ABSTRACT
Se revisan y discuten los antecedentes y la situación actual de la legislación mexicana hacia un mercado legalmente regulado de la cannabis y la marihuana. Los avances alcanzados al día de hoy, son esencialmente el resultado de los últimos 8 años de resoluciones y jurisprudencia de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación a diversas demandas promovidas por la vía jurisdiccional.En México, actualmente toda actividad para uso agro-industrial y médico-farmacéutico de la cannabis está regulada. Para su uso recreativo la regulación está en un punto crucial que llevaría al Congreso de la Unión a aprobar la Ley Federal y armonizar el Código Penal Federal en esta materia. (AU)
The background and current situation of mexican legislation towards a legally regulated market for cannabis and marijuana are reviewed and discussed. So far the breakthroughs, reached are essentially the result during the last 8 years of Nation Supreme Court of Justice resolutions and jurisprudence to varying lawsuits promoted by the jurisdictional route.Currently, all activities for agro-industrial and medical-pharmaceutical purposes of cannabis are already regulated in Mexico. For its recreational use, the regulation is at a crucial point leading the Congress to approve the Federal Law and harmonize the Federal Criminal Code in such a matter. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Marijuana Use , Legislation as Topic , MexicoABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Envenomation by North American scorpions of genus Centruroides is associated with a syndrome of neurotoxicity and respiratory compromise that disproportionately affects rural children. Severe scorpion envenomation is rare, which makes treatment difficult to study using conventional controlled clinical trials; and small-scale placebo-controlled trials conducted in tertiary centers are of limited generalizability to the community setting. Open label studies, although safer and easier to conduct, are of limited value unless a suitable comparator group is used. Historical controls may be appropriate when concurrent controls are not feasible or ethical. METHODS: A successful placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial design was adapted for community use in Arizona and Mexico. A comparator population was established by replacement of the placebo group with a retrospective cohort and preservation of criteria for inclusion, exclusion, dosing and endpoint assessment. Study endpoints were selected to demonstrate the clearest possible difference between treatment groups, while minimizing confounders. Results were summarized and endpoints were directly compared between groups and with the prior double-blind study. RESULTS: The clinical syndrome remained evident in 95.9% of the historical cohort (93/97) 4 h after admission, and their cumulative dose of midazolam given between baseline and discharge was 5.29 ± 8.68 mg/kg (range 0-62.8). Among 78 prospectively treated cases, none received midazolam and only 2 (2.8%) remained symptomatic at 4 h. Venom was detectable in the plasma of all antivenom recipients tested, and it dropped by 90% of baseline in 95% of cases studied. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pragmatic study strongly support the findings of the double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of the same antivenom. Recipients of antivenom at rural sites improved at a rate similar to that in the intensive care (ICU) setting, and historical cases resolved at a rate similar to that for untreated ICU controls. Use of antivenom in the primary care setting appeared to be safe and effective and to eliminate the need for intensive care or for transport to a tertiary care center, in all subjects prospectively studied.
Subject(s)
Antivenins/therapeutic use , Midazolam/therapeutic use , Scorpion Stings/drug therapy , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective Studies , Scorpion Venoms/bloodABSTRACT
Preliminary dose estimates by chromosomal analysis can be made rapidly in order to supplement early triage of radiation casualties based on clinical signs. An in vitro simulation of an accident with many casualties receiving whole or partial body exposure in the range 0-8 Gy is described. Faced with an urgent need for rapid results, confirmation of clinical triage can generally be obtained from scoring 20 metaphases per subject. Scoring should be increased to 50 cells where there is disagreement with the initial assessments or evidence of significantly inhomogeneous exposure.
