ABSTRACT
A 65-year-old male with pancreatic cancer stage IV and history of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and plastic biliary stent placement 43 days earlier, arrived to the emergency department with 8-hour right upper quadrant pain, fever, and shivering. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed migration of the biliary stent to the ascending colon, with signs of perforation on its antimesenteric edge. A surgical approach by laparotomy was decided. The biliary stent was found perforating the ascending colon and in contact with the abdominal wall. The stent contained the colonic perforation, avoiding leakage. Removal of migrated endoprosthesis and primary closure was made. The patient remained in observation and with IV antibiotics, a new was performed ERCP with placement of an 8 cm by 10 Fr Amsterdam-type plastic stent on the 7th day due to cholangitis, with subsequent complete recovery. Endoscopic placement of stents has become a well-established procedure for biliary disease. Stent migration may be present in up to 6-8% of the cases. In most cases, distal migration has an uncomplicated passage, but it may cause bowel injury in up to 1%. This life-threatening complication requires prompt evaluation and management either by endoscopic or surgical approach.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive non-spore-forming rods usually found in the microbiota of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genitourinary tract. Also, they are commonly used in the food industry as supplements and probiotics. Lactobacilli are normally considered non-pathogenic to the human body, however, under certain circumstances such as immunosuppression, they can cause severe infections, with only a few cases of bacteremia, infective endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, and intra-abdominal infections reported. Among these presentations, a pyogenic liver abscess is rather rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 59-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and multiple abdominal surgeries with the latest being in 2014 presenting with bacteremia and multiple large pyogenic liver abscesses due to Lactobacillus gasseri, which did not appear to be related to the use of probiotics or immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the increased use of probiotics, it is expected that in the future we will see an increase in infections caused by Lactobacilli. Medical management with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage were successful strategies for the treatment of this unusual case of pyogenic liver abscesses and bacteremia caused by Lactobacillus gasseri.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/diagnosis , Lactobacillus gasseri/isolation & purification , Liver Abscess, Pyogenic/diagnosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/therapy , Diabetes Complications/diagnosis , Diabetes Complications/therapy , Drainage , Humans , Lactobacillus gasseri/drug effects , Lactobacillus gasseri/pathogenicity , Liver Abscess, Pyogenic/complications , Liver Abscess, Pyogenic/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Chagas disease also known as American Trypanosomiasis is mainly caused by haematophagous insects widely distributed from Mexico to Argentina. According to the Panamerican Health Organization, 7.7 to 10 million people are living with chronic infection. Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan transmitted by triatomine vectors. After an initial acute phase, Chagas is followed by a silent phase that lasts 15-20 years before debuting with cardiac, neurological or gastrointestinal manifestations. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the atypical clinical course of chagasic cardiopathy in a pediatric patient from southern Mexico. CASE REPORT: The patient was treated by a chagoma in his left leg. Five months later an electrocardiogram showed evidence of sinus tachycardia and left atrium distension with P wave enlargement and prolonged QT interval. The thorax radiography showed cardiomegaly (Cardio-thoracic index = 0.52); the trans-thoracic echocardiogram showed left atrial and ventricular dilation. CONCLUSION: It is important to develop early cardiac evaluations even in pediatric patients with Chagas disease, it should not be assumed that the patients will undergo a long asymptomatic phase or that they will not develop an early cardiopathy.
Subject(s)
Chagas Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Child , Humans , Male , MexicoABSTRACT
La enfermedad de Chagas (ECh) o tripanosomiasis americana es una enfermedad transmitida principalmente por insectos hematófagos detectados en zonas rurales y urbanas desde México hasta Argentina. De acuerdo a la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, entre 7,7 y 10 millones de personas cursan con infección crónica. La ECh es causada por el protozoario flagelado Trypanosoma cruzi. Posterior al contacto inicial con el vector, la fase aguda es comúnmente seguida por una fase silente que dura 15-20 años antes de debutar con manifestaciones cardíacas, neurológicas o gastrointestinales. OBJETIVO: Analizar el curso clínico atípico de un caso de cardiopatía chagásica en un paciente pediátrico del sureste de México. CASO CLÍNICO: El paciente consultó al desarrollar un chagoma en la pierna izquierda. Cinco meses después, se observó en su electrocardiograma una taquicardia sinusal y un crecimiento auricular izquierdo con ondas P anchas e intervalo QT prolongado. En la radiografía de tórax se observó cardiomegalia (índice cardiotorácico = 0,52); en el ecocardiograma transtorácico mostró dilatación del atrio y ventrículo izquierdos. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante realizar evaluaciones cardíacas oportunas en pacientes pediátricos con ECh, pues no debe asumirse que cursarán con una fase silente o que debutarán tardíamente con cardiopatía.
Chagas disease also known as American Trypanosomiasis is mainly caused by haematophagous insects widely distributed from Mexico to Argentina. According to the Panamerican Health Organization, 7.7 to 10 million people are living with chronic infection. Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan transmitted by triatomine vectors. After an initial acute phase, Chagas is followed by a silent phase that lasts 15-20 years before debuting with cardiac, neurological or gastrointestinal manifestations. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the atypical clinical course of chagasic cardiopathy in a pediatric patient from southern Mexico. CASE REPORT: The patient was treated by a chagoma in his left leg. Five months later an electrocardiogram showed evidence of sinus tachycardia and left atrium distension with P wave enlargement and prolonged QT interval. The thorax radiography showed cardiomegaly (Cardio-thoracic index = 0.52); the trans-thoracic echocardiogram showed left atrial and ventricular dilation. CONCLUSION: It is important to develop early cardiac evaluations even in pediatric patients with Chagas disease, it should not be assumed that the patients will undergo a long asymptomatic phase or that they will not develop an early cardiopathy.
