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1.
Invest Clin ; 46(4): 317-28, 2005 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16353539

ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis is caused by numerous serovars of Leptospira interrogans. The infection is acquired through the contact of softened skin, mucous and conjunctive with the urine of animals and humans infected by animal carriers. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of leptospirosis in Bolívar state Venezuela and to compare the sensibility and specificity of the LEPTO-Dipstick, with the test of macroscopic agglutination in plate with the termorresistent antigen (TR). Thirty one sample of serums were processed of patients with leptospirosis clinic, admitted in the Hospital Universitario "Ruiz y Páez" of Ciudad Bolívar during 12 months. Detection IgM antibodies of anti-Leptospiras was carried out by means of LEPTO-Dipstick and antigen TR. The Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was also, carried out. The general prevalence of leptospirosis in patients who attended the "Ruiz y Paez" Hospital was of 80.6% (n = 25) by means of the determination of the termorresistent antigen. The most frequent serovars identified in Bolívar State, were the serovars: icterohaemorrhagiae, copenhageni (21.3%), autummalis and australis (12.8%). TR antigen and LEPTO Dipstick had a sensibility of 80% and a specificity of 25%. The agreement between both methods was null (Kappa: -0.2). Bolívar state has a high leptospirosis prevalence and the infection should be discarded in those patients with long-term fever and risk factors for the illness.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Leptospira/immunology , Leptospirosis/blood , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Reagent Strips , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Hemagglutination Tests , Humans , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity , Venezuela/epidemiology
2.
Invest. clín ; 46(4): 317-328, dec. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-419599

ABSTRACT

La leptospirosis es causada por numerosos serovares de Leptospira interrogans. La infección se adquiere por contacto de la piel erosionada o reblandecida, mucosas y conjuntiva, con la orina de animales y/o humanos infectados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar los aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de la leptospirosis en el estado Bolívar y comparar la sensibilidad, especificidad del LEPTO-Dipstick y el antígeno termorresistente de Leptospira (TR). Durante doce meses consecutivos se tomaron muestras séricas de 31 pacientes con síndrome febril prolongado y clínica compatible de leptospirosis, admitidos en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario "Ruiz y Páez" de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. La determinación de anticuerpos IgM anti-Leptospira se llevó a cabo utilizando un kit comercial LEPTO-Dipstick y la prueba en placa con el antígeno termorresistente de leptospira (TR) en todas las muestras. Además, se realizó la prueba de aglutinación microscópica (MAT). La prevalencia general de leptospirosis en los pacientes febriles que consultaron al hospital, según el TR, fue del 80,6 por ciento (25/31). Se demostró que los serovares más frecuentes en el Estado Bolívar fueron: icterohaemorrhagiae, copenhageni (21,3 por ciento), autummalis y australis (12,8 por ciento). Se demostró que el antígeno TR y el LEPTO Dipstick tienen una sensibilidad buena (80 por ciento) y especificidad baja (25 por ciento). No hubo concordancia entre ambos métodos (Kappa: -0,2). En el estado Bolívar existe una elevada prevalencia de leptospirosis en pacientes febriles por lo que se debe descartar esta infección en aquellos pacientes que presenten fiebre prolongada y factores de riesgos para la enfermedad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antigens , Leptospirosis , Zoonoses , Communicable Diseases , Epidemiology , Venezuela
3.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 37(2): 186-8, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15094909

ABSTRACT

Eighteen species of medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria in Bolívar State, Venezuela were recorded and they belonged to Compositae, Meliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Bixaceae, Boraginaceae, Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Myrtaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae and Verbenaceae families. Antimalarial plant activities have been linked to a range of compounds including anthroquinones, berberine, flavonoids, limonoids, naphthquinones, sesquiterpenes, quassinoids, indol and quinoline alkaloids.


Subject(s)
Antimalarials , Plants, Medicinal , Malaria/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Venezuela
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 37(2): 186-188, mar. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-357447

ABSTRACT

Dezoito espécies de plantas medicinais usadas no tratamento da malária no estado Bolívar, Venezuela, foram estabelecidas e pertenciam às familias Compositae, Meliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Bixaceae, Boraginaceae, Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Myrtaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae e Verbenaceae. As atividades antimaláricas destas plantas parecem estar ligadas a um grupo de compostos que incluem antroquinonas, berberina, flavonoides, limonoides, naftquinonas, sesquiterpenos, quassinoides, indol e alcalóides de quinolina.


Subject(s)
Antimalarials , Plants, Medicinal , Plant Extracts , Venezuela
5.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 67(4): 400-5, 2002 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12452494

ABSTRACT

The state of Bolivar in Venezuela experiences episodic outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We obtained P. falciparum-infected blood samples in Bolivar in 1998-2000, and performed molecular assays for mutations conferring resistance to the antifolate combination of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and to chloroquine. All infections carried the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) S108A and N51I mutations, and 45% of the infections had the dhfr C50R mutation, which has been implicated in mid-level resistance to SP. Two dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) mutations also involved in SP resistance, A581G and K540E, were detected in 90% and 67% of the samples, respectively. The dhfr 1164L mutation, which confers high-level resistance, was not identified. The P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) K76T mutation, which is critical for chloroquine resistance, was found in 167 of 168 infections. Six dhfr/dhps allelotypes and four pfcrt-resistant alleles were observed. Their interrelationships suggest a semi-clonal propagation of P. falciparum malaria in Bolivar, and an invasion of multi-resistant pathogens from Brazil. Despite national restrictions on the use of SP and chloroquine, genotypic resistance to these therapies remains widespread in Bolivar.


Subject(s)
Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Alleles , Animals , Dihydropteroate Synthase/genetics , Drug Resistance/genetics , Humans , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Membrane Transport Proteins , Plasmodium falciparum/genetics , Protozoan Proteins , Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Venezuela/epidemiology
6.
J Infect Dis ; 186(7): 999-1006, 2002 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12232841

ABSTRACT

Multidrug resistance is a major obstacle to the control of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and its origins and modes of dissemination are imperfectly understood. In this study, haplotyping and microsatellite analysis of malaria from 5 regions of the South American Amazon support the conclusion that the parasite mutations conferring mid- and high-level resistance to the antifolate combination sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine have a common origin. Parasites harboring these mutations are also found to share drug-resistance alleles that confer a unique chloroquine resistance phenotype and to be similar at loci not linked to drug resistance, although not genetically identical. Since the 1980s, multidrug-resistant P. falciparum has spread in a north-northwest manner across the continent, from an origin likely in the lower Amazon. This study highlights the importance of continent-wide malaria-control policies and suggests that the containment of resistance to the next generation of therapies may be feasible.


Subject(s)
Antimalarials/pharmacology , Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Alleles , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Chloroquine/pharmacology , Cloning, Molecular , Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics , Folic Acid Antagonists/pharmacology , Haplotypes , Humans , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Microsatellite Repeats , Molecular Sequence Data , Multienzyme Complexes/genetics , Mutation , Plasmodium falciparum/enzymology , Plasmodium falciparum/genetics , Pyrimethamine/pharmacology , South America/epidemiology , Sulfadoxine/pharmacology , Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Thymidylate Synthase/genetics
7.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 44(2): 105-7, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12048548

ABSTRACT

Two patients from the gold mines of Bolivar State, Venezuela, presenting cutaneous leishmaniasis in the genital region, an unusual location, are described. The first patient showed an ulcerated lesion of the glans penis. Leishmanin skin test was positive. A biopsy specimen revealed a granulomatous infiltrate containing Leishmania parasites. In the second patient, Leishmanin skin test was positive, HIV and VDRL were negative. Leishmania parasites were present in a biopsy of an ulcerated lesion in the scrotum, with an indurated base, infiltrative borders with an yellowish exudate. Patients were treated with meglumine antimoniate and the lesions healed.


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous , Penile Diseases/parasitology , Adolescent , Adult , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/drug therapy , Male , Meglumine/therapeutic use , Meglumine Antimoniate , Organometallic Compounds/therapeutic use , Penile Diseases/drug therapy
8.
Centro méd ; 47(1): 28-49, mayo 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-393061

ABSTRACT

Estudio retrospectivo de Leishmaniasis visceral diagnosticado en el Estado Bolívar en los últimos diez años (1989-1999) y un estudio prospectivo de la fauna flebotómica en el ambiente de una casa localizada en el perímetro del Estado Bolívar, donde habita un niño diagnosticado con Leishmaniasis vísceral nativa. Las historias clínicas de los casos de Leishmaniasis visceral en seis centros hospitalarios del Estado Bolívar fueron revisados, encontrándose nueve casos; de estos nueve casos; cuatro de ellos fueron diagnosticados en el curso de la presente investigación. La investigación determinó que el origen de los pacientes eran del área rural. El Municipio Heres fue el que tubo mayor número de casos el 33,3 por ciento. Sexo masculino el 88,88 por ciento y menores de cuatro años el 44 por ciento. La clínica y los resultados encontrados por exámenes paraclínicos son similares a aquellos reportados en otras investigaciones en diversas regiones de Venezuela. La evolución de los pacientes fue satisfactoria después de la terapia con Glucantime, con dosis para niños, adultos y en ciclos de un esquema ya conocidos. En relación al estudio de la Flebofauna capturada alrededor de la casa en la cual uno de los casos fue periurbano, durante 18 meses fueron encontrados las siguientes especies de Flebotóminos: Lu. Antunesi, Lu. Evansi, Lu. Ovallesi y Lu. Gomezi, siendo uno de los menos abundantes. Estos hallazgos representan una contribución en el estudio epidemiológico de la Leishmaniasis visceral en el Estado Bolívar


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Epidemiology , Venezuela
9.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 44(2): 105-107, Mar.-Apr. 2002. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-308014

ABSTRACT

Two patients from the gold mines of Bolivar State, Venezuela, presenting cutaneous leishmaniasis in the genital region, an unusual location, are described. The first patient showed an ulcerated lesion of the glans penis. Leishmanin skin test was positive. A biopsy specimen revealed a granulomatous infiltrate containing Leishmania parasites. In the second patient, Leishmanin skin test was positive, HIV and VDRL were negative. Leishmania parasites were present in a biopsy of an ulcerated lesion in the scrotum, with an indurated base, infiltrative borders with an yellowish exudate. Patients were treated with meglumine antimoniate and the lesions healed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Antiprotozoal Agents , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous , Meglumine , Penile Diseases
10.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 57(3/4): 91-94, jul. 2001. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-321454

ABSTRACT

Un estudio fue realizado en relación a establecer la presencia de párasitos intestinales en 35 pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), desde julio 1997 a octubre 1998, admitidos en el Hospital Universitario Ruiz y Páez de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Parásitos fueron detectados en heces usando diversos métodos para la investigación de protozoos y hemintos, concentración éter-formalina, tinción de Kinyoung y tricromico. Edad, sexo, estado clínico de la infección de VIH fueron resgistrados para cada participante del estudio. Todos los pacientes presentaron diarrea crónica. En 20 pacientes infectados con VIH (57 por ciento), uno o más parásitos intestinales fueron encontrados. Los protozoos más frecuente encontrados fueron: Blastocystis homimis (28,6 por ciento), Cryptospordium sp. (22,8 por ciento) e Isospora belli (2,9 por ciento). Microsporidia no fueron detectado. Estos datos enfatizan la importancia de los portozoos oportunista en pacientes infectados con VIH


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Blastocystis hominis , Cryptosporidium , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Isospora , Venezuela
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