ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first-line therapy for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, nearly 40% of patients have an incomplete response to UDCA. The addition of bezafibrate has shown biochemical benefit in this group of patients. AIM: To evaluate the long-term effects of UDCA in combination with bezafibrate on histological outcomes in patients with UDCA-refractory PBC. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients refractory to UDCA were included. Clinical parameters were monitored and paired liver biopsy (PLB) was performed after 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Of the total cohort, 49 subjects were analysed and 31 had PLB at 5 years. Values for serum ALP, AST, ALT and GGT significantly improved with UDCA-bezafibrate. This beneficial effect was observed at 12 months where 86% achieved ALP at normal levels. Analyses of PLB showed a significant decrease in liver damage as reflected by Ludwig (baseline 2.29 ± 1.2, to 1.84 ± 1 at year 5, P = 0.0242) and Ishak (baseline 6.19 ± 2.2 to 4.77 ± 2.2 at year 5, P = 0.0008) scores. Overall, regression of fibrosis was attained in 48% of patients. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in the proportion with cirrhosis from 19% at baseline to 3% at 5 years (P < 0.001). These beneficial effects were associated with better predictive risk scores using the GLOBE and UK-PBC prognosis models. CONCLUSIONS: Adding bezafibrate to UDCA in patients with UDCA-refractory PBC showed a significant decrease in fibrosis and inflammatory histological scores at 5 years. These beneficial effects warrant further evaluation in long-term cohort studies and controlled trials.
Subject(s)
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary , Ursodeoxycholic Acid , Bezafibrate/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Cholagogues and Choleretics/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/drug therapy , Longitudinal Studies , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Las metástasis en la mama de neoplasias sólidas extramamarias son inusuales. Deben ser claramente diferenciadas del carcinoma primario de la glándula debido a su diferente pronóstico y tratamiento. La metástasis en la mama de un carcinoma renal es aún más rara. Se describe aquí el caso de una mujer de 57 años con una metástasis en la mama de un carcinoma renal de células claras, previamente tratado.
Metástasis to the breast from extramammary solid neoplasms is a very unusual condition. It must be clearly distinguished from primary carcinoma of the gland because of its different treatment and prognosis. Metastasis from renal carcinoma to the breast is even more rare. We herein report a case of a 57 years old woman, with a metastasis to the breast of a previously treated clear cell renal carcinoma.
