Improving the Diagnosis of Rib Fractures in the Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Project in a District General Hospital in the United Kingdom.

Background Falls in older people are a common presentation in emergency departments (ED) in the United Kingdom. They can lead to multiple injuries, including chest wall injuries (CWIs). Untreated CWI carries significant morbidity and mortality. However, its diagnosis remains challenging during the initial ED encounter. This led to a quality improvement project (QIP) to improve the diagnosis of CWI in patients presenting to William Harvey Hospital, a district general, trauma-unit ED in Willesborough, England. Methods The QIP was run from February 2020 to April 2021 for 14 months. A series of plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were completed to increase the proportion of CWIs diagnosed during the initial ED encounter to 90%. The primary interventions involved designing a new thoracic trauma proforma and the introduction of the modified pain, inspiratory effort, and cough (PIC) score to evaluate and triage patients with CWI. Other interventions included the delivery of an education programme on CWI. The secondary aims were to increase modified PIC score use and to reduce the time between ED presentation and computerised tomography (CT) scanning. Results A total of 147 patients were included in three PDSA cycles. The diagnosis of CWI during the initial ED encounter increased from 61% at baseline to 91%. The median time from ED attendance to the first CT reduced from 477 minutes to 169 minutes. Lastly, following the introduction of the thoracic trauma proforma, the modified PIC score was used in 26% of cases of CWI by the end of the QIP period. Conclusion Our QIP led to improvement in the early diagnosis of CWIs in ED, with significant improvements in door to CT time and the creation of a thoracic injury pathway in the trust leading to multi-specialty improvement of care of such patients.

Results of a simple intervention to improve documentation quality in major trauma.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate and thorough documentation is an important part of medical care, providing a legally binding historical record of events and means of communication. Trauma is a complex multidisciplinary environment, in which documentation is particularly important, but can be poor as a result. We investigate the effect of introducing a proforma documentation booklet, acting as a physical prompt to ensure full patient assessment, as well as full documentation, on documentation quality. METHODS: A case note review of all major trauma patients admitted over 12 months at a district hospital was performed by clinicians with case note review experience 6 months before and after introduction of a trauma booklet. Documentation quality was assessed, as was the presence of complete trauma teams. RESULTS: A total of 297 consecutive trauma patients over 12 months were reviewed: 136 patients preintervention and 161 patients after implementation of the trauma booklet. Use of a trauma booklet significantly increased the rate of primary survey documentation [82.8% (114/136) vs. 98.8% (159/161), χ P<0.001]. Similar results were seen for documented completion of secondary surveys [39% (53/136) vs. 66.5% (107/161), P<0.001]. Following implementation of a trauma booklet, a significant increase in full trauma team presence was observed (43.4 vs. 67.1%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the potential of the introduction of a structured proforma to significantly improve documentation quality in major trauma. In the future, all hospitals accepting trauma patients could benefit from the introduction of similar proformas.