ABSTRACT
This study reports the etiological identification, clinical diagnosis, and the results of the local epidemiological surveillance of the first case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection in 2014 in Hunan Province, China. The infected patient was isolated and closely monitored. The virus is a member of the Bunyaviridae sandfly family and is characterized by real-time PCR, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and whole-genome sequencing. We also detected IgG and IgM antibodies against SFTSV among the local human population and domestic animals in a serological surveillance. Prevalence of SFTSV-specific antibodies was monitored in the local population for two years after the identification of the first SFTS case. Approximately 5% (4/77) of the people who had direct contact with the patient were seropositive, which is significantly higher than the seropositivity of the general local population [1.57% (44/2800), P < 0.05]. Furthermore, the percentage of the general population who were seropositive was higher in 2015 than in 2014 (χ2 = 7.481, P = 0.006). The epidemiological investigation found that the SFTSV is epidemic in goats, cattle, and chickens in Hunan Province. The risk of infection of domestic animals can be minimized by feeding in pens rather than allowing foraging.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Bunyaviridae Infections/diagnosis , Epidemiological Monitoring , Phlebovirus/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Animals, Domestic/virology , Bunyaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Farmers , Female , Fever , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Middle Aged , Phlebovirus/genetics , Prevalence , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Serologic Tests , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution and diffusion in main drainages of Hexi Reservoir and evaluate the snail control effect of the schistosomiasis control engineering of Hexi Reservoir. METHODS: The O. hupensis snails were investigated by using the straw curtain method and fishing net method in different areas of the main drainages of Hexi Reservoir, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1 800 straw curtains were used and 37 snails were found in Naxi stream. Totally 5 870 kg floats were salved and no snails were found. CONCLUSION: The schistosomiasis control engineering of Hexi Reservoir is effective in the prevention of the snail diffusion, but there are still snails in the upstream. rherefore, the snail surveillance and control need to be strengthened.
Subject(s)
Fresh Water/parasitology , Snails/growth & development , Animals , China , Disease Reservoirs/parasitology , Humans , Population Dynamics , Schistosoma/isolation & purification , Schistosoma/physiology , Schistosomiasis/parasitology , Schistosomiasis/transmission , Snails/parasitologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control projects in Hexi Reservoir on Oncomelania hupensis snail control. METHODS: The canal hardening + main water system widening + the overflow dam project, the concrete slope protection, the banking and reclamation + concrete slope protection project, the environment reform project, and the comprehensive treatment were implemented in the tail area, the hydro-fluctuation belt, the rainwater harvesting zoon of the upstream area, the dam area, and the downstream area of the reservoir, respectively. The changes of the snail situation were investigated before and after the construction of the reservoir, and the snail control effects of the schistosomiasis control projects in different parts of the reservoir were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no Oncomelania snails found 3 years in the bottom area, dam area, hydro-fluctuation belt, tail region and downstream of the dam after the construction and storage of the reservoir and the implementation of the schistosomiasis control projects. In the rainwater harvesting zoon of the upstream area, the density of living snails decreased from 0.620 4 snails/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0.113 2 snails/0.1 m2 in 2013, but the snail area still remained. CONCLUSIONS: The schistosomiasis control projects in Hexi Reservoir have effectively prevented the diffusion of Oncomelania snails from the rainwater harvesting zone of the upstream area to the dam area, and they are effective in the snail control.
