Early Emotional Experiences and Prosocial Behavior among Chinese Adolescents: The Roles of Psychological Suzhi and Subjective Socioeconomic Status.

Prosocial behavior plays a vital role in adolescents' well-being and social functioning, with the recall of early emotional experiences being a major influence. Positive experiences such as early memories of warmth and safeness (EMWS) contribute to prosocial interpersonal characteristics, whereas adverse experiences such as child psychological abuse and neglect (CPAN) lead to social withdrawal or behavioral problems. The direct effects of EMWS and CPAN on prosocial behavior were investigated in this study, along with the mediation effect of psychological suzhi and the moderation effect of subjective socioeconomic status (SSS). A sample of 948 adolescents (Mage = 14.05 years, SD = 1.68 years; 43.6% females) was randomly recruited to complete self-report questionnaires. Correlation results indicated that EMWS promoted prosocial behavior, whereas CPAN was negatively associated with prosocial behavior. Path analyses confirmed the mediating role of psychological suzhi on the effects of EMWS and CPAN on prosocial behavior. SSS was shown to moderate the effects of EMWS on prosocial behavior and CPAN on psychological suzhi. Compared to lower SSS, higher SSS would reinforce the positive impact of EMWS on prosocial behavior and exacerbate the negative impact of CPAN on psychological suzhi. The current study provided new insight into understanding the underlying mechanisms of prosocial behavior from the perspective of early emotional experiences.

Oxidation of tetracycline hydrochloride with a photoenhanced MIL-101(Fe)/g-C3N4/PMS system: Synergetic effects and radical/nonradical pathways.

MIL-101(Fe)-based catalysts have been widely used for degradation of organic pollutants based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Hence, a facile calcination and hydrothermal method was used in this study to prepare a MIL-101(Fe)/g-C3N4 composite catalyst with high activity and high stability for PMS activation to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under visible-light irradiation. We clearly elucidated the mechanism involved in the MIL-101(Fe)/g-C3N4 photo Fenton-catalyzed PMS activation process by separating the PMS activation and pollutant oxidation processes. The synergetic effects of MIL-101(Fe) and g-C3N4 involved MIL-101(Fe) acting as an electron shuttle mediating electron transfer from the organic substrate to PMS, accompanied by redox cycling of the surface Fe(II)/Fe(III). Multiple experimental results indicated that PMS was bound to the surface of MIL-101(Fe)/g-C3N4 during visible irradiation and generation of sulfate radicals (SO4•-), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide anion free radicals (•O2-) for the radical pathway and singlet oxygen (1O2) and holes (h+) for the nonradical pathway. The major degradation pathways for TC can be described as demethylation, deamination, deamidation and carbonylation. This work provides valuable information and advances the fundamental understanding needed for design and syntheses of metal-free conjugated polymers modified by metal-organic frameworks for heterogeneous photo-Fenton reactions.

Negative emotions and brain: Negative emotions mediates the association between structural and functional variations in emotional-related brain regions and sleep quality.

IMPORTANCE AND STUDY OBJECTIVE: Emotion plays an important role in sleep quality, meanwhile, poor sleep quality is usually correlated with high negative emotions (NES). However, less is known about the neural basis for NES and the underlying mechanism for how NES affect individuals' sleep quality in the health brain. The present study combined voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity analysis to identify the relationship between brain regions and NES, and then explored how NES-related brain structures are related to sleep quality in a large sample of normal young adults. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: The present study used a fMRI procedure. Participants were 339 normal young adults. The NES was represented by the principal components of four measures: the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, Negative Affect Schedule, and Psychosomatic Tension Relaxation Inventory. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: Results showed that higher NES scores were associated with larger regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the left parahippocampal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus. Further functional connectivity analysis demonstrated that the connectivity between these three brain regions and a specific set of emotion-related regions was also significantly associated with NES scores. Moreover, NES acted as a mediator of the relationship between the rGMV of the left parahippocampal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus and sleep quality. NES also mediated the relationship between the connectivity between the right superior temporal-supplementary motor area and the right superior temporal-right precentral gyrus and sleep quality. CONCLUSION: The present study provides the further evidence for neural substrates of NES and reveals a potential mechanism that NES mediates the effect of spontaneous brain activity on sleep quality. Meanwhile, these findings indicate that negative emotions share a common brain structure and function based on sleep quality.

Bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among adolescents: The mediating role of psychological suzhi and the moderating role of perceived school climate.

This study explores the association between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation and determines the mediating role of psychological suzhi and the moderating role of perceived school climate. 855 (Nboy = 417, Ngirl = 438; Mage=13.18, SD = .78) students in this study from grade 7 to grade 9 completed questionnaires of the mentioned study variables. The results indicated that bullying victimization positively predicted adolescents' suicidal ideation. Psychological suzhi partially mediated the effect of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation. However, for adolescents with higher levels of perceived school climate, bullying victimization was correlated more strongly with suicidal ideation and weaker with psychological suzhi. Results meant that the more frequent and more severe the bullying, the higher the likelihood of suicidal ideation among adolescents. Psychological suzhi may act as a potential mechanism through which bullying victimization leads to suicidal ideation, nevertheless, perceived school climate not only buffered bullying victimization's effects on suicidal ideation, but also protected psychological suzhi from the negative influence of bullying.

The gray matter volume of bilateral inferior temporal gyrus in mediating the association between psychological stress and sleep quality among Chinese college students.

The role of brain regions in the relationship between psychological stress and sleep quality is unclear. This study investigates the neuroanatomical basis of the association between psychological stress and sleep quality. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Psychosomatic Tension Relaxation Inventory, and voxel-based morphometry among 318 healthy students. The results showed that psychological stress was negatively correlated with sleep quality. According to the mediation analysis results, the correlation between psychological stress and sleep quality was partially mediated by the region of the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus. These findings suggest that there is a strong link between sleep quality and psychological stress, highlighting the gray matter volume of the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus related to emotional processing, which plays an essential role in improving sleep quality.

The Effects of Angry Expressions and Fearful Expressions on Duration Perception: An ERP Study.

Little is known about the electrophysiological basis of the effect of threat-related emotional stimuli with different motivational direction on duration perception. Thus, event-related potentials were employed to examine the effects of angry expressions and fearful expressions on perception of different duration (490-910 ms). Behavioral results showed there was a greater underestimation of the duration of angry expressions (approach-motivated negative stimuli) than fearful expressions (withdrawal-motivated negative stimuli), compared with neutral expressions. Event-related potentials results showed that, the area of Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) evoked by angry expression, fearful expression and neutral expression gradually increased. These results indicated that specific electrophysiological mechanisms may underlie the attention effects of angry and fearful expressions on timing. Specifically, compared with neutral expressions, fearful expressions and angry expressions both are likely to distract more attentional resources from timer, in particular, angry expressions attract more attention resources than fearful expressions from timer. The major contribution of the current study is to provide electrophysiological evidences of fear vs. anger divergence in the aspect of time perception and to demonstrate beyond the behavioral level that the categorization of threat-related emotions should be refined so to highlight the adaptability of the human defense system.