ABSTRACT
The study analyses different situations encountered throughout the authors personal operative experience, susceptible to generate technical and tactical difficulties during laparoscopic cholecystectomy such as: postoperative perivisceritis, obesity, difficult liver mobilization, lipomatosis, acute and scleroatrophic cholecystitis, "porcelain gallbladder". They also point out different causes capable of generating important bleeding during the operation: cirrhosis, accidental adhesion tearing, anatomical arterial variations. Above all, the study presents the possible technical and tactical solutions which they applied when dealing with the already mentioned critical situations.
Subject(s)
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods , Acute Disease , Cholecystitis/complications , Cholecystitis/surgery , Humans , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The anatomy of the lymph nodes of the human mediastinum was studied in 984 cases over a period of 17 years. Some findings in past publications were confirmed, but new data on nomenclature and location were obtained. Further, it has been possible to describe more clearly some groups and chains that are poorly defined in the classic literature, in the Nomina Anatomica and by more recent authors. Lymph gland groups have been found which have not apparently been previously described, so that the author proposes a new topographic division of the mediastinum which allows a more accurate localisation within the thoracic cavity. Twelve paired lymph node centres are defined (11 symmetric, one asymetric) and one single centre.
Subject(s)
Lymph Nodes/anatomy & histology , Mediastinum/anatomy & histology , HumansABSTRACT
An on-line interactive verification and entry system (OLIVES) has been developed for conducting telephone interviews in large-scale epidemiological studies. Responses are automatically coded into a computer legible form suitable for analysis. Use of a question stack to control question flow allows on-line response modification, restart from any termination point, and minimal reprogramming in order to change question order. Numerical, coded, and text string data types are permitted. A multilevel hierarchical data structure reflects interview content. The advantages and disadvantages of the on-line approach are discussed. OLIVES is generalizable and is applicable to other on-line or off-line interview situations.
Subject(s)
Data Collection/methods , Epidemiologic Methods , Interviews as Topic , Online Systems , Telephone , Child , Humans , Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
The author presents a study of the lymphatic system in which he shows the existence of perforating and anastomosing lymphatic vessels in the lower limb, derived from an analysis of 183 cases. He demonstrates the presence of communicating lymphatic vessels and describes six possible variants of the perforating systems, of which four take origin from the superficial system and two from the deep system. The commonest are the superficial perforating lymphatics deriving from the internal saphenous system to rejoin the deep posterior tibial system, these two variants being found in 9.3% of cases. He also describes three systems of communicating vessels, two superficial and one deep. In all, the perforating system is present in 22 cases (12%) and the communicating system in 4 cases (2%).
Subject(s)
Leg/anatomy & histology , Lymphatic System/anatomy & histology , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The author has made an Anatomical Review of the Lymphatic System of the Mammary Gland on the Base of the study of 200 cases. Three main lymphatic pedicles and their respective subpedicles are described. It was not observed that the mammary lymph drains to the contralateral side or by a direct route to the nodes of the supraclavicular region. The author describes some nodes which are not previously mentioned in the literature, presents a new classification of the axillary lymphatic nodes from an anatomical point of view. This study is still under execution.
