura forense. Para esto, se necesitan ciertas referencias en la relación entre tejido óseo y tejido blando. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los grosores tisulares faciales mediante ultrasonografía y correlacionarlos con edad y sexo. Se seleccionó una muestra de 48 personas, entre 21 y 50 años de edad de ambos sexos, que consultaron al Servicio de Imagenología de la Clínica Multimédica de Talca, Chile, distribuidas en dos grupos: A: 12 hombres y 12 mujeres entre 21 y 35 años de edad, B: 12 hombres y 12 mujeres entre 36 y 50 años de edad. Para este estudio se utilizó un ecógrafo General Electric®, modelo Voluson 730 expert, con el cual se midieron los grosores tistulares en 15 puntos medianos y paramedianos de la cabeza. Los resultados de la medición de los grosores titulares mostraron diferencias significativas entre grupos etáreos y sexos. No se observaron diferencias significativas, entre las personas del mismo sexo de un mismo grupo etáreo.

Varied methods exist to realize the medicolegal identification in cadaveric remains or skeletons, one of them is the identification for forensic sculpture. For this certain references are needed in the relation between osseous and soft tissue. The objective of this investigation was to determine face tissue thicknesses by means of ultrasonography and to correlate them with age and sex. There was selected a sample of 48 persons, between 21 and 50 years of age of both sexes, which they consulted to the service of imagenologia of Talca's Multimedical Clinic distributed in two groups: A group with 12 men and 12 women between 21 and 35 years of age; B group with 12 men and 12 women between 36 and 50 years of age. For this study an ecographe was used, General Electric®, model voluson 730 expert, to which the tissue thicknesses measured up in 15 medium and paramedium craniofacial points, which were correlated by the parameters of sex and age. The results of the measurement of the tissue thicknesses showed significant differences between age groups and between sexes. Significant differences were not observed, between the persons of the same sex of the same age group.