Impact of total parenteral nutrition versus exclusive enteral nutrition on postoperative adverse outcomes in patients with penetrating Crohn's disease undergoing surgical resection: A retrospective cohort study.

Achieving optimal nutritional status in patients with penetrating Crohn's disease (CD) is crucial in preparing for surgical resection. However, there is a dearth of literature comparing the efficacy of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) versus exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in optimizing postoperative outcomes. Hence, we conducted a case-matched study to assess the impact of preoperative EEN versus TPN on the incidence of postoperative adverse outcomes, encompassing overall postoperative morbidity and stoma formation, among penetrating CD patients undergoing bowel surgery. From December 1, 2012 to December 1, 2021, a retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary center to enroll consecutive patients with penetrating CD who underwent surgical resection. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to compare the incidence of postoperative adverse outcomes. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors associated with adverse outcomes. The study included 510 patients meeting the criteria. Among them, 101 patients in the TPN group showed significant improvements in laboratory indicators at the time of surgery compared to pre-optimization levels. After matching, TPN was increased occurrence of postoperative adverse outcomes (92.2% vs. 64.1%, p = 0.001) when compared to EEN group. In the multivariate analysis, TPN showed a significantly higher odds ratio for adverse outcomes than EEN (OR = 4.241; 95% CI 1.567-11.478; p = 0.004). The study revealed that penetrating CD patients who were able to fulfill their nutritional requirements through EEN exhibited superior nutritional and surgical outcomes in comparison to those who received TPN.

Strong coupling of metamaterials with cavity photons: toward non-Hermitian optics.

The investigation of strong coupling between light and matter is an important field of research. Its significance arises not only from the emergence of a plethora of intriguing chemical and physical phenomena, often novel and unexpected, but also from its provision of important tool sets for the design of core components for novel chemical, electronic, and photonic devices such as quantum computers, lasers, amplifiers, modulators, sensors and more. Strong coupling has been demonstrated for various material systems and spectral regimes, each exhibiting unique features and applications. In this perspective, we will focus on a sub-field of this domain of research and discuss the strong coupling between metamaterials and photonic cavities at THz frequencies. The metamaterials, themselves electromagnetic resonators, serve as "artificial atoms". We provide a concise overview of recent advances and outline possible research directions in this vital and impactful field of interdisciplinary science.

Two-stage sparse multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for channel selection optimization in BCIs.

Background: Channel selection has become the pivotal issue affecting the widespread application of non-invasive brain-computer interface systems in the real world. However, constructing suitable multi-objective problem models alongside effective search strategies stands out as a critical factor that impacts the performance of multi-objective channel selection algorithms. This paper presents a two-stage sparse multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (TS-MOEA) to address channel selection problems in brain-computer interface systems. Methods: In TS-MOEA, a two-stage framework, which consists of the early and late stages, is adopted to prevent the algorithm from stagnating. Furthermore, The two stages concentrate on different multi-objective problem models, thereby balancing convergence and population diversity in TS-MOEA. Inspired by the sparsity of the correlation matrix of channels, a sparse initialization operator, which uses a domain-knowledge-based score assignment strategy for decision variables, is introduced to generate the initial population. Moreover, a Score-based mutation operator is utilized to enhance the search efficiency of TS-MOEA. Results: The performance of TS-MOEA and five other state-of-the-art multi-objective algorithms has been evaluated using a 62-channel EEG-based brain-computer interface system for fatigue detection tasks, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of TS-MOEA. Conclusion: The proposed two-stage framework can help TS-MOEA escape stagnation and facilitate a balance between diversity and convergence. Integrating the sparsity of the correlation matrix of channels and the problem-domain knowledge can effectively reduce the computational complexity of TS-MOEA while enhancing its optimization efficiency.

Tailored interface engineering of Co3Fe7/Fe3C heterojunctions for enhancing oxygen reduction reaction in zinc-air batteries.

The rational construction of highly active and robust non-precious metal oxygen reduction electrocatalysts is a vital factor to facilitate commercial applications of Zn-air batteries. In this study, a precise and stable heterostructure, comprised of a coupling of Co3Fe7 and Fe3C, was constructed through an interface engineering-induced strategy. The coordination polymerization of the resin with the bimetallic components was meticulously regulated to control the interfacial characteristics of the heterostructure. The synergistic interfacial effects of the heterostructure successfully facilitated electron coupling and rapid charge transfer. Consequently, the optimized CST-FeCo displayed superb oxygen reduction catalytic activity with a positive half-wave potential of 0.855 V vs. RHE. Furthermore, the CST-FeCo air electrode of the liquid zinc-air battery revealed a large specific capacity of 805.6 mAh gZn-1, corresponding to a remarkable peak power density of 162.7 mW cm-2, and a long charge/discharge cycle stability of 220 h, surpassing that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst.

Adjuvants for cancer mRNA vaccines in the era of nanotechnology: strategies, applications, and future directions.

Research into mRNA vaccines is advancing rapidly, with proven efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 and promising therapeutic potential against a variety of solid tumors. Adjuvants, critical components of mRNA vaccines, significantly enhance vaccine effectiveness and are integral to numerous mRNA vaccine formulations. However, the development and selection of adjuvant platforms are still in their nascent stages, and the mechanisms of many adjuvants remain poorly understood. Additionally, the immunostimulatory capabilities of certain novel drug delivery systems (DDS) challenge the traditional definition of adjuvants, suggesting that a revision of this concept is necessary. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms and applications of adjuvants and self-adjuvant DDS. It thoroughly addresses existing issues mentioned above and details three main challenges of immune-related adverse event, unclear mechanisms, and unsatisfactory outcomes in old age group in the design and practical application of cancer mRNA vaccine adjuvants. Ultimately, this review proposes three optimization strategies which consists of exploring the mechanisms of adjuvant, optimizing DDS, and improving route of administration to improve effectiveness and application of adjuvants and self-adjuvant DDS.

Adult craniopharyngioma concomitant with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: incidence, risk factors, and treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVE: Concomitant unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) pose a challenge for surgical management. This study presents the largest known single-institution case series to investigate the incidence of UIA in CP patients, with the aim of exploring the potential risk factors for the occurrence of UIA in CP patients and proposing treatment strategies. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 289 adult CP patients treated in their department between January 2020 and August 2022. Routine CT angiography (CTA) was performed preoperatively in all cases. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of aneurysms. Aneurysms with the following characteristics were considered to have a high risk of intraoperative rupture and required treatment before tumor resection: 1) preliminary assessment of a high inherent risk of rupture (risk of rupture in their natural progression); and 2) location close to the tumor, irregular shape, and/or growth toward the tumor, even if the preliminary assessment indicated a low inherent risk of rupture. RESULTS: Twenty-three of 289 CP patients (7.96%, 95% CI 5.36-11.6) were diagnosed with both CP and UIA (CP-UIA). Hypertension (OR 4.148, 95% CI 1.654-10.398; p = 0.002), estrogen deficiency (OR 3.097, 95% CI 1.241-7.731; p = 0.015), and suprasellar tumor (OR 4.316, 95% CI 1.596-11.67; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in CP patients. Among the 23 CP-UIA patients, 6 (26.1%) with a high risk of aneurysm rupture underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) before tumor resection. Seventeen (73.9%) patients with a low risk of rupture underwent tumor resection only. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of IA in patients with CP was higher than that in the general population. Routine preoperative CTA is advised for adult CP patients. Patients with papillary CP exhibited a higher proportion of CP-UIAs. Older age, hypertension, estrogen deficiency, and suprasellar tumor were independent risk factors for the occurrence of IAs in CP patients. IAs in CP patients are predominantly located in the C6 and C7 segments of the internal carotid artery and are often suitable for EVT. When treating CP-UIAs, tumor-related symptoms, risk of aneurysm rupture, the spatial relationship between the tumor and IA, and the approach for tumor resection should be considered.

In vivo reactive astrocyte imaging using [18F]SMBT-1 in tauopathy and familial Alzheimer's disease mouse models: A multi-tracer study.

BACKGROUND: Reactive astrocytes play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathies. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationships between reactive astrocytes. Microgliosis and glucose metabolism with Tau and amyloid beta pathology by using multi-tracer imaging in widely used tauopathy and familial Alzheimer's disease mouse models. RESULTS: Positron emission tomography imaging using [18F]PM-PBB3 (tau), [18F]florbetapir (amyloid-beta), [18F]SMBT-1 (monoamine oxidase-B), [18F]DPA-714 (translocator protein) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose was carried out in 3- and 7-month-old rTg4510 tau mice, 5 × FAD familial Alzheimer's disease mice and wild-type mice. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to validate the pathological distribution in the mouse brain after in vivo imaging. We found increased regional levels of [18F]PM-PBB3, [18F]SMBT-1, and [18F]DPA-714 and hypoglucose metabolism in the brains of 7-month-old rTg4510 mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Increased [18F]SMBT-1 uptake was observed in the brains of 3, 7-month-old 5 × FAD mice, with elevated regional [18F]florbetapir and [18F]DPA-714 uptakes in the brains of 7-month-old 5 × FAD mice, compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Positive correlations were shown between [18F]SMBT-1 and [18F]PM-PBB3, [18F]DPA-714 and [18F]PM-PBB3 in rTg4510 mice, and between [18F]florbetapir and [18F]DPA-714 SUVRs in 5 × FAD mice. CONCLUSION: In summary, these findings provide in vivo evidence that reactive astrocytes, microglial activation, and cerebral hypoglucose metabolism are associated with tau and amyloid pathology development in animal models of tauopathy and familial Alzheimer's disease.

Development of lignin-based 3D-printable light responsive shape memory materials: Design of optically controlled devices.

This study employs simple approaches involving melt blending and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing to fabricate a light-responsive shape memory composite. And, this composite material is used for the design of optically controlled devices that mimics the blooming of flowers in the natural environment. The composite material utilizes poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the matrix, with lignin (L) serving as a functional filler. The analysis indicates that, due to the excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of lignin, under constant illumination the shape memory materials heat up to 50 °C within 40 s, the shape recovery rate exceeds 95.06 %. Lignin ameliorated the rheological deficiencies of TPU, with the composite material viscosity decreasing from 103 to 101 at an angular frequency of 100 rad/s, enhancing its compatibility with FDM processes. This research offers greater economic efficiency compared to conventional light-responsive materials and a simpler production method.

Coverage of the Combined DTaP-IPV/Hib Vaccine Among Children Aged 2-18 Months - 9 PLADs, China, 2019-2021.

What is already known on this topic?: In China, there is limited data available on the use and coverage of the non-program, combined diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis adsorbed, inactivated poliovirus and haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV/Hib) pentavalent vaccine, and its role as a substitute for the separately administered standalone program vaccines. What is added by this report?: We evaluated the use and coverage of the pentavalent vaccine in nine provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) spanning eastern, central, and western China from 2019 to 2021. Initial use and coverage were low, but demonstrated annual growth albeit with regional and urban-rural discrepancies. The pentavalent vaccine was increasingly substituted for standalone vaccines over the course of this period. What are the implications for public health practice?: Parents in China are increasingly opting to replace the standard program vaccines with voluntarily purchased combination vaccines, particularly the pentavalent vaccine. The development of combination vaccines should thus be promoted in China, as it could enhance utilization and coverage rates, and decrease the economic burden.

Estimated Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Coverage Among Females 9-45 Years of Age - China, 2017-2022.

What is already known on this topic?: There is a lack of comprehensive data on the coverage of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in China. The limited published literature hampers our ability to accurately assess the current situation. What is added by this report?: This study aimed to determine the rates of HPV vaccine coverage based on data from the electronic vaccination registry reported to the China Immunization Information System between 2017 and 2022. While there was an increase in HPV vaccine coverage each year, the overall coverage remained below the optimal level. What are the implications for public health practice?: This study presents evidence of low HPV vaccine coverage when administered outside of a national immunization program. Therefore, it is recommended that the HPV vaccine be included in the National Immunization Program in order to meet the 2030 WHO target of achieving 90% vaccination coverage for girls by the age of 15.

Low Temperature (Down to 6 K) and Quantum Transport Characteristics of Stacked Nanosheet Transistors with a High-K/Metal Gate-Last Process.

Silicon qubits based on specific SOI FinFETs and nanowire (NW) transistors have demonstrated promising quantum properties and the potential application of advanced Si CMOS devices for future quantum computing. In this paper, for the first time, the quantum transport characteristics for the next-generation transistor structure of a stack nanosheet (NS) FET and the innovative structure of a fishbone FET are explored. Clear structures are observed by TEM, and their low-temperature characteristics are also measured down to 6 K. Consistent with theoretical predictions, greatly enhanced switching behavior characterized by the reduction of off-state leakage current by one order of magnitude at 6 K and a linear decrease in the threshold voltage with decreasing temperature is observed. A quantum ballistic transport, particularly notable at shorter gate lengths and lower temperatures, is also observed, as well as an additional bias of about 1.3 mV at zero bias due to the asymmetric barrier. Additionally, fishbone FETs, produced by the incomplete nanosheet release in NSFETs, exhibit similar electrical characteristics but with degraded quantum transport due to additional SiGe channels. These can be improved by adjusting the ratio of the channel cross-sectional areas to match the dielectric constants.

SCC3 is an axial element essential for homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis.

Cohesin is a multi-subunit protein that plays a pivotal role in holding sister chromatids together during cell division. Sister chromatid cohesion 3 (SCC3), constituents of cohesin complex, is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. Since the deletion of individual cohesin subunit always causes lethality, it is difficult to dissect its biological function in both mitosis and meiosis. Here, we obtained scc3 weak mutants using CRISPR-Cas9 system to explore its function during rice mitosis and meiosis. The scc3 weak mutants displayed obvious vegetative defects and complete sterility, underscoring the essential roles of SCC3 in both mitosis and meiosis. SCC3 is localized on chromatin from interphase to prometaphase in mitosis. However, in meiosis, SCC3 acts as an axial element during early prophase I and subsequently situates onto centromeric regions following the disassembly of the synaptonemal complex. The loading of SCC3 onto meiotic chromosomes depends on REC8. scc3 shows severe defects in homologous pairing and synapsis. Consequently, SCC3 functions as an axial element that is essential for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis.

Toxicology assessment of deep-sea mining impacts on Gigantidas platifrons: A comparative in situ and laboratory metal exposure study.

Deep-sea toxicology is essential for deep-sea environmental impact assessment. Yet most toxicology experiments are conducted solely in laboratory settings, overlooking the complexities of the deep-sea environment. Here we carried out metal exposure experiments in both the laboratory and in situ, to compare and evaluate the response patterns of Gigantidas platifrons to metal exposure (copper [Cu] or cadmium [Cd] at 100 µg/L for 48 h). Metal concentrations, traditional biochemical parameters, and fatty acid composition were assessed in deep-sea mussel gills. The results revealed significant metal accumulation in deep-sea mussel gills in both laboratory and in situ experiments. Metal exposure could induce oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, an immune response, altered energy metabolism, and changes to fatty acid composition in mussel gills. Interestingly, the metal accumulating capability, biochemical response patterns, and fatty acid composition each varied under differing experimental systems. In the laboratory setting, Cd-exposed mussels exhibited a higher value for integrated biomarker response (IBR) while in situ the Cu-exposed mussels instead displayed a higher IBR value. This study emphasizes the importance of performing deep-sea toxicology experiments in situ and contributes valuable data to a standardized workflow for deep-sea toxicology assessment.

Physical Activity Decreases Inflammation and Delays Development of Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a deadly disease with limited preventive strategies. Lifestyle interventions to decrease obesity represent a potential approach to prevent obesity-associated PDAC. Here, we examined whether decreasing obesity through physical activity (PA) and/or dietary changes could decrease inflammation in humans and prevent obesity-associated PDAC in mice. Comparison of circulating inflammatory-associated cytokines in subjects (overweight and obese) before and after a PA intervention revealed PA lowered systemic inflammatory cytokines. Mice with pancreatic-specific inducible KrasG12D expression were exposed to PA and/or dietary interventions during and after obesity-associated cancer initiation. In mice with concurrent diet-induced obesity (DIO) and KrasG12D expression, the PA intervention led to lower weight gain, suppressed systemic inflammation, delayed tumor progression, and decreased pro-inflammatory signals in the adipose tissue. However, these benefits were not as evident when obesity preceded pancreatic KrasG12D expression. Combining PA with diet-induced weight loss (DI-WL) delayed obesity-associated PDAC progression in the genetically engineered mouse model, but neither PA alone nor combined with DI-WL or chemotherapy prevented PDAC tumor growth in orthotopic PDAC models regardless of obesity status. PA led to upregulation of IL-15ra in adipose tissue. Adipose-specific overexpression of IL-15 slowed PDAC growth but only in non-obese mice. Overall, our study suggests that PA alone or combined with DI-WL can reduce inflammation and delay obesity-associated PDAC development or progression. Lifestyle interventions that prevent or manage obesity or therapies that target weight loss-related molecular pathways could prevent progression of PDAC.

JWA binding to NCOA4 alleviates degeneration in dopaminergic neurons through suppression of ferritinophagy in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) poses a significant challenge in neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The intricate mechanisms orchestrating DA neurodegeneration in PD are not fully understood, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have implicated ferroptosis as a major contributor to the loss of DA neurons, revealing a complex interplay between iron accumulation and neurodegeneration. However, the sophisticated nature of this process challenges the conventional belief that mere iron removal could effectively prevent DA neuronal ferroptosis. Here, we report JWA, alternatively referred to as ARL6IP5, as a negative regulator of ferroptosis, capable of ameliorating DA neuronal loss in the context of PD. In this study, synchronized expression patterns of JWA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in PD patients and mice were observed, underscoring the importance of JWA for DA neuronal survival. Screening of ferroptosis-related genes unraveled the engagement of iron metabolism in the JWA-dependent inhibition of DA neuronal ferroptosis. Genetic manipulation of JWA provided compelling evidence linking its neuroprotective effects to the attenuation of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. Molecular docking, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence studies confirmed that JWA mitigated DA neuronal ferroptosis by occupying the ferritin binding site of NCOA4. Moreover, the JWA-activating compound, JAC4, demonstrated promising neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal PD models by elevating JWA expression, offering a potential avenue for neuroprotection in PD. Collectively, our work establishes JWA as a novel regulator of ferritinophagy, presenting a promising therapeutic target for addressing DA neuronal ferroptosis in PD.

Regulation of TAK-TAB Complex Activation through Ubiquitylation.

Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) activated kinase 1 (TAK1), also named mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7), forms a pivotal signaling complex with TAK1-binding proteins (TAB1, TAB2, and TAB3), orchestrating critical biological processes, including immune responses, cell growth, apoptosis, and stress responses. Activation of TAK1 by stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), underscores its central role in cellular signaling. Given the critical role of the TAK1-binding protein (TAK1-TAB) complex in cellular signaling and its impact on various biological processes, this review seeks to understand how ubiquitination thoroughly regulates the TAK1-TAB complex. This understanding is vital for developing targeted therapies for diseases where this signaling pathway is dysregulated. The exploration is significant as it unveils new insights into the activity, stability, and assembly of the complex, underscoring its therapeutic potential in disease modulation.

Nomogram Predicts Prognostic Factors for Head and Neck Cutaneous Melanoma: A Population-Based Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The head and neck cutaneous melanoma (HNCM) accounts for 20% of newly diagnosed melanoma. Research on prognostic models for their survival yet remains largely unexplored. This study employed a nomogram approach to develop and validate a predictive model for both overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with HNCM. METHODS: This study analyzed the HNCM patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. To identify independent prognostic factors for HNCM, we integrated results from univariate Cox regression analysis, random survival forests, and LASSO regression with cross-validation. A nomogram was designed and validated based on the identified characteristics to predict the 3-, 5-, and 8-year OS and DSS of patients with HNCM. RESULTS: Age, Stage, Ulceration, Thickness, Chemotherapy, lymph node metastasis, and Radiation were identified as independent prognostic factors. The nomogram achieved a satisfactory performance with C-indices of 0.824(DSS) and 0.757(OS) in the training cohort and 0.827(DSS) and 0.749(OS) in the validation cohort, respectively. The area under the curves for the OS at 3, 5, and 8 years were 0.789, 0.788, and 0.794 for the training cohort, and 0.778, 0.776, and 0.795 for the validation cohort, respectively. For DSS, the area under the curves at 3, 5, and 8 years were 0.859, 0.842, and 0.828 in the training cohort, and 0.864, 0.844, and 0.834 in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve showed that there was a strong correlation between the observed outcomes and the predicted survival probability. CONCLUSIONS: This study established and validated predictive nomograms for HNCM patients with robust predictive performance.

Longitudinal study on the trajectory and influencing factors of cognitive dysfunction in lung transplantation patients.

INTRODUCTION: Lung transplantation is an effective method for treating end-stage lung disease. It prolongs the survival time of patients, improves the quality of life, and prevents the degree of mental disability. In particular, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of the complications after lung transplantation. Despite this, longitudinal studies on the identification and heterogeneity of cognitive dysfunction subgroup trajectories in transplant patients are lacking. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the factors that influence POCD in lung transplant patients. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study included patients who underwent lung transplantation at the transplant center of Wuxi People's Hospital from September 2022 to September 2023. Patients with lung transplants were evaluated at 8 days (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) after the operation. The general information questionnaire evaluated cognitive functions using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) numerical rating scale (NRS) and the digital pain assessment to obtain the POCD values. Latent category growth model (LCGM) analysis was used to identify heterogeneous POCD subgroups in the four observation periods. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting POCD classification and independent risk factors. RESULTS: Based on clinical outcomes, 79 patients completed all four surveys, of whom 16 were lost during the follow-up period (loss rate, 16.8%). The cognitive function by MoCA NRS score was 14.18 ± 5.32 points on day 8 (T1), 22.51 ± 5.13 points at 1 month (T2), 25.44 ± 3.61 at 3 months (T3), and 27.04 ± 3.03 points at 6 months (T4) after lung transplantation, showing an increasing trend. The LCGM, used to fit the trajectory of MoCA scores, observed a heterogeneous trajectory of changes in lung transplant patients. Based on this analysis, patients could be divided into two categories: those with high risk (25,32%) and those with low risk (54,68%). The single-factor analysis identified that POCD values were affected by early postoperative rehabilitation exercise, degree of pain, intensive care unit (ICU) stay time, and donor lung cold ischemia time (all P < 0.05). Using the low-risk group as the reference class, logistic regression analysis showed that the model could correctly classify the subjects. CONCLUSION: Our 6-month observation of lung transplant patients showed that the degree of cognitive dysfunction had an overall downward trend and that patients could be divided into two trajectories of high and low risk for POCD. Early postoperative rehabilitation exercise, degree of pain, ICU stay time, and donor lung cold ischemia time were all influencing factors for POCD in lung transplant patients.

Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy after stroke: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The vaccination status of post-stroke patients, who are at high risk of severe outcomes from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a significant concern, yet it remains unclear. We aimed to explore the vaccination status, factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, and adverse effects after vaccination among post-stroke patients. METHODS: This multi-center observational study enrolled hospitalized post-stroke patients from six Chinese hospitals (Oct 1, 2020 - Mar 31, 2021), examining vaccine uptake and self-reported reasons for vaccine hesitancy, utilizing logistic regression to investigate risk factors for vaccine hesitancy, and recording any adverse reactions post-vaccination. RESULTS: Of the total 710 post-stroke patients included in the study, 430 (60.6%) had completed the recommended full-3 dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with 176 (24.8%) remaining unvaccinated. The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were concerns about vaccine side effects (41.5%) and impaired mobility (33.9%). Logistic regression identified advanced age (aOR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.36-2.85, P = 0.001), lower Barthel Index score (aOR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.82-0.93, P = 0.018), higher Modified Rankin Scale score (aOR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.32-2.56, P = 0.004), and poorer usual activity level of EuroQol 5-Dimension (aOR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.51-5.28, P = 0.001) as independent risk factors for vaccine hesitancy. Approximately 14.8% reported minor adverse reactions, mainly pain at the injection site. CONCLUSION: We found that post-stroke patients have insufficient SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rates, with key risk factors for vaccine hesitancy including concerns about side effects, advanced age, and functional impairments. No severe adverse reactions were observed among the vaccinated population.

Three-dimensional chromatin landscapes in somatotroph tumour.

BACKGROUND: The three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture plays a critical role inregulating gene expression. However, the specific alterations in thisarchitecture within somatotroph tumors and their implications for gene expression remain largely unexplored. METHODS: We employed Hi-C and RNA-seq analyses to compare the 3D genomic structures of somatotroph tumors with normal pituitary tissue. This comprehensive approachenabled the characterization of A/B compartments, topologically associateddomains (TADs), and chromatin loops, integrating these with gene expression patterns. RESULTS: We observed a decrease in both the frequency of chromosomal interactions andthe size of TADs in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Conversely, the number of TADs and chromatin loops was found to be increased in tumors. Integrated analysis of Hi-C and RNA-seq data demonstrated that changes inhigher-order chromat in structure were associated with alterations in gene expression. Specifically, genes in A compartments showed higher density and increased expression relative to those in B compartments. Moreover, the weakand enhanced insulation boundaries were identified, and the associated genes were enriched in the Wnt/ß-Catenin signaling pathway. We identified the gainedand lost loops in tumor and integrated these differences with transcriptional changes to examine the functional relevance of the identified loops. Notably, we observed an enhanced insulation boundary and a greater number of loops in the TCF7L2 gene region within tumors, which was accompanied by an upregulation of TCF7L2 expression. Subsequently, TCF7L2 expression was confirmed through qRT-PCR, and upregulated TCF7L2 prompted cell proliferation and growth hormone (GH) secretion in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our results provide comprehensive 3D chromatin architecture maps of somatotroph tumors and offer a valuable resource for furthering the understanding of the underlying biology and mechanisms of gene expression regulation.