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1.
Hypertension ; 80(11): 2485-2493, 2023 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37694400

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend pharmacological treatment for systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 130 to 139 mm Hg in secondary prevention. However, uncertainty persists in primary prevention in low cardiovascular risk patients (CVR). METHODS: Cohort study representative of the general population of Albacete/Southeast Spain. We examined 1029 participants with untreated blood pressure and free of cardiovascular disease, followed-up during 1992 to 2019. Cox regression modeled the association of SBP with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (outcome-1) and cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality (outcome-2). RESULTS: Participants' mean age was 44.8 years (53.8%, women; 77.1% at low-CVR); 20.3% had SBP 120 to 129; 13.0% 130 to 139 at low-CVR and 3.4% at high-CVR; and 27.4% ≥140 mm Hg. After a 25.7-year median follow-up, 218 outcome-1 and 302 outcome-2 cases occurred. Unadjusted hazard ratios of outcome-1 for these increasing SBP categories (versus <120) were 2.72, 2.27, 11.54, and 7.52, respectively; and 2.69, 2.32, 10.55, and 7.34 for outcome-2 (all P<0.01). After adjustment for other risk factors, hazard ratio (95% CI) of outcome-1 were 1.49 (0.91-2.44), 1.65 (0.94-2.91, P=0.08), 1.36 (0.72-2.57), and 1.82 (1.15-2.88), respectively, and 1.39 (0.91-2.11), 1.69 (1.05-2.73), 1.09 (0.63-1.88), and 1.64 (1.11-2.41) for outcome-2. Compared with 130 to 139 at low-CVR, hazard ratio for 130 to 139 at high-CVR was 4.85 for outcome-1 (P<0.001) and 4.43 for outcome-2 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this primary prevention population of relatively young average age, untreated SBP of 130 to 139 mm Hg at low-CVR had long-term prognostic value and might benefit from stricter SBP targets. High-CVR patients had nonsignificant higher risk (limited sample size) but 4-fold greater risk when compared with low-CVR. Overall, results indicate the importance of risk stratification, supporting risk-based decision-making.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Hypertension , Humans , Female , Adult , Male , Blood Pressure/physiology , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/complications , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Prognosis , Risk Factors
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 40(3): 597-604, 2023 Jun 21.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37073750

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Objective: to assess the evolution of adherence to Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity of university students of Health Sciences in Castilla-La Mancha during the COVID-19 lockdown and one year afterwards. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study using questionnaires on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity. A total of 893 students enrolled in Health Sciences degrees at the University of Castilla la Mancha participated, 575 in the first survey (during the lockdown) and 318 in the second (one year later). By sex, 672 women and 221 men (in the first survey 77.7 % were women and 22.3 % men while in the second survey these were 70.8 % and 29.2 %, respectively). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and the modified Prevention with Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) questionnaire. The level of physical activity was assessed with the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA). Results: one year after the COVID-19 confinement, consumption of olive oil has almost tripled. Daily fruit consumption has also doubled. Similarly, the consumption of wine and alcoholic beverages has doubled. Conversely, there was a reduction in the consumption of butter and margarine, as well as of carbonated drinks and sweetened beverages. Likewise, the percentage of university students with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased significantly (from 26 % to 34.3 %). Regarding physical activity level, there was a significant increase in the percentage of university students who engaged in light, moderate and even intense physical activity on an irregular basis. This increase was not found in the case of muscular strength and flexibility training activities. Conclusion: the results of the study indicate that, although the levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity have improved after the COVID-19 confinement, adherence to Mediterranean diet and physical activity level among the university population analyzed is still low. It is necessary to implement strategies for the achievement or maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in this population.


Introducción: Objetivo: valorar la evolución de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el nivel de actividad física de los estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y un año después de la misma. Método: estudio observacional transversal mediante cuestionarios sobre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el nivel de actividad física. Participaron 893 alumnos matriculados en grados de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 575 en la primera encuesta (durante la pandemia) y 318 en la segunda (un año después). Por sexos, 672 mujeres y 221 hombres (en la primera encuesta, el 77,7 % eran mujeres y el 22,3 % hombres, mientras que en la segunda lo eran el 70,8 % y 29,2 %, respectivamente). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se valoró con el cuestionario Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) y el cuestionario de Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED), modificado. El nivel de actividad física se valoró con el cuestionario Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA). Resultados: tras un año desde el confinamiento por la COVID-19, el consumo de aceite de oliva casi se ha triplicado. Se ha duplicado también el consumo de frutas diario. De igual modo, se ha duplicado el consumo de vino y bebidas alcohólicas. Por el contrario, se encontró una reducción del consumo de mantequilla y margarina, al igual que de bebidas carbonatadas y azucaradas. Asimismo, aumentó significativamente el porcentaje de estudiantes universitarios con adherencia alta a la dieta mediterránea (del 26 % al 34,3 %). En cuanto al nivel de actividad física, ha aumentado significativamente el porcentaje de estudiantes universitarios que realizan actividad fisica ligera, moderada e incluso intensa de forma irregular. Este aumento no se ha encontrado en el caso de las actividades de fuerza muscular y flexibilidad. Conclusión: los resultados del estudio nos indican que, aunque los niveles de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y de actividad física han mejorado tras el confinamiento por la COVID-19, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el nivel de actividad física de la población universitaria analizada siguen siendo bajos. Es necesario aplicar estrategias para la consecución o mantenimiento de un estilo de vida saludable en dicha población.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Diet, Mediterranean , Male , Humans , Female , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Universities , Pandemics/prevention & control , Communicable Disease Control , Students , Exercise , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spain/epidemiology , Feeding Behavior
3.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 6(10): 1245-1265, Oct. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224237

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La elección de los alimentos en época de confinamiento están influenciadas por múltiples factores como pueden ser la disponibilidad alimentaria que puede verse reducida y que constituyó uno de los principales retos a afrontar por los gobiernos en las pandemias pasadas, el estatus económico familiar que puede variar, así como el propio hecho del confinamiento que proporciona al grupo familiar de más tiempo para dedicar a la preparación de distintos platos pero también les sitúa en una situación que puede ser vivida como estresante y conducir a pautas distintas de consumo alimentario. Objetivo: Conocer el patrón dietético habitual, es decir previo al confinamiento recabando esta información en el momento en que se iniciaba aquel. Método: Estudio observacional transversal mediante encuesta alimentaria telemática anónima en línea que monitorizó la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en tiempo real en 492 adultos de España en la pandemia por covid19 durante la segunda quincena del mes marzo 2020. Resultados: Nuestro estudio muestra que el grado de adherencia a la DM en la primera parte del confinamiento ha sido elevado, mostrando una puntuación de 10.0 ± 2.0 en el test de MEDAS y de 9.3± 2.1 en el PREDIMED modificado. En concreto en nuestro estudio un 77% de la población estudiada presenta una alta adherencia a la dieta mediterránea frente a moderada adherencia el 22,4%y baja el 5%. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio refleja una alta adherencia de los participantes a la Dieta Mediterránea.(AU)


Introduction: The choice of food in times of confinement is influenced by multiple factors such as food availability that may be reduced and that constituted one of the main challenges to be faced by governments in past pandemics, the family economic status that can vary, as well as the fact of confinement that provides the family group with more time to dedicate to preparing different dishes but also places them in a situation that can be experienced as stressful and lead to different patterns of food consumption. Objective: To know the usual dietary pattern, that is, prior to confinement, collecting this information at the time it began. Method. Cross-sectional observational study using an anonymous online telematic food survey that monitored adherence to the Mediterranean diet in real time in 492 adults from Spain in the pandemic by covid19 during the second half of March 2020. Results: Our study shows that the degree of adherence to DM in the first part of confinement has been high, showing a score of 10.0 ± 2.0 in the MEDAS test and 9.3 ± 2.1 in the modified PREDIMED. Specifically, in our study, 77% of the studied population had a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, compared to a moderate adherence in 22.4% and a low adherence in 5%. Conclusions: Our study reflects a high adherence of the participants to the Mediterranean Diet.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Diet, Mediterranean , Pandemics , Coronavirus Infections/diet therapy , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Diet, Healthy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spain , Telemedicine , 24439 , Diet, Food, and Nutrition
4.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(5): 235-246, Sep-Oct. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-221047

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La dieta mediterránea (DMed) reduce la morbimortalidad. El confinamiento ocurrido en España entre los meses de marzo y mayo de 2020 podría generar cambios conductuales, entre ellos la adherencia a la DMed. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido valorar la citada adherencia al concluir dicho confinamiento y compararla con la situación previa. Métodos: Los datos se obtuvieron mediante 2cuestionarios en línea, uno al comienzo del confinamiento y otro al final, contestados por personas adultas procedentes de población española, las cuales respondieron de forma anónima y voluntaria. La valoración de la adherencia a la DMed se realizó a través de 2cuestionarios: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) y PREDIMED modificado, los cuales contenían 14 cuestiones cada uno. Otras variables incluidas fueron: edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), comunidad autónoma de procedencia, tipo de convivencia en domicilio y nivel de estudios alcanzado. Al concluir el confinamiento la comparación entre los cambios se realizó con el estadístico t de Student y la prueba de McNemar. Resultados: Participaron 207 personas (137 mujeres), con una edad media de 51,3±12,4 años, intervalo de edad: 20-83 años. Transcurrido el confinamiento, el IMC permaneció sin cambios (24,55±3,7kg/m2 inicial y 24,57±3,7kg/m2 final; p=0,752), sí aumentó el consumo de pescado (51,2% inicial y 60,9% al final; p=0,003), fundamentalmente en las mujeres, y la adherencia a la DMed: la puntuación total por término medio aumentó tanto en MEDAS (10,16±2,0 al inicio y 10,57±2,0 al final; p=0,001), como en PREDIMED modificado (9,47±2,1 al inicio y 9,93±2,1 al final; p <0,001). También la proporción de los participantes que tenían una puntuación clasificada como alta al principio aumentó al final del confinamiento: de 80,7% inicial en MEDAS a 87,9% al final (p=0,021) y de 68,6% inicial en PREDIMED modificado a 75,8% al final (p=0,037)...(AU)


Introduction: The Mediterranean diet (MDiet) reduces morbidity and mortality. The lockdown that took place in Spain between the months of March and May 2020 may have led to behavioural changes. The aim of the present study was to assess adherence to the MDiet at the end of the lockdown period and to compare it with the situation prior to it. Methods: Data were obtained by means of 2online questionnaires, one at the beginning of lockdown and the other at the end, completed by adults from the Spanish population, who responded anonymously and voluntarily. The assessment of adherence to the MDiet was carried out using 2questionnaires: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and modified PREDIMED, which contained 14 questions each. Other variables included were: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), autonomous community of origin, home living conditions, and level of studies achieved. At the end of the lockdown period, the comparison was made using the Student t statistic and the McNemar test. Results: A total of 207 people (137 women) participated, with a mean age 51.3±12.4 years, age range: 20-83 years. After lockdown, BMI remained unchanged (initial 24.55±3.7kg/m2 and final 24.57±3.7kg/m2, P=.752), as well as fish consumption (initial 51.2%) and 60.9% at the end, P=.003), mainly due to the women, and adherence to the Mdiet. The mean total score of MEDAS increased with 10.16±2.0 at the beginning, and 10.57±2.0 at the end; P=.001). This also occurred with the modified PREDIMED (9.47±2.1 at the beginning and 9.93±2.1 at the end, P<.001). Similarly, the proportion of participants that had a score classified as high at the beginning increased at the end of lockdown: from 80.7% initially in MEDAS to 87.9% at the end (P=.021) and from 68.6% initially in modified PREDIMED to 75.8% at the end (P=.037). Conclusions: In the study sample, during lockdown there were no changes in BMI, but there were increases in fish consumption and adherence to the MDiet.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pandemics , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Diet, Mediterranean , Social Isolation , Spain/epidemiology , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Surveys and Questionnaires , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 38(4)jul.-ago. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224530

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: valorar el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la práctica de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Método: estudio observacional transversal mediante encuesta alimentaria y de actividad física. La muestra contó con 575 estudiantes universitarios (77,7 % de mujeres). Se desarrolló una encuesta de recogida de datos inicial mediante la plataforma Google Forms (https://www.google.com/forms/about/). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se valoró con el cuestionario Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) y el cuestionario PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED), modificado. Para medir la actividad física se utilizó el cuestionario Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA), que valora la actividad física desempeñada. Resultados: se encontró en los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud una adherencia a la dieta mediterránea del 58,3 %, siendo la adherencia media del 38,6 % y la mala adherencia del 5,0 %, observándose un bajo consumo de frutas sin diferencias de sexo, un alto consumo de carne roja o procesada y de mantequillas o natas, con diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres. También hay un consumo alto de bebidas carbonatadas (más frecuente en mujeres). Asimismo, un porcentaje alto de estudiantes (22,5 % del total) no hace prácticamente ninguna actividad física. En cuanto al ejercicio físico, siempre es mayor entre los hombres, con diferencias significativas (p > 0,05). Conclusión: este estudio sugiere que la muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha presenta una aceptable adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y unos niveles de actividad física insuficientes. (AU)


Objective: to assess the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the practice of physical activity in university Health Sciences students in Castile-La Mancha. Methods: this was a cross-sectional, observational study by means of a dietary and physical activity survey. The sample consisted of 575 university students (77.7 % women). An initial data collection survey was developed using the Google Forms platform (https://www.google.com/forms/about/). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and the modified Prevention with Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) questionnaire. The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA) questionnaire was used to measure physical activity. Results: we found a 58.3 % adherence to Mediterranean diet among Health Sciences students, with 38.6 % of average adherence, and 5.0 % of poor adherence, with a low consumption of fruits with no gender differences, and a high consumption of red or processed meat and butter or cream with significant differences between women and men. There is also a high consumption of carbonated beverages (more frequent in women). Likewise, a high percentage of students (22.5 %) do practically no physical activity. As for physical exercise, it is always higher in men, with significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: this study suggests that the sample of university Health Sciences students in Castile-La Mancha shows an acceptable adherence to the Mediterranean diet and insufficient levels of physical activity. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Diet, Mediterranean , Exercise , Students, Health Occupations , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universities , Spain
6.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 6(7): 898-925, Jul. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-223349

ABSTRACT

La prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) constituye una prioridad fundamental en la práctica clínica diaria, tanto en Enfermería como en Medicina. Para conseguirla, el control de la dislipidemia es fundamental y la elaboración de guías por expertos, basadas en la evidencia disponible, el modo más racional de su abordaje. Pero en ocasiones, la producción científica llega a ser tan abundante que seleccionar la calidad de los estudios puede generar controversias. Este es el caso que se presenta en este estudio, donde las guías estadounidenses, basadas en ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados, han establecido un nuevo paradigma frente a las guías europeas que además han considerado los diseños de estudios observacionales. Se exponen los puntos fundamentales de ambos casos, la controversia generada y el posterior acercamiento entre ambas guías, valorando la importancia que aporta la evidencia científica.(AU)


Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes a critical priority of daily clinical practice, for both nurses and doctors. In order to achieve this, it’s essential to control dyslipidemia by using guides created by experts, based on available research. Occasionally, however, the amount of scientific research can be so abundant that choosing which studies to include can generate controversy. This study analyzes cases in which guides created in the United States, using evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials, have established a new paradigm compared to European guides, which have considered the designs of the American guides to be observational studies. The fundamental arguments of both sides will be discussed, as well as the resulting controversy and the subsequent reconciliation between both guides, which now place more value on scientific evidence.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dyslipidemias , Cardiovascular Diseases/nursing , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cholesterol , Triglycerides , Europe , United States , Risk Factors
7.
Clin Investig Arterioscler ; 33(5): 235-246, 2021.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34092432

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Mediterranean diet (MDiet) reduces morbidity and mortality. The lockdown that took place in Spain between the months of March and May 2020 may have led to behavioural changes. The aim of the present study was to assess adherence to the MDiet at the end of the lockdown period and to compare it with the situation prior to it. METHODS: Data were obtained by means of 2online questionnaires, one at the beginning of lockdown and the other at the end, completed by adults from the Spanish population, who responded anonymously and voluntarily. The assessment of adherence to the MDiet was carried out using 2questionnaires: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and modified PREDIMED, which contained 14 questions each. Other variables included were: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), autonomous community of origin, home living conditions, and level of studies achieved. At the end of the lockdown period, the comparison was made using the Student t statistic and the McNemar test. RESULTS: A total of 207 people (137 women) participated, with a mean age 51.3±12.4 years, age range: 20-83 years. After lockdown, BMI remained unchanged (initial 24.55±3.7kg/m2 and final 24.57±3.7kg/m2, P=.752), as well as fish consumption (initial 51.2%) and 60.9% at the end, P=.003), mainly due to the women, and adherence to the Mdiet. The mean total score of MEDAS increased with 10.16±2.0 at the beginning, and 10.57±2.0 at the end; P=.001). This also occurred with the modified PREDIMED (9.47±2.1 at the beginning and 9.93±2.1 at the end, P<.001). Similarly, the proportion of participants that had a score classified as high at the beginning increased at the end of lockdown: from 80.7% initially in MEDAS to 87.9% at the end (P=.021) and from 68.6% initially in modified PREDIMED to 75.8% at the end (P=.037). CONCLUSIONS: In the study sample, during lockdown there were no changes in BMI, but there were increases in fish consumption and adherence to the MDiet.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Diet Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Diet, Mediterranean/statistics & numerical data , Pandemics , Quarantine , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Female , Fishes , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Meat , Middle Aged , Physical Distancing , Prospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Young Adult
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 38(4): 814-820, 2021 Jul 29.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34024112

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Objective: to assess the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the practice of physical activity in university Health Sciences students in Castile-La Mancha. Methods: this was a cross-sectional, observational study by means of a dietary and physical activity survey. The sample consisted of 575 university students (77.7 % women). An initial data collection survey was developed using the Google Forms platform (https://www.google.com/forms/about/). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and the modified Prevention with Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) questionnaire. The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA) questionnaire was used to measure physical activity. Results: we found a 58.3 % adherence to Mediterranean diet among Health Sciences students, with 38.6 % of average adherence, and 5.0 % of poor adherence, with a low consumption of fruits with no gender differences, and a high consumption of red or processed meat and butter or cream with significant differences between women and men. There is also a high consumption of carbonated beverages (more frequent in women). Likewise, a high percentage of students (22.5 %) do practically no physical activity. As for physical exercise, it is always higher in men, with significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: this study suggests that the sample of university Health Sciences students in Castile-La Mancha shows an acceptable adherence to the Mediterranean diet and insufficient levels of physical activity.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: valorar el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la práctica de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Método: estudio observacional transversal mediante encuesta alimentaria y de actividad física. La muestra contó con 575 estudiantes universitarios (77,7 % de mujeres). Se desarrolló una encuesta de recogida de datos inicial mediante la plataforma Google Forms (https://www.google.com/forms/about/). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se valoró con el cuestionario Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) y el cuestionario PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED), modificado. Para medir la actividad física se utilizó el cuestionario Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA), que valora la actividad física desempeñada. Resultados: se encontró en los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud una adherencia a la dieta mediterránea del 58,3 %, siendo la adherencia media del 38,6 % y la mala adherencia del 5,0 %, observándose un bajo consumo de frutas sin diferencias de sexo, un alto consumo de carne roja o procesada y de mantequillas o natas, con diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres. También hay un consumo alto de bebidas carbonatadas (más frecuente en mujeres). Asimismo, un porcentaje alto de estudiantes (22,5 % del total) no hace prácticamente ninguna actividad física. En cuanto al ejercicio físico, siempre es mayor entre los hombres, con diferencias significativas (p > 0,05). Conclusión: este estudio sugiere que la muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha presenta una aceptable adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y unos niveles de actividad física insuficientes.


Subject(s)
Diet, Mediterranean/statistics & numerical data , Exercise/psychology , Students/psychology , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet, Mediterranean/psychology , Exercise/standards , Exercise/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Male , Students/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Universities/organization & administration , Universities/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 38(1): 109-120, ene.-feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-198847

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: el confinamiento domiciliario debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 puede influir en los perfiles dietéticos de la población, sometida súbitamente a un factor estresante que implica importantes modificaciones en los hábitos de vida. Entre otros, la restricción de la movilidad y el cambio en la forma de realizar el trabajo, pasando de ser presencial a no presencial (teletrabajo). OBJETIVO: conocer el patrón dietético habitual previo al confinamiento y valorar la evolución de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea semanalmente hasta la conclusión del mismo. MÉTODOS: los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario anónimo semanal en línea que monitorizó la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en tiempo real en una muestra inicial de 490 adultos de España. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se valoró mediante los cuestionarios MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) y PREDIMED modificado. RESULTADOS: el confinamiento debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 influyó en los hábitos alimenticios de los participantes, de modo que la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea aumentó al concluir el período de confinamiento, lo cual tiene especial interés, ya que se partía de una buena adherencia inicial (adherencia MEDAS: 10,03 ± 1,9 inicial y 10,47 ± 2,1 final; p = 0,016; adherencia PREDIMED modificado: 9,26 ± 2,0 inicial y 9,89 ± 2,1 final; p < 0,001), sin observarse cambios clínicamente relevantes en la composición corporal valorada por el índice de masa corporal (IMC) excepto en las mujeres (23,3 kg/m2 ± 2,9 inicial y 23,4 kg/m2 ± 2,9 final; p < 0,001), con un discreto aumento de dicho parámetro pero manteniendo en promedio los valores saludables aconsejados por las guías. CONCLUSIONES: en la población estudiada observamos una mejora de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea sin observar cambios clínicamente relevantes en el IMC


INTRODUCTION: home confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic can influence the dietary profiles of the population, suddenly subjected to a stressful factor that implies important modifications in life habits. Among others, a restriction of mobility and a change in the way of carrying out work, going from being face-to-face to non-contact (teleworking). OBJECTIVE: to know the usual dietary pattern prior to confinement, and to assess the evolution of adherence to the Mediterranean diet weekly until its conclusion. METHODS: data were collected using a weekly anonymous online questionnaire that monitored adherence to the Mediterranean diet in real time in an initial sample of 490 adults from Spain. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) and modified PREDIMED questionnaires. RESULTS: confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the eating habits of the participants, so that adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased at the end of the confinement period, which is of special interest, since it was based on a good initial adherence (MEDAS adherence: 10.03 ± 1.9 initial and 10.47 ± 2.1 final; p = 0.016; modified PREDIMED adherence: 9.26 ± 2.0 initial and 9.89 ± 2.1 final; p < 0.001), without observing clinically relevant changes in body composition as measured by body mass index (BMI) except in women (23.3 kg/m2 ± 2.9 initial and 23.4 kg/m2 ± 2.9 final; p < 0.001), with a slight increase in this parameter, but maintaining on average the healthy values recommended by the guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: in the studied population we observed an improvement in adherence to the Mediterranean diet without observing clinically relevant changes in BMI


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Diet, Mediterranean , Pandemics , Feeding Behavior , Diet/standards , Body Mass Index , Stress, Psychological , Habits , Surveys and Questionnaires , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies , Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 38(1): 109-120, 2021 Feb 23.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33319567

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: home confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic can influence the dietary profiles of the population, suddenly subjected to a stressful factor that implies important modifications in life habits. Among others, a restriction of mobility and a change in the way of carrying out work, going from being face-to-face to non-contact (teleworking). Objective: to know the usual dietary pattern prior to confinement, and to assess the evolution of adherence to the Mediterranean diet weekly until its conclusion. Methods: data were collected using a weekly anonymous online questionnaire that monitored adherence to the Mediterranean diet in real time in an initial sample of 490 adults from Spain. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) and modified PREDIMED questionnaires. Results: confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the eating habits of the participants, so that adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased at the end of the confinement period, which is of special interest, since it was based on a good initial adherence (MEDAS adherence: 10.03 ± 1.9 initial and 10.47 ± 2.1 final; p = 0.016; modified PREDIMED adherence: 9.26 ± 2.0 initial and 9.89 ± 2.1 final; p < 0.001), without observing clinically relevant changes in body composition as measured by body mass index (BMI) except in women (23.3 kg/m2 ± 2.9 initial and 23.4 kg/m2 ± 2.9 final; p < 0.001), with a slight increase in this parameter, but maintaining on average the healthy values recommended by the guidelines. Conclusions: in the studied population we observed an improvement in adherence to the Mediterranean diet without observing clinically relevant changes in BMI.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el confinamiento domiciliario debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 puede influir en los perfiles dietéticos de la población, sometida súbitamente a un factor estresante que implica importantes modificaciones en los hábitos de vida. Entre otros, la restricción de la movilidad y el cambio en la forma de realizar el trabajo, pasando de ser presencial a no presencial (teletrabajo). Objetivo: conocer el patrón dietético habitual previo al confinamiento y valorar la evolución de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea semanalmente hasta la conclusión del mismo. Métodos: los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario anónimo semanal en línea que monitorizó la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en tiempo real en una muestra inicial de 490 adultos de España. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se valoró mediante los cuestionarios MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) y PREDIMED modificado. Resultados: el confinamiento debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 influyó en los hábitos alimenticios de los participantes, de modo que la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea aumentó al concluir el período de confinamiento, lo cual tiene especial interés, ya que se partía de una buena adherencia inicial (adherencia MEDAS: 10,03 ± 1,9 inicial y 10,47 ± 2,1 final; p = 0,016; adherencia PREDIMED modificado: 9,26 ± 2,0 inicial y 9,89 ± 2,1 final; p < 0,001), sin observarse cambios clínicamente relevantes en la composición corporal valorada por el índice de masa corporal (IMC) excepto en las mujeres (23,3 kg/m2 ± 2,9 inicial y 23,4 kg/m2 ± 2,9 final; p < 0,001), con un discreto aumento de dicho parámetro pero manteniendo en promedio los valores saludables aconsejados por las guías. Conclusiones: en la población estudiada observamos una mejora de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea sin observar cambios clínicamente relevantes en el IMC.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Diet, Mediterranean/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Behavior , Quarantine , Adult , Diet Surveys , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Spain
11.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 5(10): 1145-1162, oct. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-199388

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: El envejecimiento implica padecer enfermedades crónicas y ansiedad. Los objetivos han sido relacionar la ansiedad con las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) y sus factores de riesgo (FRCV). También con la actividad física (AF) y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional y analítico, transversal. Participaron 27 voluntarios (16 mujeres) mayores de 65 años. La ansiedad se valoró con la escala de Hamilton. El resto de variables mediante encuesta estructurada. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariante. RESULTADOS: Edad media 75,3 años. Ansiedad media 10,4. Los bebedores presentaron una ansiedad de 6,7 frente a 15,9 en los no bebedores (p = 0,004). La media de ansiedad somática fue 3,1 en los que hacían otro tipo de AF frente a 4,3 en los que no (p = 0,025). CONCLUSIONES: No se ha encontrado relación entre la ansiedad y las ECV y sus FRCV. Tampoco con el consumo de tabaco. Sí con el consumo de alcohol y la AF


OBJECTIVE: Aging implies suffering from chronic diseases and anxiety. The objectives are to relate anxiety with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors (CVRF). Also with physical activity (PA) and the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. METHODS: Observational and analytical, cross-sectional study. An amount of 27 volunteers have participated (16 women) older than 65 years. Anxiety was assessed with the Hamilton scale. The rest of variables through structured survey. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used. RESULTS: Average age 75.3 years. Average anxiety 10.4. The alcoholic drinkers presented an anxiety of 6.7 versus 15.9 in non-alcoholic drinkers (p = 0.004). The mean somatic anxiety was 3.1 in those who did another type of PA compared to 4.3 in those who did not (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: No relationship was found between anxiety and CVD and their CVRF. Neither with tobacco consumption. There is with alcohol consumption and PA


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Anxiety/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Tobacco Use/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Life Style , Aging
12.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(2): 275-284, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-190591

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: la obesidad y el sobrepeso constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en el mundo. De ahí la importancia de desarrollar y aplicar estrategias que logren disminuir el peso en esta población. Por ello nos propusimos como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de la intervención en la obesidad con tres enfoques diferentes, uno de ellos con una plataforma que promueve la actividad física. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: ensayo clínico multicéntrico, aleatorizado, controlado y de grupos paralelos que comparó 3 brazos de pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad con un seguimiento de 12 meses. Los pacientes se asignaron al azar a tres grupos de intervención en un centro de Atención Primaria: G1: grupo de control que recibió las recomendaciones habituales para perder peso siguiendo el Consenso SEEDO 2000; G2: intervención motivacional de la obesidad (IMOAP) con enfermera entrenada y pequeños grupos de trabajo periódico; G3: intervención motivacional de la obesidad (IMOAP) añadiendo el uso de una plataforma digital que permite registrar la actividad física, la monitoriza y favorece la práctica de esta (IWOPI). Se recolectaron las variables: peso, talla, IMC, circunferencia de la cintura, parámetros lipídicos, presión arterial y hemoglobina glucosilada. Después de realizar las intervenciones se estudiaron los indicadores de relevancia clínica: riesgo relativo (RR), reducción del riesgo absoluto (ARR), reducción del riesgo relativo (RRR) y número necesario de pacientes a tratar (NNT), tanto por intención de tratar como por eficacia biológica. RESULTADOS: Inicialmente se incluyeron 185 pacientes en el estudio. En total, 17 pacientes abandonaron el estudio: un paciente en el G3 debido a un cambio de domicilio, uno en el G2 por razones de trabajo y 15 en el G1 aduciendo ausencia de resultados. De este modo, 168 pacientes completaron el estudio: 47 en G1, 61 en G2 y 60 en G3. De la población estudiada, el 57,1 % eran mujeres y el 42,9 % eran varones. El peso de los pacientes de los tres grupos descendió en cada una de las visitas, observándose al final del estudio una reducción de peso media de 4,37 kg, siendo esta de 5,34 kg en el G2, de 6,29 kg en el G3 y de 1,25 kg en el grupo de control (G1). También se observó una reducción de los niveles de colesterol en los tres grupos. El IMC mostró una reducción promedio general de -1,56, siendo esta de -1,70 en el G2, de -2,26 en el G3 y de 0,47 en el G1. En relación con el perfil lipídico, los niveles de colesterol total se redujeron en todos los grupos, siendo la mayor disminución la observada en el G3. Los niveles de triglicéridos se redujeron significativamente solo en dos grupos, G2 y G3 (-19,66 y -19,43, respectivamente). La hemoglobina glucosilada mostró una ligera disminución que no alcanzó la significación estadística. Los parámetros clínicamente relevantes fueron: a) G1 (control) frente a G2 (IMOAP): riesgo relativo (RR), 0,10 a 0,46; reducción del riesgo relativo (RRR), 0,54 a 0,90; reducción del riesgo absoluto (ARR), 0,30 a 0,61; número necesario a tratar (NNT), 3 a 2; b) G1 frente a G3 (IMOAP-PA): RR, 0,07 a 0,30; RRR, 0,70 a 0,93; ARR, 0,61 a 0,86; NNT: 2 a 1; c) G2 frente a G3: RR, 0,54 a 0,84; RRR, 0,16 a 0,46; ARR, 0,14 a 0,43; NNT, 7 a 2. CONCLUSIONES: la plataforma de salud digital que estimula la actividad física, agregada a una intervención motivacional en pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad, aporta un beneficio adicional significativo en términos de resultados de pérdida de peso, de reducción del IMC y de mejora del perfil de lípidos en estas personas con un coste más efectivo


OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effectiveness of three interventions for obesity, one of them including a platform that promotes physical activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial that compared 3 arms with overweight or obese patients with a follow-up of 12 months. Patients were randomized into three groups for an intervention in a primary care center: G1: control group, which received the usual recommendations for losing weight according to the SEEDO 2000 Consensus; G2: motivational intervention for obesity (IMOAP) with a trained nurse and small, regular workgroups; G3: motivational intervention for obesity (IMOAP) plus use of a digital platform that records, monitors, and fosters physical activity (IWOPI). Variables collected included: weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, lipid parameters, blood pressure, and glycosylated hemoglobin. RESULTS: a total of 185 patients were initially included in the study. Seventeen patients left the study, and 168 patients completed the study: 47 in G1, 61 in G2, and 60 in G3. Of the population studied, 57.1 % were women. A general average weight reduction of 4.37 kg was seen at the end of the study - 5.34 kg in G2, 6.29 kg in G3, and 1.25 kg in the control group (G1). Cholesterol levels were also reduced in the three groups, but without reaching statistical significance. Clinically relevant parameters included: G1 (control) versus G2 (IMOAP): relative risk (RR), 0.10 to 0.46; relative risk reduction (RRR), 0.54 to 0.90; absolute risk reduction (ARR), 0.30 to 0.61; number needed to treat (NNT), 3 to 2; G1 versus G3 (IMOAP-PA): RR, 0.07 to 0.30; RRR, 0.70 to 0.93; ARR, 0.61 to 0.86; NNT: 2 to 1; G2 versus G3: RR, 0.54 to 0.84; RRR, 0.16 to 0.46; ARR, 0.14 to 0.43; NNT, 7 to 2. CONCLUSIONS: the digital health platform that fostered physical activity, added to a motivational intervention in overweight or obese patients, provided a significant additional benefit in terms of weight loss, BMI reduction, and lipid profile improvement in patients affected by overweight or obesity with a more effective cost


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Weight Reduction Programs/methods , Obesity Management , Primary Health Care , Motor Activity , Motivation , Treatment Outcome , Weight by Height , Body Mass Index , Waist Circumference
13.
Nutr Hosp ; 37(2): 275-284, 2020 Apr 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32054284

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the obesity intervention with three different approaches, one of them with a platform that promotes physical activity. Material and method: randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial that compared 3 arms, multicenter study in overweight or obese patients with a follow-up of 12 months. The patients were randomized into three groups: Intervention in the primary care center with G1 intervention: Control group, which received the usual recommendations to lose weight following the SEEDO 2000 Consensus. G2: Motivational intervention of obesity (IMOAP) with trained nurse and small periodic work groups. G3: Motivational intervention of obesity (IMOAP) adding the use of a digital platform that allows physical activity to be recorded, monitored and at the same time favors the practice of this (iwopi). Variables were collected: weight, height, BMI, circumference of the waist, lipid parameters, blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin. Results: 185 patients were initially included in the study. Seventeen patients left the study. Thus, 168 patients completed the study: 47 in G1, 61 in G2 and 60 in G3. Of the population studied, 57.1% were women. observing a general average weight reduction at the end of the study of 4.37 kg, being 5.34 kg in the group 2.6.29 kg in the group 3 and 1.25 kg in the control group (G1). It was also observed that cholesterol levels in three groups were reduced. at did not reach a statistically significant value. The clinically relevant parameters were: group 1 (control) versus group 2 (IMOAP): relative risk (RR), 0.10 to 0.46; relative risk reduction (RRR), 0.54 to 0.90; absolute risk reduction (ARR), from 0.30 to 0.61; number needed to treat (NNT), 3 to 2. Group 1 versus group 3 (IMOAP-PA): RR, 0.07 to 0.30; RRR, 0.70 to 0.93; ARR, 0.61 to 0.86; NNT: 2 to 1. Group 2 versus group 3: RR, 0.54 to 0.84; RRR, 0.16 to 0.46; ARR, 0.14 to 0.43; NNT, 7 to 2. Conclusions: The digital health platform that stimulates physical activity added to an interventionist motivation in overweight or obese patients is a significant additional benefit in terms of weight loss results, reduction of BMI and lipid profile in patients affected by overweight or obesity and a more effective cost.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de la intervención de la obesidad con tres enfoques diferentes, uno de ellos con una plataforma que promueve la actividad física. Material y métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, controlado, paralelo que comparó 3 brazos, estudio multicéntrico en pacientes con sobrepeso u obesos con un seguimiento de 12 meses. Los pacientes fueron asignados al azar en tres grupos: Intervención en el centro de Atención Primaria con intervención G1: Grupo control, el cual recibía las recomendaciones habituales de perder peso siguiendo el Consenso SEEDO 2000 G2: Intervención motivacional de la obesidad (IMOAP) con enfermera entrenada y pequeños grupos de trabajo periódico. G3: Intervención Motivacional de la obesidad (IMOAP) añadiendo el uso de una plataforma digital que permite registrar la actividad física, Se recolectaron variables: peso, talla, IMC, circunferencia de la cintura, parámetros lipídicos, presión arterial, hemoglobina glicosilada. Resultados: 185 pacientes fueron incluidos inicialmente en el estudio. 17 pacientes abandonaron el estudio. De ese modo, 168 pacientes completaron el estudio: 47 en G1, 61 en G2 y 60 en G3. De la población estudiada, el 57,1% eran mujeres. Se observa una reducción de peso promedio general al final del estudio de 4,37 kg, siendo 5,34 kg en el grupo 2,6,29 kg en el grupo 3 y 1,25 kg en el grupo control (G1). También se observó que los niveles de colesterol en tres grupos se redujeron. El IMC mostró una reducción promedio general de -1,56, siendo -1,70 en G2, -2,26 en G3 y 0,47 en G1. Los parámetros clínicamente relevantes fueron: grupo 1 (control) versus grupo 2 (IMOAP): riesgo relativo (RR), 0,10 a 0,46; reducción del riesgo relativo (RRR), 0.54 a 0.90; reducción del riesgo absoluto (ARR), de 0.30 a 0.61; número necesario para tratar (NNT), 3 a 2. Grupo 1 versus grupo 3 (IMOAP-PA): RR, 0.07 a 0.30; RRR, 0,70 a 0,93; ARR, 0,61 a 0,86; NNT: 2 a 1. Grupo 2 versus grupo 3: RR, 0.54 a 0.84; RRR, 0,16 a 0,46; ARR, 0,14 a 0,43; NNT, 7 a 2. Conclusiones: la plataforma de salud digital que estimula actividad física agregada a una motivación intervencionista en pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad es un beneficio adicional significativo en términos de resultados de pérdida de peso, reducción del IMC y perfil de lípidos en pacientes afectados por sobrepeso u obesidad y un costo más efectivo.


Subject(s)
Motivation , Primary Health Care , Weight Loss , Adult , Body Weight , Exercise , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity , Overweight
14.
J Cardiovasc Nurs ; 35(2): 210-216, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31904694

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is extraordinarily common and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the particular impact of the sum of CVRFs on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been sufficiently explored in Europe. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in survival-free probability of CVD in relation to the number of CVRFs in a Spanish population. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted from 1992 to 2016 in a Spanish population that included 1144 subjects with no history of CVD (mean age, 46.7 years) drawn from the general population. We calculated the number of CVRFs for each subject (male sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and left ventricular hypertrophy). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality records were collected, and survival analysis was applied (competing risk models). RESULTS: There were 196 cardiovascular events (17.1%). The differences in total survival-free probability of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of the different values of the sum of CVRFs were significant, increasing the risk of CVD (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.50) per each additional risk factor. CONCLUSION: Differences in survival-free probability of CVD in relation to the number of CVRFs present were statistically significant. Further studies are needed to corroborate our results.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Adult , Cluster Analysis , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors
15.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 31(6): 245-250, nov.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-185149

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Valorar el efecto de un programa de actividad física motivada sobre los parámetros lipídicos más relacionados con el exceso de peso (triglicéridos [TG] y colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad [cHDL]) en una intervención para reducir peso en pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos: Ensayo clínico, aleatorizado y controlado, con 2 brazos y un seguimiento de 12 meses. Los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron aleatorizados en 2 grupos de intervención: intervención motivacional de obesidad con enfermera entrenada previamente (G1), grupo motivacional, con apoyo de plataforma digital y programa de actividad física motivada (iwopi [G2]). Las variables antropométricas medidas fueron estatura, peso, índice masa corporal (IMC) y las analíticas, colesterol total, TG y cHDL. Resultados: Han participado en el estudio 123 pacientes, de los que 61 fueron aleatorizados al G1 y 62 al G2. Todos los grupos disminuyeron significativamente el peso al final del estudio, siendo la disminución en el G1 (-4,898kg) y del G2 (-6,292kg). También todos los grupos disminuyeron significativamente (p < 0,05) el colesterol total y los TG, y aumentaron el cHDL, siendo estos cambios más intensos en el grupo G2, el grupo que más peso perdió. Conclusiones: La reducción de peso se acompaña de cambios favorables en los parámetros lipídicos relacionados con el sobrepeso y la obesidad, siendo más intensos cuanto mayor es la pérdida de peso


Objective: To assess the effect of a motivated physical activity program on the lipid parameters most related to excess weight (triglycerides [TG], and high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL]) in a weight-loss intervention in obese and overweight patients. Methods: A randomised and controlled, 2-arm, clinical trial and a 12-months follow-up was conducted. The patients included in the study were randomised into 2 intervention groups: Motivational intervention of obesity with a previously trained nurse (G1), motivational group, with digital platform support and motivated physical activity program (iwopi [G2]). The anthropometric variables measured were height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as the analytical variables, total cholesterol, TG and HDL-C. Results: A total of 123 patients participated in the study, of which 61 were randomised to G1, and 62 to G2. Both groups significantly decreased weight at the end of the study, with the decrease in G1 being 4.898 kg, and 6.292 kg in G2. In both groups there was also a significantly decrease (P < .05) in total cholesterol and TG, and increase in HDL cholesterol, with these changes being more intense in the G2 group, as well as being the group that lost more weight. Conclusions: Weight reduction is accompanied by favourable changes in lipid parameters related to overweight and obesity, being more intense the greater the weight loss


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Motor Activity/physiology , Obesity/therapy , Overweight/therapy , Lipids/analysis , Healthy People Programs/organization & administration , Lipid Metabolism/physiology , Healthy Lifestyle
16.
Clin Investig Arterioscler ; 31(6): 245-250, 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30971374

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a motivated physical activity program on the lipid parameters most related to excess weight (triglycerides [TG], and high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL]) in a weight-loss intervention in obese and overweight patients. METHODS: A randomised and controlled, 2-arm, clinical trial and a 12-months follow-up was conducted. The patients included in the study were randomised into 2 intervention groups: Motivational intervention of obesity with a previously trained nurse (G1), motivational group, with digital platform support and motivated physical activity program (iwopi [G2]). The anthropometric variables measured were height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as the analytical variables, total cholesterol, TG and HDL-C. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients participated in the study, of which 61 were randomised to G1, and 62 to G2. Both groups significantly decreased weight at the end of the study, with the decrease in G1 being 4.898kg, and 6.292kg in G2. In both groups there was also a significantly decrease (P<.05) in total cholesterol and TG, and increase in HDL cholesterol, with these changes being more intense in the G2 group, as well as being the group that lost more weight. CONCLUSIONS: Weight reduction is accompanied by favourable changes in lipid parameters related to overweight and obesity, being more intense the greater the weight loss.


Subject(s)
Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Exercise , Motivation , Overweight/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Adult , Aged , Cholesterol/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mobile Applications , Obesity/blood , Program Evaluation , Weight Loss
17.
J Cardiovasc Nurs ; 33(6): E17-E23, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30273261

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although studies exist comparing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), most have limitations in the mathematical models used to evaluate their prognostic power adjusted for the other risk factors (cardiovascular risk). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare LDL-C and non-HDL-C in patients with CVD to determine whether both parameters predict CVD similarly. METHODS: A cohort of 1322 subjects drawn from the general population of a Spanish region was followed between 1992 and 2006. The outcome was time to CVD. Secondary variables were gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, personal history of CVD, current smoker, body mass index, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C. Two CVD prediction models were constructed with the secondary variables, with only the lipid parameter varying (non-HDL-C or LDL-C). In the construction of the models, the following were considered: multiple imputation, events per variable of 10 or more, and continuous predictors as powers. The validation was conducted by bootstrapping obtaining the distribution of the C statistic (discrimination) and the probabilities observed by smooth curves. These results were compared in both models using graphical and analytical testing. RESULTS: There were a total of 137 CVD events. The models showed no differences in the distributions of the C statistic (discrimination, P = .536) or in the calibration plot. CONCLUSIONS: In our population, LDL-C and non-HDL-C were equivalent at predicting CVD. More studies using this methodology are needed to confirm these results.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Statistical , Multivariate Analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Assessment/methods
18.
J Clin Lipidol ; 12(6): 1482-1492.e3, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30150141

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is an extremely rare lipoprotein disorder caused by mutations in at least 5 genes of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) complex. OBJECTIVE: This work shows the molecular analysis of patients diagnosed with FCS, who attended the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society lipid units and were included in the National Dyslipidemia Registry. METHODS: Among the 238 patients registered with severe hypertriglyceridemia (fasting triglycerides >1000 mg/dL), 26 were diagnosed with FCS as they had confirmed postheparin plasma LPL activity deficiency and/or homozygosity for loss-of-function mutations in LPL, GPIHBP1, APOC2, LMF1, or Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5). RESULTS: Among the 26 FCS cases, 23 had mutations in the homozygous state: 19 in LPL and 4 in the GPIHBP1 gene. The molecular analysis revealed 3 novel mutations: 2 in LPL, in 2 unrelated patients (c.312delA; p.Asp105Thrfs*66 and c.629A>G; p.His210Arg), and 1 in GPHIBP1 in a third patient (c.502delC; p.Leu168Serfs*83). These 3 patients had confirmed lack of LPL activity. Three additional patients with confirmed LPL activity deficiency were heterozygous carriers of mutations in the genes analyzed. Among these, we found 2 novel mutations in APOA5 (c.50-1G>A and c.326_327insC; p.Tyr110Leufs*158). CONCLUSION: We have identified 5 novel pathogenic mutations: 2 in LPL, 1 in GPIHBP1, and 2 in the APOA5 gene. The genetic defaults accounting for the LPL activity deficiency of 23 of them have been clearly identified and 3 patients, who harbored mutations in heterozygosity, were diagnosed based on LPL activity deficiency, which raises the question of the involvement of new genes in the manifestation of FCS.


Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I/genetics , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I/metabolism , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Societies, Medical , Adult , Female , Humans , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I/epidemiology , Lipoprotein Lipase/genetics , Lipoprotein Lipase/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Spain , Triglycerides/blood
19.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 30(2): 56-63, mar.-abr. 2018. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-172067

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia cardiaca más frecuente. En su manejo, es clave valorar la necesidad de anticoagulación. Nuestro objetivo fue valorar en pacientes diagnosticados de FA no valvular si la indicación de anticoagulación es adecuada en función de la escala CHA2DS2-VASc y la adecuación del rango del International Normalizad Ratio (INR) en los pacientes en tratamiento con antivitamina K. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico transversal. Se seleccionaron 232 pacientes con diagnóstico de FA no valvular. Se han analizado variables demográficas, variables de la escala CHA2DS2-VASc, tratamiento prescrito y valores de INR durante 6 meses consecutivos. La comparación de variables se realizó con ji cuadrado y la tendencia lineal entre grupos por Mantel Haenzel, siendo calculadas las odds ratios. Resultados: La prevalencia total de FA no valvular en el área fue 1,05%. El 88,4% presentó un CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2. Un 71,1% de pacientes con fibrilación auricular estaban anticoagulados, de los que el 58,2% tomaban fármacos antivitamina K. El 46,7% de los pacientes en tratamiento con acenocumarol presentó un INR con un tiempo en rango terapéutico directo insuficiente. La prescripción de antivitamina K en los pacientes con FA permanente fue superior que en pacientes con FA paroxística (62,8 vs. 37,2%, p<0,001). El consumo de fármacos que aumentan el sangrado se asoció a un peor control de INR (tras ajuste por las principales variables de relevancia clínica (odds ratio 2,17 [1,02-4,59], p=0,043). Conclusiones: El control de la anticoagulación oral con antivitamina K fue subóptimo pese a la adecuada adherencia de los pacientes. Los pacientes con FA paroxística recibieron menos antivitamina-K que los de FA persistente/permanente (AU)


Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. To assess the need for anticoagulation is essential for its management. Our objective was to investigate whether the indication of anticoagulation was adequate in patients diagnosed with non-valvular AF, given the CHA2-DS2-VASc scale, measuring the International Normalizad Ratio range (INR) in patients treated with anti-vitamin K drugs. Methods: This is an observational and cross sectional study. 232 patients with atrial fibrillation were included. We analyzed demographic, the CHA2-DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED variables, the treatment and INR values for 6 consequentive months. The confrontation of variables was performed using chi-square and Mantel-Haenzel test. Results: The prevalence of AF was 1.05%. The 88.4% had CHA2-DS2-VASc ≥ 2. The 71.1% were taking anticoagulants, of which 58.2% were under antivitamin k. The 46.7% of patients taking antivitamin K, presented inadequate range of INR. There was a greater prescription of antivitamin k in patients with persistent or permanent AF compared to the paroxysmal form (62.8 vs. 37.2% p<.001). The use of drugs that increase bleeding was associated with a worse control of INR after adjustment for the main variables of clinical relevance (odds ratio 2.17 [1.02-4.59], p=.043). Conclusions: The level of anticoagulation with antivitamin K was inadequate in our sample, despite a proper follow up and adherence to treatment. Patients with paroxysmal AF received less antivitamin K than those with persistent/permanent AF (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Primary Health Care , Acenocoumarol/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Odds Ratio , Thrombosis/complications , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Thrombosis/prevention & control , 28599 , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use
20.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 30(2): 64-71, mar.-abr. 2018. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-172068

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El colesterol no transportado por las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-no-HDL) está adquiriendo relevancia en su participación en la valoración del riesgo cardiovascular y como diana terapéutica. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido valorar la capacidad predictiva independiente, tanto del c-no-HDL como del colesterol de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL), principal prioridad en las dislipidemias para reducir el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), en la morbilidad de causa cardiovascular, en una muestra de origen poblacional. Métodos: El diseño del estudio corresponde a una cohorte prospectiva en la que han participado 1.186 individuos en el grupo c-no-HDL y 1.177 en el grupo cLDL, seguidos durante 10,7años (DE=2,2), los cuales no habían padecido ningún episodio cardiovascular (CV) previo. Las variables predictoras incluidas en el ajuste han sido: género, edad, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, estado de fumador y c-no-HDL en un grupo. En el otro grupo, formado por pacientes que presentaban niveles de triglicéridos ≤400mg/dl, se sustituyó el c-no-HDL por el cLDL. Se calcularon curvas de supervivencia (Kaplan-Meier) y se aplicaron dos modelos de regresión de Cox, uno por cada grupo.Resultados: El grupo c-no-HDL presentó un 6,2% de episodios CV no mortales durante el seguimiento, y el grupo cLDL, un 6,0%. Después del ajuste, por cada aumento de 30mg/dl de c-no-HDL, la incidencia de nuevos episodios CV no mortales aumentó un 31% (HR=1,31; IC95%: 1,06-1,61; p=0,018) y en el grupo del cLDL un 27% (HR=1,27; IC95%: 0,97-1,61; p=0,068). Conclusiones: Tras un seguimiento de 10,7años, el c-no-HDL se ha mostrado en nuestra población como un factor pronóstico de enfermedad CV no mortal, pero no el cLDL, aunque su HR se encuentra próxima a la significación estadística (AU)


Introduction: Non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is becoming relevant both in its participation in cardiovascular risk assessment and as a therapeutic target. The objective of the present study was to assess the independent predictive capacity of both non-HDL-C and LDL-C (the main priority in dyslipidemias to reduce cardiovascular risk), in cardiovascular morbidity in a population-based sample. Methods: A prospective cohort study involving 1186 individuals in the non-HDL-C group and 1177 in the LDL-C group, followed for 10.7years (SD=2.2), who had not had any previous cardiovascular event. The predictor variables included in the adjustment were: gender, age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoker status and non-HDL-C in one group. In the other group, consisting of patients presenting TG levels of 400mg/dL, non-HDL-C was replaced by LDL-C. Survival curves (Kaplan-Meier) were calculated and two Cox regression models were applied, one for each group. Results: Non-HDL-C group presented 6.2% of non-fatal cardiovascular episodes during follow-up and the LDL-C group 6.0%. After adjustment, for each 30mg/dL increase in non-HDL-C, the incidence of new non-fatal cardiovascular events increased by 31% (HR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.06-1.61; P=.018) and in the LDL-C group by 27% (HR=1.27, 95%CI: 0.97-1.61, P=.068). Conclusions: After a follow-up of 10.7years, non-HDL-C has been shown in our population as a prognostic factor of non-fatal cardiovascular disease, but not LDL-C, although its HR is close to statistical significance (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cholesterol, HDL/analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , 28599
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