[Halogenated by-products of chlorination in tap water]. / Subproductos halogenados de la cloración en el agua de consumo público.

OBJECTIVE: The presence of trihalomethanes in the water systems of several Spanish cities has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to analyze trihalomethane concentrations in the water provided for human consumption in the city of Barcelona. METHODS: We analyzed 151 water samples collected in 1998. The analyses were performed in the Public Health Laboratory of Barcelona using the purge-and-trap method and subsequent determination by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results are presented according to the source of the water: the rivers of Llobregat or Ter, or a mixture of these. RESULTS: Trihalomethane concentrations in the water from Ter were relatively low, with a predominance of chloroform and bromodichloromethane, while concentrations in the water from Llobregat were much higher, with a predominance of bromoform and dibromochloromethane. Mixed water showed intermediate concentrations. The total concentrations reached in the water from Llobregat were above 100 microg/l. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the need to continue reducing organic pollution and halogenated compounds in the water used for human consumption in Barcelona.

Subproductos halogenados de la cloración en el agua de consumo público / Halogenated by-products of chlorination in tap water

Objetivo: La presencia de trihalometanos en el agua de diversas ciudades españolas está demostrada. Este estudio pretende analizar sus concentraciones en el agua de la ciudad de Barcelona. Métodos: Se analizan 151 muestras de agua recogidas durante el año 1998. Los análisis se realizaron en el laboratorio municipal mediante purge and trap y posterior determinación por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrofotometría de masas. Los resultados se presentan según el origen del agua: ríos Llobregat, Ter o mezcla. Resultados: En aguas del Ter los valores son relativamente bajos y predominan cloroformo y bromodiclorometano, mientras que en las del Llobregat son más elevados y predominan bromoformo y dibromoclorometano. Las aguas de mezcla presentan valores intermedios. Los valores totales alcanzados en las muestras procedentes del Llobregat superan los 100 µg/l. Conclusiones: Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de seguir corrigiendo la contaminación orgánica y los compuestos halogenados en el agua captada para el consumo humano en Barcelona (AU)

Objective: The presence of trihalomethanes in the water systems of several Spanish cities has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to analyze trihalomethane concentrations in the water provided for human consumption in the city of Barcelona. Methods: We analyzed 151 water samples collected in 1998. The analyses were performed in the Public Health Laboratory of Barcelona using the purge-and-trap method and subsequent determination by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results are presented according to the source of the water: the rivers of Llobregat or Ter, or a mixture of these. Results: Thrihalomethane concentrations in the water from Ter were relatively low, with a predominance of chloroform and bromodichloromethane, while concentrations in the water from Llobregat were much higher, with a predominance of bromoform and dibromochloromethane. Mixed water showed intermediate concentrations. The total concentrations reached in the water from Llobregat were above 100 µg/l. Conclusions: The results show the need to continue reducing organic pollution and halogenated compounds in the water used for human consumption in Barcelona (AU)

Efficiency of four secondary enrichment protocols in differentiation and isolation of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes from smoked fish processing chains.

Four secondary enrichment protocols (conventional methods: UVM II, Fraser 24 h and Fraser 48 h: Impedimetric method: Listeria electrical detection medium) were studied for their ability to isolate Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes from fish and environmental samples collected along the processing chain of cold-smoked fish. From all methods, Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes were respectively present in 56 and 34 of 315 samples analysed. Fraser broth incubated for 48 h gave the fewest false negative Listeria spp. results [4/56; (7.1%)], but concurrently only 15/34 (44.1%) samples were correctly identified as containing L. monocytogenes, Listeria electrical detection (LED) medium detected only 36/56 (64.3%) Listeria spp. positive samples. Despite this lower isolation rate, LED identified 20/34 (58.8%) L. monocytogenes positive samples correctly and gave fewer false positive results. The overall conclusion was that more than one isolation method is needed to accurately estimate L. monocytogenes contamination rates.

A method and medium for the electrical detection of Listeria spp. from food.

The development of a liquid medium for the detection of Listeria spp. by capacitance monitoring of food samples previously enriched in UVM 1 broth is described. Rapid growth of Listeria monocytogenes was shown to occur in liquid media with selectivity based on antibiotics found in Oxford agar. The final capacitance medium contained higher concentrations of the Oxford selective agents than Oxford agar and did not require the esculin/ferric ammonium citrate reaction to be observed. The medium relied upon the ability of Listeria spp. to induce a greater than 30% change in capacitance within 30 h. When run in parallel with the Listeria spp. test samples of a large food company, the method gave far fewer false-positive results than Fraser broth.