Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by high mortality and low rates of full recovery. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SAH between 1990 and 2021. METHODS: Data on SAH incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to evaluate changes in the age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence and mortality, as well as trends in SAH burden. The relationship between disease burden and sociodemographic index (SDI) was also analyzed. RESULTS: In 2021, the incidence of SAH was found to be 37.09% higher than that in 1990; however, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) showed a decreased [EAPC: -1.52; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) -1.66 to -1.37]. Furthermore, both the number and rates of deaths and DALYs decreased over time. It was observed that females had lower rates compared to males. Among all regions, the high-income Asia Pacific region exhibited the highest ASIR (14.09/100,000; 95% UI 12.30/100,000 - 16.39/100,000) in 2021, with an EPAC for ASIR < 0 indicating decreasing trend over time for SAH ASIR. Oceania recorded the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and age-standardized DALYs rates among all regions in 2021 at values of respectively 8.61 (95% UI 6.03 - 11.95) and 285.62 (95% UI 209.42 - 379.65). The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50 - 69 years old. Metabolic risks particularly elevated systolic blood pressure were identified as the main risk factors contributing towards increased disease burden associated with SAH when compared against environmental or occupational behavioral risks evaluated within the GBD framework. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of SAH varies by gender, age group, and geographical region. Although the ASRs have shown a decline over time, the burden of SAH remains significant, especially in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. More specific supportive measures are necessary to alleviate the global burden of SAH.

LncRNA CASC11 upregulation promotes HDAC4 to alleviate oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells.

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are essential to regulate the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was conducted to analyze the functionality of long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 11 (lncRNA CASC11) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). CMECs were treated with ox-LDL to induce the CAD cell model. The cellular expression levels of CASC11 and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. Cell absorbance, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, tube formation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The subcellular localization of CASC11 was examined by the nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation assay. The binding of human antigen R (HuR) to CASC11 and HDAC4 was analyzed by RNA immunoprecipitation. HDAC4 stability was determined after actinomycin D treatment. CASC11 was found to be decreased in the CAD cell model. CASC11 upregulation increased cell viability and angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis and inflammation. CASC11 bound to HuR and improved HDAC4 expression. HDAC4 downregulation counteracted the protective role of CASC11 overexpression in CMECs. In summary, CASC11 alleviated ox-LDL-induced injury of CMECs by binding to HuR and stabilizing HDAC4.

Sulfur-Bridged Co(II)-Thiacalix[4]arene Metal-Organic Framework as an Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Toxic Heavy Metals.

A novel sulfur-bridged metal-organic framework (MOF) [Co(TIC4R-I)0.25Cl2]·3CH3OH (Co-TIC4R-I) based on thiacalix[4]arene derivatives was successfully obtained using a solvothermal method. Remarkably, adjacent TIC4R-I ligands were linked via Co(II) cations to form a three-dimensional (3D) microporous architecture. Subsequently, Co-TIC4R-I was modified on a glassy carbon electrode (Co-TIC4R-I/GCE) to produce an electrochemical sensor for the detection of heavy-metal ions (HMIs), namely, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, in aqueous solutions. It was found that Co-TIC4R-I/GCE exhibited wide linear detection ranges of 0.10-17.00, 0.05-16.00, 0.05-10.00, and 0.80-15.00 µM for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, respectively, in addition to low limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.017, 0.008, 0.016, and 0.007 µM. Moreover, the fabricated sensor employed for the simultaneous detection of these metals has achieved LOD values of 0.0067, 0.0027, 0.0064, and 0.0037 µM for Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, respectively. The sensor also exhibited satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Furthermore, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ were 3.29, 3.73, 3.11, and 1.97%, respectively. Moreover, the fabricated sensor could sensitively detect HMIs in various environmental samples. The high performance of the sensor was attributed to its sulfur adsorption sites and abundant phenyl rings. Overall, the sensor described herein provides an efficient method for the determination of extremely low concentrations of HMIs in aqueous samples.

Transmissive coding metasurface with dual-circularly polarized multi-beam.

The Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase can be used to control the phase of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. However, there are few studies on the modulation of dual-circularly polarized multi-beam using the transmissive coding metasurface. A scheme of spin-controlling multi-beam by transmissive coding metasurface is proposed for dual-circular polarization simultaneously. The transmissive coding metasurface (TCMS) can transmit linearly polarized incidence into multi-beam with orthogonally circular polarization. The phase distribution is designed based the convolution theorem, and the elements of metasurface conforming to the PB phase are arranged according to the phase distribution. In order to compensate the emitting spherical waves into plane waves and realize the transmissive waves with dual-circular polarization, an interesting scheme of elements in different regions with different rotating phase are presented based on the principle of phase compensation. TCMS can transmit linearly polarized waves into two left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) beams and two right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) beams. The prototype of TCMS is fabricated and measured, and the experimental results agree well with the simulated data. The transmissive metasurface has potential application in holograms and satellite communication.

Cellular messengers involved in the inhibition of the Arabidopsis primary root growth by bacterial quorum-sensing signal N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone.

BACKGROUND: N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are used as quorum-sensing signals by Gram-negative bacteria, but they can also affect plant growth and disease resistance. N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) is an AHL that has been shown to inhibit primary root growth in Arabidopsis, but the mechanisms underlying its effects on root architecture are unclear. Here, we investigated the signaling components involved in C10-HSL-mediated inhibition of primary root growth in Arabidopsis, and their interplay, using pharmacological, physiological, and genetic approaches. RESULTS: Treatment with C10-HSL triggered a transient and immediate increase in the concentrations of cytosolic free Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6), and induced nitric oxide (NO) production in Arabidopsis roots. Inhibitors of Ca2+ channels significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of C10-HSL on primary root growth and reduced the amounts of ROS and NO generated in response to C10-HSL. Inhibition or scavenging of ROS and NO neutralized the inhibitory effect of C10-HSL on primary root growth. In terms of primary root growth, the respiratory burst oxidase homolog mutants and a NO synthase mutant were less sensitive to C10-HSL than wild type. Activation of MPKs, especially MPK6, was required for C10-HSL to inhibit primary root growth. The mpk6 mutant showed reduced sensitivity of primary root growth to C10-HSL, suggesting that MPK6 plays a key role in the inhibition of primary root growth by C10-HSL. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that MPK6 acts downstream of ROS and upstream of NO in the response to C10-HSL. Our data also suggest that Ca2+, ROS, MPK6, and NO are all involved in the response to C10-HSL, and may participate in the cascade leading to C10-HSL-inhibited primary root growth in Arabidopsis.

Multifunctional Coding-Feeding Metasurface Based on Phase Manipulation.

Multiple functionalities on a shared aperture are crucial for metasurfaces (MSs) in many applications. In this paper, we propose a coding-feeding metasurface (CFMS) with the multiple functions of high-gain radiation, orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation, and radar cross-section (RCS) reduction based on phase manipulation. The unit cell of the CFMS is composed of a rectangular emission patch and two quasi-Minkowski patches for reflective phase manipulation, which are on a shared aperture. The high-gain radiation and multiple modes of ±1, ±2, and ±3 OAM generation were realized by rationally setting the elements and the phase of their excitation. The CFMS presents a broadband RCS reduction of 8 dB from 3.18 GHz to 7.56 GHz for y-polarization and dual-band RCS reduction for x-polarization based on phase interference. To validate the concept of the CFMS, a prototype was fabricated and measured. The results of the measurement agree well with the simulation. A CFMS with the advantages of light weight and low profile has potential application in detection and wireless communication systems for stealth aircraft.

Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis : A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is not wellunderstood. This study evaluates the effectiveness of DWI in the diagnosis of CVT. METHODS: Literature search was conducted in electronic databases for the identification of studies which reported the outcomes of patients subjected to DWI for CVT diagnosis. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to achieve overall estimates of important diagnostic efficiency indices including hyperintense signal rate, the sensitivity and specificity of DWI in diagnosing CVT, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of DWI signal areas and surrounding tissue. RESULTS: Nineteen studies (443 patients with 856 CVTs; age 40 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 33 to 43]; 28% males [95% CI, 18 to 38]; symptom onset to DWI time 4.6 days [95% CI, 2.3 to 6.9]) were included. Hyperintense signals on DWI were detected in 40% (95% CI, 26 to 55) of the cases. The sensitivity of DWI for detecting CVT was 22% (95% CI, 11 to 34) but specificity was 98% (95% CI, 95 to 100). ADC values were quite heterogenous in DWI signal areas. However, generally the ADC values were lower in DWI signal areas than in surrounding normal areas (mean difference-0.33×10-3 mm2/s [95% CI, -0.44 to -0.23]; p<0.00001). CONCLUSION: DWI has a low sensitivity in detecting CVT and thus has a high risk of missing many CVT cases. However, because of its high specificity, it may have supporting and exploratory roles in CVT diagnosis.

Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Costunolide-Induced MCF-7 Cells Apoptosis by Multi-Spectroscopy, Molecular Docking and Cell Experiments.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer with high morbidity and mortality in women. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of costunolide inducing MCF-7 cells apoptosis by multi-spectroscopy, molecular docking, and cell experiments. The results manifested that costunolide interacted with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) in a spontaneous manner, and the minor groove as the preferential binding mode. Furthermore, costunolide inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that cell apoptosis induced by costunolide might be related to DNA damage. The apoptosis mechanism relied on regulating the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, p53, Caspase-3 and the activation of p38MAPK and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways. This study will provide some experimental basis and potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.

Incidence and clinical significance of abnormalities in potassium, sodium and calcium levels in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the incidence and clinical significance of sodium, potassium and calcium electrolyte disturbances in elderly patients with hip fracture before an operation. METHODS: The clinical data of 220 patients with intertrochanteric fracture and 261 patients with femoral neck fracture from September 2013 to December 2016 in our hospital (≥60 years old) was reviewed. The sodium, potassium and calcium values, and the underlying diseases of patients were recorded after the first blood test. These patients were divided into two groups according to the fracture site: femoral neck fracture group and intertrochanteric fracture group. Then, the differences between these two groups were compared to analyze the proportion of electrolyte disturbances in elderly patients with hip fracture, and explore its clinical significance. RESULTS: Patients with intertrochanteric fractures were older than patients with femoral neck fracture. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of underlying diseases between these two groups. The incidence of hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia was 10.0%, 32.9% and 1.4%, respectively, in the femoral neck fracture group, and 24.3%, 21.1% and 7.7%, respectively, in the intertrochanteric fracture group. The incidence of hypernatremia, hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia was 1.4%, 1.4% and 0.9%, respectively, in the femoral neck fracture group, and 1.1%, 0.7% and 0.8%, respectively, in the intertrochanteric fracture group. CONCLUSION: Patients with old hip fractures before an operation are prone to hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia, and most of them have mild electrolyte disorders, which needs to be corrected in time. Furthermore, some patients urgently need urgent supplementation ofblood electrolytes for some diseases, the correction of electrolyte disorders, and the prevention of serious adverse consequences. KEY WORDS: Femoral neck fracture, Femoral intertrochanteric fracture, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia.

Role of diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hyperintense signal (HIS) performance on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in diagnosing cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with CVT hospitalized from January 2004 to January 2015 were retrospectively studied alongside 78 controls without intracranial organic diseases. Diagnostic accuracy indices of HIS on DWI or T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) to diagnose CVT at different sites and states were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of HIS on DWI for the diagnosis of CVT was significantly lower than that of HIS on T2WI (34.6% vs. 79.5%). HIS on T2WI was more sensitive than HIS on DWI in detecting thrombosis, especially in the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus. HIS on DWI was inversely related to the time between disease onset and imaging. Compared with HIS on T2WI, combining HIS on DWI and T2WI did not increase the sensitivity for detecting CVT. HIS on DWI was not detected in the control group, but HIS on T2WI was detected in 26.3% of control individuals. The specificity of HIS on DWI for CVT was higher than that of HIS on T2WI (97.4% vs. 76.9%). CONCLUSION: HIS on DWI has a lower sensitivity, but a higher specificity, than HIS on T2WI for diagnosing CVT.

N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone, a bacterial quorum sensing signal, enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and wheat.

BACKGROUND: N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules to coordinate the collective behavior in a population in Gram-negative bacteria. Recent evidences demonstrate their roles in plant growth and defense responses. RESULTS: In present study, we show that the treatment of plant roots with N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL), one molecule of AHLs family, resulted in enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and wheat. We found that the growth inhibition phenotype including root length, shoot length and fresh weight were significantly improved by 3OC6-HSL under salt stress condition. The physiological and biochemical analysis revealed that the contents of chlorophyll and proline were increased and the contents of MDA and Na+ and Na+/K+ ratios were decreased after 3OC6-HSL treatment in Arabidopsis and wheat under salt stress condition. Molecular analysis showed that 3OC6-HSL significantly upregulated the expression of salt-responsive genes including ABA-dependent osmotic stress responsive genes COR15a, RD22, ADH and P5CS1, ABA-independent gene ERD1, and ion-homeostasis regulation genes SOS1, SOS2 and SOS3 in Arabidopsis under salt stress condition. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that 3OC6-HSL enhanced plant salt tolerance and ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signal pathways and SOS signaling might be involved in the induction of salt resistance by 3OC6-HSL in plants. Our data provide a new insight into the plant-microbe inter-communication.

Spectroscopy and molecular docking analysis reveal structural specificity of flavonoids in the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity.

The inhibition of α-glucosidase activity is a prospective approach to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. As two flavonoids extracted from citrus fruits, eriocitrin and eriodictyol have similar structures and show multiple pharmacological activities. In order to investigate the effects of flavonoids structure on enzyme inhibition, spectroscopy and molecular docking analysis were used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase (GH13) was used for studying the inhibitory mechanism by multi-spectroscopic analysis. Results indicated that they could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase, the binding constants at 298 K were (7.02 ± 0.22) × 104 and (4.57 ± 0.16) × 104 L mol-1, respectively. The interaction between them with α-glucosidase were mainly driven by hydrophobic interaction, they induced conformational changes of α-glucosidase. The human α-glucosidase (C-terminal maltase-glucoamylase, GH31) was used in the molecular docking analysis to determine the interaction of eriocitrin and eriodictyol with the α-glucosidase. The results revealed that they could bind with α-glucosidase and might cause the decrease of α-glucosidase activity. The inhibitory effect of eriocitrin was stronger than that of eriodictyol, which might be due to the position and amount of hydroxyl groups. This work confirmed two novel α-glucosidase inhibitors and provided the structure-function relationship of flavonoids in inhibition of α-glucosidase activity.

Plant homeodomain finger protein 23 inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Plant homeodomain finger protein 23 (PHF23) is a novel autophagy inhibitor gene that has been few studied with respect to orthopedics. This study was to investigate the expression of PHF23 in articular cartilage and synovial tissue, and analyze the relationship between PHF23 and chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were applied to show the expression of PHF23 in cartilage of different outbridge grades and synovial tissue of patient with OA and healthy control. The normal human chondrocyte pre-treated with rapamycin or 3-methyladenine, treated with interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß). IL-1ß induced expression level of PHF23 and autophagy-related proteins light chain 3B-I (LC3B-I), LC3B-II, and P62, were examined by Western blot. A PHF23 gene knock-down model was constructed with small interfering RNA. Western blot was performed to detect the efficiency of PHF23 and the impact of PHF23 knockout on IL-1ß-induced expression of autophagy-related and apoptotic-related proteins in chondrocyte. RESULTS: The expression of PHF23 was significantly increased in the high-grade cartilage and synovial tissue of patients with OA. The IL-1ß-induced expression of PHF23 was gradually enhanced with time. The level of LC3B-II, P62 changed with time. After knockdown of PHF23, the level of autophagy-related proteins increased and apoptotic-related proteins decreased in IL-1ß-induced OA-like chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of PHF23 increased in human OA cartilage and synovium, and was induced by IL-1ß through inflammatory stress. PHF23 can suppress autophagy of chondrocytes, and accelerate apoptosis.

The protective effects of a novel polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes mycelia on islet ß (INS-1) cells damaged by glucose and its transportation mechanism with human serum albumin.

High glucose can lead to toxicity on islet ß cells. The protective effects of a novel Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide (LMP) on INS-1 cells damaged by glucose were investigated. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected. P38 MAPK, JNKand NF-κB pathways were analyzed to reveal the inhibitory mechanism of LMP on glucose-induced INS-1 cells toxicity. The results showed that LMP could decrease cellular oxidative stress, reduce intracellular ROS levels, decrease MDA content and increase SOD activity. Furthermore, the glucose-induced cell apoptosis in cells were inhibited by regulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase­3 and cleaved caspase­1. Cell signaling pathway analysis revealed that LMP could inhibit the activation of p38 MAPK, JNK, NF-κB pathways and activate Nrf2 pathway. To further explore the possible transportation mechanism of LMP with human serum albumin (HSA), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to evaluate the interaction between LMP and HSA. The results showed that LMP-HSA complex was formed, which would be helpful for explaining the transportation mechanism in vivo. These results suggested that LMP might be a new therapeutic candidate to alleviate the high glucose toxicity.

An anterior neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus: a prospective clinical study with short- to mid-term follow-up.

OBJECT: To explore the treatment effect of the anterior medial neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. METHODS: This prospective study included two female patients who were 30-64 years old, with a mean age of 47 years. Fractures were caused by falling from a bicycle. The time between the injury and operation was 1-2 days, with a mean time interval of 1.5 days. Two patients with coronal shear fracture of the distal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using anterior neurovascular interval approach. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative and postoperative neurological and vascular complications or infections, and the fracture was united. At 12 months after the surgery, the patient returned to work without pain, and with a normal range of motion for elbow and forearm rotation. The X-rays revealed excellent fracture union, no signs of heterotopic ossification, and no traumatic arthritis. According to Mayo's evaluation standards for elbow function, a score of 100 is excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the anterior neurovascular interval approach of the elbow in the treatment of shear fracture of the articular surface of the distal humerus, particularly the trochlea of the humerus, can reduce the stripping of the soft tissue.

Coding Anisotropic Metasurface with Integrated Broadband Tunable Radiation and Low-Scattering Performance.

In this paper, we propose a coding electromagnetic metasurface (EMMS) with integrated broadband tunable radiation and low-scattering performance. Anisotropic elements demonstrating opposite phases under x- and y-polarized incidence are investigated and coded as "0" and "1" basic elements. These elements are then arranged in an optimized layout using a simulated annealing algorithm to perform the EMMS. By this means, diffusion scattering is realized in a broadband. Meanwhile, when "0" and "1" are fed properly, the coding EMMS displays wideband linearly or circularly polarized radiation with symmetric profiles. Simulated and experimental results verify that our method offers a simple and ingenious way to integrate broadband radiation and low scattering into one single-coding EMMS.

An anterior neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus: a prospective clinical study with short- to mid-term follow-up

SUMMARY OBJECT: To explore the treatment effect of the anterior medial neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. METHODS: This prospective study included two female patients who were 30-64 years old, with a mean age of 47 years. Fractures were caused by falling from a bicycle. The time between the injury and operation was 1-2 days, with a mean time interval of 1.5 days. Two patients with coronal shear fracture of the distal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using anterior neurovascular interval approach. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative and postoperative neurological and vascular complications or infections, and the fracture was united. At 12 months after the surgery, the patient returned to work without pain, and with a normal range of motion for elbow and forearm rotation. The X-rays revealed excellent fracture union, no signs of heterotopic ossification, and no traumatic arthritis. According to Mayo's evaluation standards for elbow function, a score of 100 is excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the anterior neurovascular interval approach of the elbow in the treatment of shear fracture of the articular surface of the distal humerus, particularly the trochlea of the humerus, can reduce the stripping of the soft tissue.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Explorar o efeito do tratamento com uma abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular médio para fraturas de cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo prospectivo incluiu duas pacientes do sexo feminino de 30-64 anos de idade, com idade média de 47 anos. As fraturas foram causadas por quedas de bicicleta. O tempo entre a lesão e a operação foi de 1-2 dias, com um intervalo de tempo médio de 1,5 dias. Duas pacientes com cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero foram tratadas com redução aberta e fixação interna utilizando a abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular. RESULTADOS: Não houve complicações neurológicas e vasculares intra e pós-operatórias, nem complicações ou infecções, e a fratura foi unida. Após 12 meses da cirurgia, as pacientes retornaram ao trabalho sem dor e com uma amplitude normal de movimento de rotação do antebraço e cotovelo. Os raios-X revelaram excelente união das fraturas, sem sinais de ossificação heterotópica e sem artrite traumática. De acordo com as diretrizes da clínica Mayo para avaliação da função do cotovelo, uma pontuação de 100 é considerada excelente. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular do cotovelo no tratamento de uma fratura de cisalhamento da superfície articular da porção distal do úmero, especificamente da tróclea do úmero, pode reduzir o desgaste do tecido mole.

Ultra-wideband and Polarization-Insensitive Perfect Absorber Using Multilayer Metamaterials, Lumped Resistors, and Strong Coupling Effects.

We theoretically and experimentally proposed a new structure of ultra-wideband and thin perfect metamaterial absorber loaded with lumped resistances. The thin absorber was composed of four dielectric layers, the metallic double split ring resonators (MDSRR) microstructures and a set of lumped resistors. The mechanism of the ultra-wideband absorption was analyzed and parametric study was also carried out to achieve ultra-wideband operation. The features of ultra-wideband, polarization-insensitivity, and angle-immune absorption were systematically characterized by the angular absorption spectrum, the near electric-field, the surface current distributions and dielectric and ohmic losses. Numerical results show that the proposed metamaterial absorber achieved perfect absorption with absorptivity larger than 80% at the normal incidences within 4.52~25.42 GHz (an absolute bandwidth of 20.9GHz), corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 139.6%. For verification, a thin metamaterial absorber was implemented using the common printed circuit board method and then measured in a microwave anechoic chamber. Numerical and experimental results agreed well with each other and verified the desired polarization-insensitive ultra-wideband perfect absorption.

Angular- and Polarization-insensitive Ultrathin Double-layered Metamaterial Absorber for Ultra-wideband Application.

We proposed an ultra-thin polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber (MMA) for ultra-wideband and wide incident angle operation. The MMA is composed of double-layer symmetric split rings (SSRs) connected with two orthogonally-arranged bars and the ground metallic plane separated by two identical substrates. Multiple metallic layers and scalabilities are employed to provide broadband absorptivity based on the cooperated mechanisms of the Ohmic loss and the Fabry-Perot interference. To further broaden the absorption bandwidth, four lumped resistors are loaded with the SSRs on the top metallic layer. By this means, an ultra-wideband absorbance is achieved nearly in 4~22 GHz, two gentle slope belts with absorptivity over 60% and 80% in 4~12 GHz and 12~22 GHz, respectively. The whole structure is with an ultrathin thickness of 2.4 mm, which is 0.032λlow and 0.176λhigh corresponds to the lowest and highest absorption frequency separately. Meanwhile, the symmetric structure enables the MMA of satisfactory stability for polarization and wide incident angles. Numerical and experimental results prove the capability of the proposed MMA for ultra-wideband absorbance.

Spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies on the interactions of fluoranthene with bovine hemoglobin.

This study aims to investigate the interaction between fluoranthene (FLA) and Bovine hemoglobin (BHb) by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular docking method. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of BHb was declined with the increase of FLA concentration. The binding procedure was spontaneous mainly driven by hydrophobic force. The number of binding sites were 0.709 (298 K), and 1.41 (310 K). The binding constants were equal to 4.68 × 103 mol·L-1 at 298 K and 6.17 × 105 mol·L-1 at 310 K. The binding distance between FLA and the tryptophan residue of BHb was 4.50 nm. The results of UV-vis spectra, synchronous fluorescence and CD spectra revealed that FLA could change the conformation of BHb, which might affect the physiological functions of hemoglobin. Moreover, molecular modeling results showed that the fluorescence experimental results were in agreement with the results obtained by molecular docking.