ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of low tidal volume and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) combined with pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) ventilation on one lung ventilation (OLV) in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL). METHODS: Patients of two groups were all treated with volume controlled ventilation (VCV) on two-lung ventilation, and the tidal volume was set to 8 ml/kg according to standard body weight, breath rate was set to 10-14 times/min, inspiration and expiration ratio was set to 1:1.5. During OLV, VCV was used in group C, and the tidal volume was set to 8 ml/kg; PCV-VG was given to group P patients, and the tidal volume was set to 6 ml/kg, followed by PEEP at 7 cm H2O. Breath rate was set to 12-16 times/min, and inspiration and expiration ratio was set to 1:1.5 in both groups on OLV. RESULTS: Pplat, Ppeak and intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) were lower at T2 and T3 in group P, when compared to group C (P<0.05). At T2, T3 and T4, the oxygenation index (OI) increased, Qs/Qt decreased and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) increased in group P (P<0.05). At T5, the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α and BNP decreased in group P. CONCLUSION: Low tidal volume and PEEP combined with PCV-VG ventilation might be helpful for alleviating pulmonary injury in OLV, and reducing airway pressure and Qs/Qt during OLV in surgery. KEY WORDS: Destroyed lung, Low tidal volume, Low tidal volume, Positive end-expiratory pressure, Pressure-controlled ventilation, One lung ventilation.
Subject(s)
One-Lung Ventilation , Humans , Lung , Pleura , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Tidal VolumeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effects of low tidal volume and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) combined with pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) ventilation on one lung ventilation (OLV) in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL). METHODS: Patients of two groups were all treated with volume controlled ventilation (VCV) on two-lung ventilation, and the tidal volume was set to 8 ml/kg according to standard body weight, breath rate was set to 10-14 times/min, inspiration and expiration ratio was set to 1:1.5. During OLV, VCV was used in group C, and the tidal volume was set to 8 ml/kg; PCV-VG was given to group P patients, and the tidal volume was set to 6 ml/kg, followed by PEEP at 7 cm H2O. Breath rate was set to 12-16 times/min, and inspiration and expiration ratio was set to 1:1.5 in both groups on OLV. RESULTS: Pplat, Ppeak and intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) were lower at T2 and T3 in group P, when compared to group C (P<0.05). At T2, T3 and T4, the oxygenation index (OI) increased, Qs/Qt decreased and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) increased in group P (P<0.05). At T5, the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α and BNP decreased in group P. CONCLUSION: Low tidal volume and PEEP combined with PCV-VG ventilation might be helpful for alleviating pulmonary injury in OLV, and reducing airway pressure and Qs/Qt during OLV in surgery. KEY WORDS: Destroyed lung, Low tidal volume, Low tidal volume, Positive end-expiratory pressure, Pressure-controlled ventilation, One lung ventilation.
Subject(s)
One-Lung Ventilation , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Humans , Lung , Pleura , Tidal VolumeABSTRACT
Rational design and synthesis of hollow core-shell hetero-structures with high complexity still remains challenging for high-performance supercapacitors. Here, a simple and effective strategy that involves a 'root-etch-wrap' process was developed to synthesize hollow core-shell hetero-structured electrodes. Specifically, ZnO hollow spheres take root on carbon cloth via an in situ growth routine, then are etched to aid the generation of a ZIF-8 shell. As-synthesized hollow core-shell ZnO@ZIF-8 is wrapped by PANI nanocoating, resulting in a flexible conductive porous electrode (denoted as PANI/ZnO@ZIF-8-CC). The optimized electrode exhibits an ultrahigh areal capacitance (4839-3987 mF cm-2 at 5-30 mA cm-2), which is at least 3 times higher than that of PANI-CC and ZnO@ZIF-8-CC owing to the synergistic effect. In addition, a symmetric flexible supercapacitor fabricated by PANI/ZnO@ZIF-8-CC exhibits a high energy density of 0.137-0.0891 mW h cm-3 (at a power density of 1.421-23.629 W cm-3) and a good long-term cycling ability (87% for 10 000 cycles at 5 mA cm-2). All of these results make unique core-shell structured PANI/ZnO@ZIF-8-CC a promising electrode material for advanced energy storage and conversion applications.
ABSTRACT
Two hexanuclear Ln(III) cluster-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (Ln = Tb or Eu) and a series of isomorphic bimetallic Ln(III)-MOFs have been synthesized by changing the ratio of Tb(III) and Eu(III) under solvothermal conditions. The excellent linear color tunability (from green to red) makes them suitable for barcode application. In addition, the anionic Ln(III)-MOFs exhibit superior uptake capacity toward methylene blue (MB+) by an ion-exchange process, and its reversible adsorption performance makes 1 suitable for removal of organic dye MB+. The as-prepared anionic hexanuclear Ln(III) cluster-based MOFs can serve as a multifunctional material for an optical and environmental area.
ABSTRACT
Minimization is a type of dynamic randomization method that is recommended for use in clinical trials. However, partly due to its organizational complexity in implementation, the utilization of minimization is seldom reported. We developed a centralized random allocation system named "MagMin" using Pocock and Simon's minimization methods, which has been in use since 2006. To date, 5 clinical trials have been randomized using this system, and the other 17 clinical trials are still running on this system. An example is introduced in this paper to describe the implementation of this system. Problems and countermeasures are also discussed.
