Microvascular Outcomes after Metabolic Surgery (MOMS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and class I obesity: rationale and design for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: There are several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have already shown that metabolic/bariatric surgery achieves short-term and long-term glycaemic control while there are no level 1A of evidence data regarding the effects of surgery on the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PURPOSE: The aim of this trial is to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) plus the best medical treatment (BMT) versus the BMT alone to improve microvascular outcomes in patients with T2DM with a body mass index (BMI) of 30-34.9 kg/m2. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study design includes a unicentric randomised unblinded controlled trial. 100 patients (BMI from 30 to 34.9 kg/m2) will be randomly allocated to receive either RYGB plus BMT or BMT alone. The primary outcome is the change in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) captured as the proportion of patients who achieved nephropathy remission (uACR<30 mg/g of albumin/mg of creatinine) in an isolated urine sample over 12, 24 and 60 months. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board. This study represents the first RCT comparing RYGB plus BMT versus BMT alone for patients with T2DM with a BMI below 35 kg/m2. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01821508; Pre-results.

Early and late results of topical diltiazem and bethanechol for chronic anal fissure: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Late efficacy of medical treatment of chronic anal fissure remains controversial due to high recurrence. This study aimed at analyzing safety and efficacy of topical diltiazem and bethanechol regarding healing and symptoms relief, safety, recurrence, and need for surgery. METHODOLOGY: This was a single-center nonrandomized trial. Outcomes of 30 patients with chronic anal fissure treated with 2% diltiazem were compared to 30 patients treated with 0.1% bethanechol, both for eight weeks. Patients were assessed after seven days and eight weeks. RESULTS: In diltiazem group, after seven days, 31% were symptomatic; after bethanechol, 71% (p = 0.06). After seven days, fissure healing occurred in 19% after diltiazem and in 11% after bethanechol. After eight weeks, in both groups, 64% were asymptomatic; after diltiazem, 53% healed; after bethanechol, 50% (p = 0.80). Success was the same for both groups: 63.3%. Groups were similar regarding complications. After diltiazem, 9 (30%) patients were operated on; and 11 (36.7%) after bethanechol (p = 0.60). Recurrence occurred in 4 (13.3%) patients in both groups. Median time to recurrence after diltiazem was 15 (10-24) months and 7.5 (2-15) after bethanechol - p = 0.15. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments are safe and effective. Diltiazem may be associated to earlier relief and more sustained response.

Incidence and management of colonoscopic colon perforations: 10 years' experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This paper aimed to review experience with diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopies performed by a colorectal surgeon with special interest in colonoscopy over a 10-yr period and to assess incidence and management of colonic perforations. METHODOLOGY: All colonoscopies performed between 1997 and 2007 were studied. Data on patients, colonoscopic reports and procedure-related complications were collected from computerized database. Medical records of patients with colonic perforation were reviewed. RESULTS: 7,804 colonoscopies were performed. Five colonoscopic perforations were identified (0.06%). Three occurred during diagnostic and two during therapeutic colonoscopy. All were suspected during or immediately after colonoscopy except for one therapeutic perforation diagnosed two days after the procedure. All perforations were surgically managed by the author. Surgery included conventional and laparoscopic repair, colectomy and proctocolectomy. There was need for stoma in one patient with pancolonic Crohn's disease with sigmoid colon stenosis. This patient underwent total proctocolectomy. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of perforation during colonoscopy is low and can be managed with no mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Early operative intervention through primary repair represents is safe and effective. Managing colonic pathology demanding resection in the urgent setting may benefit selected patients with colonoscopy perforation.

Impacto da vídeocirurgia na prevenção de aderências / Impact of the video-surgery in the prevention of the adhesions

Uma das vantagens aventadas da vídeo-cirurgia é a possibilidade de formar menos aderências pós-operatórias. As evidências deste efeito resultam de trabalhos clínicos e experimentais, mas o real impacto desta via de acesso neste sentido ainda não foi comprovado. O objetivo da presente revisão foi avaliar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre o assunto. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: revisão da literatura pertinente. RESULTADOS: as aderências pós-operatórias foram analisadas no sítio da operação e nas incisões praticadas, porém existem poucas informações sobre aderências em locais não operados. Aderências pós-operatórias são menos freqüentes ou intensas quando se considera a via de acesso por vídeo. A despeito deste dado experimental, os desfechos clínicos de menor dor pélvica, menor número de admissões ou reoperações por obstrução intestinal e menor ocorrência de infertilidade ainda não podem ser claramente atribuídos a esta via de acesso, especialmente quando se consideram as cirurgias laparoscópicas avançadas, uma vez que nesta situação existe equivalência de área cruenta nas duas vias de acesso, à exceção da área associada às incisões. CONCLUSÕES: a via de acesso por vídeo está associada a menor formação de aderências, mas não protege de complicações relacionadas à sua ocorrência. Técnica operatória adequada e o uso de barreiras provavelmente estão mais fortemente associadas à menor formação de aderências do que a via de acesso aberta empregada para a realização das operações abdominais e pélvicas.

Role of biological mesh in surgical treatment of paracolostomy hernias.

BACKGROUND: Paracolostomy hernia is a frequent complication of intestinal stoma. Its correction can be made through relocation of the colostomy or by keeping it in place and performing abdominal wall reinforcement through direct suturing with or without a prosthesis. METHOD: Results of surgical treatment of paracolostomy hernias were analyzed in 22 patients who underwent surgery in our hospital during the past 15 years, with or without biological mesh (bovine pericardium). All patients had terminal colostomies after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. RESULTS: In 15 (68.2%) patients, hernia correction was made by maintaining the colostomy in place, in 2 of them (9.1%) without reinforcement, and in the other 13 (59.1%) through reinforcement of the aponeurosis with biological mesh. In the 7 (31.8%) other patients, hernia correction was accomplished by relocation of the colostomy. The mean follow-up period was 50.2 months. Recurrence was observed in 3 (13.6%) patients after a median of 16 months post-correction. CONCLUSION: Paracolostomy hernia remains a surgical challenge due to its high recurrence rate. Primary repair using a prosthesis of biological material may be preferable since muscle-aponeurotic weakness is frequently observed.

Avaliação dos efeitos imunológicos em operações colo-retais minimamente invasivas / Evaluation of the immunological effects in colorectal surgery minimally invasive

Por ser procedimento minimamente invasivo, a vídeo-cirurgia promove agressão parietal limitada, associa-se a menos dor e provê rápida recuperação pós-operatória, possibilitando aos pacientes retornarem precocemente às atividades diárias. Embora todo ato cirúrgico determine imunossupressão, sugere-se que o menor trauma cirúrgico do acesso laparoscópico seja conseqüente a uma menor resposta inflamatória em comparação à via convencional. Neste contexto, diversos trabalhos publicados na última década têm se dedicado a fazer esta comparação em diversos procedimentos operatórios, encontrando resultados muitas vezes conflitantes. Esta revisão visou apresentar os resultados comparativos sobre a resposta imunológica das operações colo-retais minimamente invasivas, analisando suas possíveis repercussões sobre os resultados imediatos e oncológicos. Até o momento, os dados disponíveis na literatura provêm de estudos heterogêneos, com séries pequenas, realizados por equipes com experiência distinta com o método laparoscópico. Essas características dificultam estabelecer definitivamente o curso, a extensão e as repercussões das alterações imunológicas frente ao trauma, mas reconhece-se que as operações convencionais geram maior produção de IL-6 e PCR. Como a vídeo-cirurgia produz menor trauma e preserva a função imune no pós-operatório, acredita-se que a via laparoscópica pode influenciar positivamente o curso evolutivo das neoplasias (situação em que a função imune já se encontra debilitada pela própria doença), embora ainda não haja comprovação científica para este fato.

Role of biological mesh in surgical treatment of paracolostomy hernias

Hérnias paracolostômicas são complicações freqüentes de estomas intestinais. A correção pode ser realizada através do seu reposicionamento ou mantendo a mesma localização, associada ao reforço da parede abdominal com ou sem o emprego de prótese. MÉTODOS: Os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico de hérnias paracolostômicas são analisados em 22 pacientes em nosso serviço nos últimos 15 anos. Todos os pacientes eram portadores de colostomias terminais após ressecção abdominoperineal do reto. RESULTADOS: Em 15 (68,2%) pacientes, a correção da hérnia foi realizada mantendo-se a colostomia no local original, em 2 (9,1%) deles através de herniorrafia simples e em 13 (59,1%) com reforço da aponeurose com prótese biológica. Nos outros 7 (31,8%) pacientes, a correção foi realizada por reposicionamento da colostomia. O seguimento médio pós-operatório foi de 50,2 meses. Recidiva foi observada em 3 (13,6%) casos (em média 16 meses após correção). CONCLUSÃO: A hérnia paracolostômica continua a ser um desafio cirúrgico devido a sua elevada recidiva. Correção primária com prótese pode ser favorecida, uma vez que freqüentemente se observa fraqueza da aponeurose.

Avaliacao perioperatoria da viabilidade intestinal / Perioperative assessment of the intestinal viability

A determinacao da viabilidade de segmentos intestinais e do grau de isquemia a partir de...

Conventional approach x laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer treatment after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: results of a prospective randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection compared to conventional approach for surgical treatment of patients with distal rectal cancer presenting with incomplete response after chemoradiation. METHOD: Twenty eight patients with distal rectal adenocarcinoma were randomized to undergo surgical treatment by laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection or conventional approach and evaluated prospectively. Thirteen underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and 15 conventional approach. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (p<0,05) between the two studied groups regarding: gender, age, body mass index, patients with previous abdominal surgeries, intra and post operative complications, need for blood transfusion, hospital stay after surgery, length of resected segment and pathological staging. Mean operation time was 228 minutes for the laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection versus 284 minutes for the conventional approach (p=0.04). Mean anesthesia duration was shorter (p=0.03) for laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection when compared to conventional approach : 304 and 362 minutes, respectively. There was no need for conversion to open approach in this series. After a mean follow-up of 47.2 months and with the exclusion of two patients in the conventional abdominoperineal resection who presented with unsuspected synchronic metastasis during surgery, local recurrence was observed in two patients in the conventional group and in none in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection is feasible, similar to conventional approach concerning surgery duration, intra operative morbidity, blood requirements and post operative morbidity. Larger number of cases and an extended follow-up are required to adequate evaluation of oncological results for patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection after chemoradiation for radical treatment of distal rectal cancer.

Gestacao e cancer colorretal / Pregnancy and colorectal cancer

Mais de 250 casos de cancer do colon e do reto em mulheres gestantes ja foram diagnosticados e estima-se sua incidencia em um caso a cada 10.000 gestacoes. O cancer colorretal associado...

Conventional approach x laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer treatment after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: results of a prospective randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection compared to conventional approach for surgical treatment of patients with distal rectal cancer presenting with incomplete response after chemoradiation. METHOD: Twenty eight patients with distal rectal adenocarcinoma were randomized to undergo surgical treatment by laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection or conventional approach and evaluated prospectively. Thirteen underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and 15 conventional approach. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (p<0,05) between the two studied groups regarding: gender, age, body mass index, patients with previous abdominal surgeries, intra and post operative complications, need for blood transfusion, hospital stay after surgery, length of resected segment and pathological staging. Mean operation time was 228 minutes for the laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection versus 284 minutes for the conventional approach (p=0.04). Mean anesthesia duration was shorter (p=0.03) for laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection when compared to conventional approach : 304 and 362 minutes, respectively. There was no need for conversion to open approach in this series. After a mean follow-up of 47.2 months and with the exclusion of two patients in the conventional abdominoperineal resection who presented with unsuspected synchronic metastasis during surgery, local recurrence was observed in two patients in the conventional group and in none in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection is feasible, similar to conventional approach concerning surgery duration, intra operative morbidity, blood requirements and post operative morbidity. Larger number of cases and an extended follow-up are required to adequate evaluation of oncological results for patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection after chemoradiation for radical treatment of distal rectal cancer

Doenca inflamatoria intestinal e gestacao / Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy

As doencas inflamatorias intestinais podem se manifestar antes ou durante o periodo reprodutivo da mulher. Desta forma, gastroenterologistas e obstetras confrontam-se...

Eficácia da cromoendoscopia de contraste do cólon com emprego do índigo-carmim administrado por via oral / Efficacy of contrast chromoscopy of the colon after oral administration of indigo carmine dye

RACIONAL: O índigo-carmim é empregado como corante de contraste habitualmente instilado sobre a mucosa colorretal objetivando melhor visualizar lesäo já detectada à colonoscopia convencional. O exame da mucosa colorretal previamente corada após administraçäo anterógrada do corante levaria a maior sensibilidade na detecçäo de lesöes menores e resultante maior sensibilidade da colonoscopia no diagnóstico de lesöes diminutas, fazendo da cromoendoscopia de contraste excelente opçäo de rastreamento do câncer colorretal. Os resultados da cromoendoscopia do cólon após administraçäo oral do índigo-carmim resultam de experiência individual restrita. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade da cromoendoscopia com índigo-carmim nos diversos segmentos cólicos após administraçäo por via oral desse corante. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta pacientes consecutivamente submetidos a videocolonoscopia foram analisados. Uma cápsula contendo 100 mg de índigo-carmim era oferecida aos pacientes 30 minutos antes da soluçäo de manitol empregada rotineiramente para preparo intestinal mecânico. O efeito do contraste foi avaliado em três segmentos intestinais: cólon direito, cólon esquerdo e reto e foi classificado pelo examinador como bom, regular ou ruim, de acordo com critérios pré-estabelecidos. RESULTADOS: O cólon direito apresentou-se com bom efeito de contraste em apenas 9 (18,8 por cento) pacientes, enquanto que em 32 (66,6 por cento) e em 7 (14,6 por cento) pacientes o efeito obtido foi regular e ruim, respectivamente. Quanto à avaliaçäo dos segmentos distais, näo foi observado bom resultado em nenhum paciente. Näo se observou coloraçäo da mucosa do cólon esquerdo (qualidade ruim) em 80,9 por cento dos pacientes; tampouco näo foi observada distribuiçäo do contraste no reto em 92 por cento dos casos. CONCLUSÄO: Apesar da simplicidade, a administraçäo de índigo-carmim por via oral parece ineficaz para o rastreamento de pequenas lesöes realizado por cromoendoscopia de contraste uma vez que a qualidade desta verificada no cólon, principalmente em segmentos mais distais, foi regular ou ruim para a grande maioria dos pacientes

[Efficacy of contrast chromoendoscopy of the colon after oral administration of indigo carmine dye]. / Eficácia da cromoendoscopia de contraste do cólon com emprego do índigo-carmim administrado por via oral.

INTRODUCTION: Indigo carmine dye is usually spread directly over the colon in many chromoscopic techniques aiming better visualization of a lesion already detected by conventional colonoscopy. Examination of the colon already stained by oral administration of indigo carmine dye may increase detection of small lesions resulting in higher sensibility of the colonoscopy in diagnosing diminutive lesions. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the results regarding the quality of chromoscopic technique and the indigo carmine dye distribution over the colon after oral administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients undergoing colonoscopy were evaluated. A capsule containing 100 mg of indigo carmine dye was offered to these patients 30 min before oral mannitol prep routinely used. The indigo carmine dye contrast effect was graded as bad, regular or good according to preestablished criteria in three segments of the colon: right and left colon and the rectum. RESULTS: In the right colon, good indigo carmine dye contrast effect was observed in only 9 (18.8%) patients, while it was considered regular and bad in 32 (66.6%) and in 7 (14.6%) patients, respectively. A good indigo carmine dye contrast effect was never observed in this series for the left colon or in the rectum. As a matter of fact, no indigo carmine dye was observed in the left colon in 80.9% and in the rectum in 92% of patients in this series. CONCLUSION: Although it may be simple and desirable, oral administration of indigo carmine dye seems ineffective for enhancing detection of diminutive lesions by chromoscopy as result of poor colonic distribution of indigo carmine dye mainly at distal colonic sites.

Transplante de pancreas e rim simultaneo com enxerto renal proveniente de doador vivo / Pancreas-kidney simultaneous transplant with kidney graft from living donor

O transplante de pancreas e rim simultaneo (TPRS) assumiu na ultima decada, importante papel no tratamento dos pacientes diabeticos insulino-dependentes com...