The nutritional risk in oncology: a study of 1,453 cancer outpatients.

PURPOSE: There is little information about the nutritional status of cancer outpatients because the practice of nutritional screening is rarely performed. This study aims to define the pattern of scores of nutritional risk in 1,453 outpatients and factors associated with a high nutrition risk score, to facilitate the identification of such patients by the oncologists. METHODS: We prospectively screened the nutritional status of cancer outpatients according to the NRS-2002 score which combines indicators of malnutrition and of severity of the disease (1-3 points, respectively). A score ≥ 3 indicates "nutritional risk". The association of the nutritional scores with some patient/tumour/therapy-related variables was investigated through univariable and multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS: Thirty-two percent of outpatients were at nutritional risk. Primary tumour site, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score and presence of anorexia or fatigue were significantly associated with the nutrition risk score. Depending on the combination of these variables, it was possible to estimate different probabilities of nutritional risk. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of a relevant nutritional risk was higher than expected considering the favourably selected population. The nutritional risk was associated with common clinical variables which are usually recorded in the charts and could easily alert the oncologist on the need of a further nutritional assessment or a nutritional support.

Prevalence and influence of malnutrition on quality of life and performance status in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer before treatment.

GOALS OF WORK: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and influence of malnutrition (unintentional weight loss >or=5% in the last 3 months) on quality of life (QoL) and performance status (PS) in head and neck cancer patients (HNC) before treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive outpatients affected by locally advanced HNC (III-IVA stage) were enrolled. In all patients, nutritional intake (by diet history), nutritional status (Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment), unintentional weight loss (UWL), serum prealbumin, hemoglobin level (Hb), C-reactive protein, QoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 v. 3.0), and PS (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS) were assessed before radio or concomitant chemoradiotherapy. MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of HNC were malnourished before treatment. The median ECOG PS in malnourished patients was 1 (0-2), whereas in nonmalnourished was 0 (0-2; p = 0.018). Physical (p = 0.043), role (p = 0.047), and social functions (p = 0.024) scores were significantly worse in malnourished than in nonmalnourished HNC. Fatigue (p < 0.001), appetite loss (p < 0.001), and nausea and vomiting (p = 0.002) scores were worse in malnourished patients than in nonmalnourished. In the multivariate analysis, UWL and Hb level independently influenced physical (p = 0.002; p = 0.005), role (p = 0.004; p = 0.001), and social functions (p = 0.024; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that an early and intensive nutritional support might reduce weight loss before, during, and after treatment completion, improving outcome, QoL, and PS.

Influence of weight loss on outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concomitant chemoradiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weight loss on outcome in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT): treatment interruption, infections, mortality, and hospital readmission rate. METHODS: Forty patients with head and neck cancer were enrolled. All patients were counseled to follow a nutritional program during CCRT. Body weight was evaluated at baseline, at the end, and 30 days after radiochemotherapy. RESULTS: Ninety percent of compliant patients with nutritional program maintained body weight (mean, 1 +/- 2.4 kg) and 100% of noncompliant patients continued to lose weight (mean, -9 +/- 4 kg; p < .001). A reduction greater than 20% of prediagnosis weight significantly correlated with treatment interruption (p = .003), infections (p = .002), early mortality (p = .011), hospital readmission rate (p = .001), and survival (log-rank test: z = -2.722, p = .006). CONCLUSION: In patients with head and neck cancer undergoing CCRT, the early nutritional management reduces weight loss and improve outcome.

Dynamic self-regulating prosthesis (protesi autoregolantesi dinamica): the long-term results in the treatment of primary inguinal hernias.

The dynamic self-regulating prosthesis (protesi autoregolantesi dinamica, PAD) is a double-layered prosthesi, in use since 1992 in inguinal hernia repair. In 1999, we published the short-term results on 500 patients and herein we report the long-term follow-up. Five hundred eighty-five PAD procedures were performed on 500 adult male, unselected patients. Hernias were unilateral in 415 patients, were bilateral in 85 patients, were direct in 197 patients (33.7%), were indirect in 269 patients (46.0%), and were combined in 119 patients (20.3%). Four hundred sixty-four patients were alive at the follow-up period of minimum 5 years, whereas 36 died (7.2%) of causes unrelated to the hernia. No information was available on 73 patients (14.6%). Therefore, the follow-up was consisted of 391 patients (78.2%) with 469 hernias. The recurrence and testicular atrophy rates were nil. Three patients (0.77%) presented chronic pain and 18 (4.6%) suffered persistent discomfort or paresthesia. A hydrocoele was observed in one patient (0.2%). The long-term data confirm the efficacy of the dynamic self-regulating posthesis hernioplasty. We propose it as a standard of care in all cases of primary inguinal hernia in adult males, retaining it as a definitive and comfortable solution.

A case of massive gastric necrosis in a young girl with Rett Syndrome.

This is the unusual case of a 17-year-old girl affected by Rett Syndrome (RS) who suffered acute abdominal distension and constipation for a week. Laparotomy showed massive gastric dilatation, with total necrosis and perforation. Total gastrectomy and Y-Roux esophagojejunostomy were performed. We believe the clinical status was caused by the mechanism of air swallowing, present in our patient and typical in RS. In fact, as reported, massive air bloat may result in a decrease of the intramural blood flow with consequential ischemia of the gastric wall. We stress the importance of early detection of the gastroenterological symptoms in these patients, with timely positioning of nasogastric tube and gastrostomy, to prevent serious complications potentially life-threatening as massive gastric necrosis.