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1.
Mol Syndromol ; 13(6): 485-495, 2023 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36660027

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Pathogenic variants in the SLC26A2/DTDST gene cause the following spectrum of phenotypes: achondrogenesis 1B (ACG1B), atelosteogenesis 2 (AO2), diastrophic dysplasia (DTD), and recessive-multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED), the first 2 being lethal. Here, we report a cohort and a comprehensive literature review on a genotype-phenotype correlation of SLC26A2/DTDST-related disorders. Methods: The local patients were genotyped by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing (NGS). We reviewed data from the literature regarding phenotype, zygosity, and genotype in parallel. Results: The local cohort enrolled 12 patients, including one with a Desbuquois-like phenotype. All but one showed biallelic mutations, however, only one allele mutated in a fetus presenting ACG1B was identified. The literature review identified 42 articles and the analyses of genotype and zygosity included the 12 local patients. Discussion: The R279W variant was the most prevalent among the local patients. It was in homozygosity (hmz) in 2 patients with rMED and in compound heterozygosity (chtz) in 9 patients. The genotype and zygosity review of all patients led to the following conclusions: DTD is the most common phenotype in Finland due to a Finnish mutation (c.727-1G>C). Outside of Finland, rMED is the most prevalent phenotype, usually associated with R279W in hmz. In contrast, DTD's genotype is usually in chtz. Despite a large number of variants (38), just 8 are recurrent (R279W, C653S, c.-26+2T>C, R178*, K575Sfs*10, V340del, G663R, T512K). The last 3 in hmz lead to lethal phenotypes. The Finnish mutation is found only in chtz outside of Finland, being associated with all 4 classical phenotypes. The p.R178* and p.K575Sfs*10 variants should be viewed as lethal mutations since both were mainly described with lethal phenotypes and were never reported in hmz. The existence of 9 patients with only one mutated allele suggests that other mutations in the other allele of these patients still need to be unveiled.

2.
Rev Chil Pediatr ; 91(1): 111-115, 2020 Feb.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32730421

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Among the disorders of sexual development, Klinefelter syndrome and its variants are classified as an alteration in the number of sex chromosomes. These patients show signs of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism at puberty, however cases of severe variants also present neurocognitive and language problems from an early age. OBJECTIVE: To describe two patients with genital malformation with genetic diagnosis of severe variants of Klinefelter syndrome, and to review clinical and therapeutic aspects. CLINICAL CASES: Case 1: Diagnosis of atypical genitalia at birth: Small and curved phallus with the urethral meatus at scrotal level, and bifid scrotum. No other somatic abnormality was observed, except for subtle clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Karyotype: 49, XXXXY. At one year of life, genitalia were reconstructed. The patient presented a global developmental delay, mainly in language, which was managed with early stimulation and speech and language therapy since he was two months old. Finally, he was able to attend kindergarten. Case 2: At one month of life, a small and severe curved phallus (more than 70°) was observed, and testicles were in the scrotum. Karyotype: 48, XXYY. At one year of life, the penile malformation was corrected. The patient presented global developmental delay, mainly in expressive language which was managed with early stimulation since the age of four months, achieving kindergarten attendance. CONCLUSION: Genital malformations led to the diagno sis of severe variants of Klinefelter syndrome, and were corrected around the year of life. The early identification of these variants allowed the intervention of the neurostimulation team, favoring the neurocognitive development and social integration of these children.


Subject(s)
Genitalia/abnormalities , Klinefelter Syndrome/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Klinefelter Syndrome/pathology , Male , Severity of Illness Index
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(1): 111-115, feb. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092795

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de Klinefelter y sus variantes, como alteración en el número de cromosomas sexuales, se encuentra entre los trastornos del desarrollo sexual. Sus portadores manifiestan hipogonadismo hipergonadotrófico en la pubertad; las variantes severas presentan además problemas neurocognitivos y del lenguaje desde edades tempranas. Objetivo: Describir dos pacientes portadores de mal formación genital con diagnóstico genético de variantes severas de síndrome de Klinefelter; y revisar aspectos clínicos y terapéuticos. Casos Clínicos: Caso 1: Diagnóstico de genitales atípicos al nacer: Falo pequeño y corvo con meato uretral a nivel escrotal y escroto bífido. Sin otra anomalía somática, excepto sutil clinodactilia del 5 dedo. Cariotipo: 49,XXXXY. Al año de vida se reconstruyeron los genitales. Evolucionó con retraso global del desarrollo, principalmente del lenguaje, manejado con estimulación temprana kinésica y fonoaudiológica desde los 2 meses, logró integrarse en un jardín de infantes. Caso 2: Al mes de vida se constató falo pequeño y corvo severo (más de 70°), testículos en bolsa. Cariotipo: 48,XXYY. Al año de vida se corrigió malformación del pene. Evolucionó con retraso global del desarrollo, fundamentalmente en el lenguaje expresivo, y fue manejado con el equipo de estimulación temprana desde los 4 meses, logrando adaptación en un jardín de infantes. Conclusión: Las malformaciones genitales condujeron al diagnóstico de variantes severas de síndrome de Klin efelter, y fueron corregidas alrededor del año de vida. La identificación temprana de estas variantes permitió la intervención del equipo de neuroestimulación, favoreciendo el desarrollo neurocognitivo y la integración social de estos niños.


Abstract: Introduction: Among the disorders of sexual development, Klinefelter syndrome and its variants are classified as an alteration in the number of sex chromosomes. These patients show signs of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism at puberty, however cases of severe variants also present neurocognitive and language problems from an early age. Objective: To describe two patients with genital malformation with genetic diagnosis of severe variants of Klinefelter syndrome, and to review clinical and therapeutic aspects. Clinical Cases: Case 1: Diagnosis of atypical genitalia at birth: Small and curved phallus with the urethral meatus at scrotal level, and bifid scrotum. No other somatic abnormality was observed, except for subtle clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Karyotype: 49, XXXXY. At one year of life, genitalia were reconstructed. The patient presented a global developmental delay, mainly in language, which was managed with early stimulation and speech and language therapy since he was two months old. Finally, he was able to attend kindergarten. Case 2: At one month of life, a small and severe curved phallus (more than 70°) was observed, and testicles were in the scrotum. Karyotype: 48, XXYY. At one year of life, the penile malformation was corrected. The patient presented global developmental delay, mainly in expressive language which was managed with early stimulation since the age of four months, achieving kindergarten attendance. Conclusion: Genital malformations led to the diagno sis of severe variants of Klinefelter syndrome, and were corrected around the year of life. The early identification of these variants allowed the intervention of the neurostimulation team, favoring the neurocognitive development and social integration of these children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Genitalia/abnormalities , Klinefelter Syndrome/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Klinefelter Syndrome/pathology
4.
Actual. SIDA ; 20(76): 52-62, jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-654863

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron los casos de infección por VIH-1 ocurridos entre niños nacidos en maternidades municipales de Rosario, de 1999 a 2010 notificados al 30 de noviembre de 2011 para identificar el rol jugado por la lactancia materna. Se hallaron 12 casos entre 71.283 partos, de los cuales 479 fueron parturientas VIH positivas. hubo 6 mujeres con serología/s negativas previas o al momento del parto, diagnosticadas como VIH positivas meintras amamantaban sus hijos que resultaron infectados. Se proponen criterios para definir la posibilidad de la asociación. Nombramos estas madres como seroconvertidoras al VIH perinatales con diagnóstico intralactancia. Diez casos mostraron asociación con uso de drogas. La Tasa de Transmisión Vertical hallada fue 2,47 %, y podría reducirse aún más con el diagnóstico de VIH precoz durante la lactancia materna. Proponemos comunicar este problema y promover pruebas de VIH asesoradas ofrecidas regularmente desde los servicios a mujeres que amamantan y sus parejas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Feeding , Epidemiologic Studies , Harm Reduction , HIV Infections/transmission , Mother-Child Relations , HIV Seropositivity/immunology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control
5.
Actual. SIDA ; 20(76): 52-62, jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-129434

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron los casos de infección por VIH-1 ocurridos entre niños nacidos en maternidades municipales de Rosario, de 1999 a 2010 notificados al 30 de noviembre de 2011 para identificar el rol jugado por la lactancia materna. Se hallaron 12 casos entre 71.283 partos, de los cuales 479 fueron parturientas VIH positivas. hubo 6 mujeres con serología/s negativas previas o al momento del parto, diagnosticadas como VIH positivas meintras amamantaban sus hijos que resultaron infectados. Se proponen criterios para definir la posibilidad de la asociación. Nombramos estas madres como seroconvertidoras al VIH perinatales con diagnóstico intralactancia. Diez casos mostraron asociación con uso de drogas. La Tasa de Transmisión Vertical hallada fue 2,47 %, y podría reducirse aún más con el diagnóstico de VIH precoz durante la lactancia materna. Proponemos comunicar este problema y promover pruebas de VIH asesoradas ofrecidas regularmente desde los servicios a mujeres que amamantan y sus parejas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Mother-Child Relations , Breast Feeding , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , HIV Seropositivity/immunology , Harm Reduction , Epidemiologic Studies
6.
Actual. SIDA ; 20(76): 52-62, jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-127615

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron los casos de infección por VIH-1 ocurridos entre niños nacidos en maternidades municipales de Rosario, de 1999 a 2010 notificados al 30 de noviembre de 2011 para identificar el rol jugado por la lactancia materna. Se hallaron 12 casos entre 71.283 partos, de los cuales 479 fueron parturientas VIH positivas. hubo 6 mujeres con serología/s negativas previas o al momento del parto, diagnosticadas como VIH positivas meintras amamantaban sus hijos que resultaron infectados. Se proponen criterios para definir la posibilidad de la asociación. Nombramos estas madres como seroconvertidoras al VIH perinatales con diagnóstico intralactancia. Diez casos mostraron asociación con uso de drogas. La Tasa de Transmisión Vertical hallada fue 2,47 %, y podría reducirse aún más con el diagnóstico de VIH precoz durante la lactancia materna. Proponemos comunicar este problema y promover pruebas de VIH asesoradas ofrecidas regularmente desde los servicios a mujeres que amamantan y sus parejas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Mother-Child Relations , Breast Feeding , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , HIV Seropositivity/immunology , Harm Reduction , Epidemiologic Studies
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