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1.
Eur J Paediatr Dent ; : 1, 2024 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38888576

ABSTRACT

AIM: To compare how parents' attitudes, knowledge, and sociodemographic characteristics influence untreated early childhood caries in infants and preschoolers in Brazil and Colombia. BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a prevalent chronic disease affecting children worldwide. However, little research has explored the connection between parents' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about oral health and the occurrence of dental caries in their children's primary teeth. MATERIALS: Oral health information was evaluated in children aged 3 to 5 years with a questionnaire covering sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, family information and questions about health knowledge and child's and parents' oral health. In addition, oral examinations have been carried out to determine the prevalence of untreated dental caries. A p-value of 0.05 and 95% reliability level were considered statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Untreated caries in infants and preschoolers are influenced by socioeconomic status, maternal education, sugar consumption, oral hygiene, and parents' beliefs about primary dentition.

2.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 16(1): 30-40, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284215

ABSTRACT

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) and rapid-onset obesity syndrome with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) are rare causes of hypoventilation during sleep in the pediatric population. This group of disorders are characterized by the absence or decrease in the automatic control of ventilation, decreased sensitivity of chemoreceptors to CO2, causing hypoventilation during sleep and even in wakefulness, in the most severe cases. For these reasons it is important to diagnose and treat them promptly. The objective of this review is to provide current and complete literature, to be able to identify, treat and refer this group of children early, and thus reduce the complications and/or associated comorbidities in the short and long term, improving their quality of life.


El síndrome de hipoventilación central congénita (CCHS) y síndrome de obesidad de inicio rápido con disfunción hipotalámica, hipoventilación y desregulación autonómica (ROHHAD), son causas poco comunes de hipoventilación durante el sueño en la población pediátrica. Este grupo de trastornos se caracterizan por ausencia o disminución en el control automático de la ventilación, sensibilidad disminuida de los quimioreceptores al CO2, provocando hipoventilación durante el sueño e incluso en vigilia, en los casos más severos. Por estas razones es importante diagnosticarlos y tratarlos oportunamente. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar literatura actual y completa, para poder identificar, tratar y referir a éste grupo de niños tempranamente, y así disminuir las complicaciones y/o comorbilidades asociadas a corto y largo plazo, mejorando su calidad de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome/physiopathology , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Hypoventilation/physiopathology , Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome/complications , Prognosis , Respiration, Artificial , Sleep , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy , Polysomnography , Hypoventilation/complications , Hypoventilation/congenital , Hypoventilation/diagnosis , Hypoventilation/therapy
3.
Somatosens Mot Res ; 36(4): 270-274, 2019 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31718378

ABSTRACT

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate differences in tactile acuity (TA) in people with non-specific persistent low back pain (NSPLBP) with and without predominant central sensitisation (CS).Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 45 participants divided into three groups: (i) subjects with NSPLBP with predominant CS (n = 14), (ii) subjects with NSPLBP without predominant CS (n = 16) and (iii) subjects without low back pain (n = 15). Using an analogue calliper, TA was measured using the two-point discrimination threshold (TPD) in the three groups, both horizontally and vertically in the painful region. The analysis was based on the comparison of median discrimination thresholds between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test.Result: A higher median TPD value was observed in the group with NSPLBP with predominant CS (vertical measurement 37.5 mm; horizontal measurement 52.5 mm) compared to the group with NSPLBP without predominant CS (vertical measurement 32.5 mm; horizontal measurement 33.8 mm) and the group without low back pain (vertical measurement 30 mm; horizontal measurement 27.5 mm) (p < 0.0001), both in vertical and horizontal measurement.Conclusion: The findings found in this study highlight the need to differentiate patients with NSPLBP with predominant CS when considering therapeutic evaluation as an indirect mechanism for assessing the perceptual function of the primary somatosensory cortex.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Sensitization/physiology , Discrimination, Psychological/physiology , Low Back Pain/physiopathology , Sensory Thresholds/physiology , Touch Perception/physiology , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
4.
Epidemiol Infect ; 145(15): 3125-3130, 2017 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28956522

ABSTRACT

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leucosis, which has been reported worldwide. BLV has been found recently in human tissue and it could have a significant impact on human health. A possible hypothesis regarding viral entry to humans is through the consumption of infected foodstuffs. This study was aimed at detecting the presence of BLV DNA in raw beef and fresh milk for human consumption. Nested PCR directed at the BLV gag gene (272 bp) was used as a diagnostic test. PCR products were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Forty-nine per cent of the samples proved positive for the presence of proviral DNA. This is the first study highlighting the presence of the BLV gag gene in meat products for human consumption and confirms the presence of the viral DNA in raw milk, as in previous reports. The presence of viral DNA in food products could suggest that viral particles may also be found. Further studies are needed to confirm the presence of infected viral particles, even though the present findings could represent a first approach to BLV transmission to humans through foodstuff consumption.


Subject(s)
DNA, Viral/genetics , Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/transmission , Leukemia Virus, Bovine , Meat/virology , Milk/virology , Animals , Cattle , Humans , Leukemia Virus, Bovine/genetics , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA
5.
J Appl Microbiol ; 120(4): 1041-51, 2016 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26801008

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of four probiotic metabolites (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacetrium species) against rotavirus in vitro infection monitored by the NSP4 protein production and Ca(2+) release. METHODS AND RESULTS: The antiviral effect of the metabolites was performed due a comparison between a blocking model and an intracelullar model on MA104 cells, with the response of NSP4 production and Ca(2+) liberation measured by flow cytometry. Significant results were obtained with the metabolites of Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the reduction of the protein production (P = 0·04 and P = 0·014) and Ca(2+) liberation (P = 0·094 and P = 0·020) in the intracellular model, which suggests a successful antiviral activity against RV infection. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that probiotic metabolites were able to interfere with the final amount of intracellular NSP4 protein and a successful Ca(2+) regulation, which suggests a new approach to the mechanism exerted by probiotics against the rotavirus infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: A novel anti-rotaviral effect exerted by probiotic metabolites monitored by the NSP4 protein during the RV in vitro infection and the effect on the Ca(2+) release is reported; suggesting a reduction on the impact of the infection by decreasing the damage of the cells preventing the electrolyte loss.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Bifidobacterium adolescentis/metabolism , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolism , Probiotics/pharmacology , Rotavirus/drug effects , Toxins, Biological/metabolism , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cell Line , Macaca mulatta , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Rotavirus/metabolism , Rotavirus Infections/drug therapy , Rotavirus Infections/virology
6.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(6): 653-658, dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771610

ABSTRACT

There is controversy about the usefulness of bursectomy and omentectomy during the surgical treatment of gastric cancer. Bursectomy, a procedure dissecting the peritoneal lining covering the pancreas and the anterior plane of the transverse mesocolon, is a major surgical aggression. There is no evidence that the procedure improves five years survival. It may be useful in serosal gastric cancer of the posterior wall. Excision or resection of all or part of an omentum does not have either an effect on survival. However, we recommend its use since its lack of benefit has not been completely ascertained.


Dentro de las etapas quirúrgicas de la gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico, existen controversias respecto a la bursectomía y la omentectomía. La bursectomía (resección de peritoneo que cubre la porción anterior del mesocolon transverso y la cápsula pancreática) representa una mayor agresión quirúrgica, sin evidencia actual de que aumenta la sobrevida a 5 años, ello evaluado en 3 estudios clínicos. Su utilidad parece estar en pacientes con cáncer gástrico seroso de la cara posterior. La omentectomía total, comparada con la omentectomía parcial, ha sido evaluada más extensamente, sin poder demostrar hasta la actualidad la superioridad de uno u otro procedimiento en cuanto a sobrevida a 5 años. Sin embargo, mientras no se demuestre claramente lo opuesto en estudios científicos, recomendamos realizarla rutinariamente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrectomy/methods , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery
7.
J Appl Microbiol ; 119(2): 411-24, 2015 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25968322

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To investigate the potential to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of yet-to-be-cultured bacterial populations from chronically polluted intertidal sediments. METHODS AND RESULTS: A gene variant encoding the alpha subunit of the catalytic component of an aromatic-ring-hydroxylating oxygenase (RHO) was abundant in intertidal sediments from chronically polluted subantarctic and temperate coastal environments, and its abundance increased after PAH amendment. Conversely, this marker gene was not detected in sediments from a nonimpacted site, even after a short-term PAH exposure. A metagenomic fragment carrying this gene variant was identified in a fosmid library of subantarctic sediments. This fragment contained five pairs of alpha and beta subunit genes and a lone alpha subunit gene of oxygenases, classified as belonging to three different RHO functional classes. In silico structural analysis suggested that two of these oxygenases contain large substrate-binding pockets, capable of accepting high molecular weight PAHs. CONCLUSIONS: The identified uncultured micro-organism presents the potential to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons with various chemical structures, and could represent an important member of the PAH-degrading community in these polluted coastal environments. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work provides valuable information for the design of environmental molecular diagnostic tools and for the biotechnological application of RHO enzymes.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/genetics , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Metagenomics , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/metabolism , Seawater/microbiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Seawater/analysis , Water Pollution, Chemical
8.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(2): 754-764, jun. 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687134

ABSTRACT

Stress in pregnant rats alters the pattern of secretion of corticosterone (COR) and modifies transplacentally hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) fetus. Prenatal stress during the critical hypothalamic differentiation is related to decreased fertility of male offspring by an increase in the basal level of COR. This modification could induce long-term changes in the process of apoptosis in the testis. However, early postnatal handling increases maternal behavior and could reverse the effects caused by increased secretion of COR. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of early postnatal stimulation of male rats prenatal stressed by chronic immobilization during the last two weeks of pregnancy, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and their relationship with the activity of the HPA. Male Wistar rats 3 month olds, were separated in four groups: (a) prenatally stressed animals by immobilization (IMO), without postnatal stimulation; (b) prenatally stressed animals with postnatal stimulation; (c) control animals without prenatal stress, without postnatal stimulation and (d) control animals without prenatal stress, with postnatal stimulation. In different animals groups plasmatic levels of COR, Testosterone (T) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) were analyzed. Gonadosomatic index and testicular apoptosis was determined. In conclusion that prenatal stress by IMO increased levels of COR and inhibits the HHG axis obtaining low values of plasmatic LH and T, testicular weight, and induction of apoptosis in testes. On other hand, early postnatal stimulation results in an increase in maternal care to the offspring reversing the effects of prenatal stress on the HPG axis. This effect could be mediated by a mechanism independent of the HPA axis.


El estrés en ratas preñadas altera el patrón de secreción de corticosterona (COR) materna la cual, por vía transplacentaria, produce una alteración del eje Hipotálamo-Hipófiso-Adrenal (HHA) fetal. El estrés prenatal producido durante la etapa crítica de diferenciación hipotalámica, está relacionado con la disminución de la fertilidad en las crías macho, por un aumento en el nivel de COR basal. Esta modificación podría inducir cambios a largo plazo en el proceso de apoptosis testicular. Sin embargo, la estimulación postnatal temprana mejora el comportamiento materno, revirtiendo las alteraciones producidas por el aumento de COR en las crías adultas. El objetivo fue investigar el efecto de la estimulación postnatal temprana sobre el eje Hipotálamo-Hipófiso-Gonadal (HHG) en ratas macho estresadas prenatalmente (EP), por inmovilización crónica durante las dos últimas semanas de la preñez. Se utilizaron crías de 3 meses de edad, que fueron divididas en 4 grupos: (a) individuos EP y sin estimulación postnatal; (b) individuos EP con estimulación postnatal; (c) individuos controles no estresados prenatalmente (CP) y sin estimulación postnatal; y (d) individuos CP con estimulación postnatal. En todos los grupos se midió COR, Testosterona (T) y Hormona Luteinizante (LH). Se determinaron la apoptosis y la Caspasa 3 testicular y el índice gonadosomático. Se concluye que el estrés prenatal por inmovilización aumenta los niveles de COR del eje HHA e inhibe el eje HHG obteniendo valores bajos de LH y T plasmáticas. Se observa disminución del tamaño testicular y aumento de la apoptosis de las células testiculares. Por otro lado, la estimulación postnatal temprana se traduce en un aumento del cuidado materno hacia la cría, lo que revierte los efectos producidos por el estrés prenatal sobre el eje HHG. Este efecto podría estar mediado por algún mecanismo independiente del eje HHA.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Stress, Physiological , Apoptosis , Physical Stimulation , Rats, Wistar
9.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 31(1): 1613-1620, jul. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-609920

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio prospectivo tiene como objetivo desarrollar instrumentos metodológicos que permitan evaluar y garantizar la calidad de los servicios médicos que se otorgan en la nueva policlínica de control de la anticoagulación oral (TACO) mediante la investigación de la satisfacción del paciente. Las perspectivas del estudio son: infraestructura, procesos, resultados de la atención integral y cuestionamiento del elemento de satisfacción del cliente. Sujetos, materiales y método: Una muestra de 82 de 127 (65 por ciento) pacientes atendidos durante el mes de Marzo de 2010, fueron estudiados utilizando una encuesta estándar, formulada en base a los resultados de un estudio piloto previo. Pacientes que por su enfermedad no tenían capacidad para completar la encuesta fueron excluidos, como aquellos quienes no quisieron participar y los que tuvieron su control por vía telefónica. Resultados: En general la Policlínica tuvo una evaluación de excelente en 48 por ciento de los pacientes, con un promedio sobre 17 puntos (rango 0 a 20). El equipo logró cumplir con las expectativas de 95 por ciento de los pacientes. Hubo diferencias en las evaluaciones entre el equipo profesional y no profesional, pero ambos obtuvieron un promedio sobre 4 (1 a 5). Hubo una diferencia significativa en la evaluación obtenida entre el estudio piloto y el definitivo, respecto al cumplimiento de las expectativas del paciente. Conclusiones: En la encuesta de control de calidad, la Unidad en general obtuvo una calificación buena, pero identificó áreas para mejorar el servicio y atención. Demostró que la calidad de gestión es dependiente del equipo total y el resultado final depende de la participación de todos. Es un proceso largo y no exento de dificultades, la encuesta es parte de la iniciación con la toma de consciencia del problema. Modificaciones a la encuesta son necesarios para el seguimiento y forma parte de la estrategia institucional.


The present prospective study had as its objective the development of instruments which permitted the evaluation of the quality of medical services provided by the outpatient anticoagulant clinic, using client satisfaction as an index of quality. The form of the study included the elements of infrastructure, processes, results of the clinical attention and addressing the element of patient satisfaction. Materials, Methods and Patients: A sample of 82 of the 127 patients attended during March 2010 was studied using a standard questionnaire, based on the results of an earlier pilot study. Patients, who for their illness, were not capable of completing the questionnaire, were excluded from the study, as well as those who did not wish to participate or had their anticoagulation controlled by phone. Results: In general, the outpatient clinic had an excellent evaluation in 48 percent of cases, with an average score of 17 points (range 0-20). The team achieved a 95 percent rate of fulfilling the patients expectations. Although there were differences between the evaluation of the professional and non-professional teams, both obtained an average score of over 4 (range 1-5). The evaluation of the patients improved in the definitive study in comparison with the original pilot study. Conclusions: The survey of quality control showed that the outpatients clinic obtained a qualification classed as good, but identified areas which needed to ve improved. It shows that the quality of care is dependent on the performance of the whole team and the results depend on the participation of all. Implementing quality control is a long process and not extent of problems. Modifications to the questionnaire are necessary for follow up work and form part of the Hospitals Quality Control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Health Services Research , Quality of Health Care , Surveys and Questionnaires , Administration, Oral , Chile , Health Centers , Hospitals, Public , Patient Satisfaction , Prospective Studies , Quality Control
10.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 30(2): 1581-1588, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583084

ABSTRACT

Determinar la presencia de CPCS en pacientes con cáncer prostático, la expresión de p504 S yel efecto de la supresión androgénica. Pacientes, materiales y método: en muestras de sangre venosa de 92 pacientes portadores de cáncer a la prostáta se separaron las células mononucleares por centrifugación diferencial. Las cpcs fueron identificadas utilizando anticuerpos monoclonales contra APE y P504S. Muestras de sangre de 10 mujeres fueron usadas como controles. Resultados: En ninguna de las muestras utilizadas como control y en el 68 por ciento de los hombres estudiados se detectaron CPCS. Todas las células detectadas fueron positivas para la expresión de P504S. Los pacientes con supresión androgénica, DES o después de una orquidectomía, tuvieron un nivel de P504S promedio menor que aquellos sin terapia sistémica p menor que 0,03. Conclusiones: la detección de CPCS P504S positivas en biopsias de prostáta es utilizada para el diagnóstico de cáncer, las celulas benignas no expresan este antígeno. Este estudio pionero demuestra que la expresión de P504S en CPCS es menor eb hombres con tratamiento hormonal sistémico.


Objective To determine the effect of androgen blockage on the expression of P504S en circulating prostate cells (CPCs) in men with prostate cancer. Patients, material and method: mononuclear cells were separated from venous blood using differential centrifugation and identification fied using monoclonal antibodies against PSA and P504S. 10 women were used as controls and 92 men with prostate cancer formesd the study group. Results: 64,8 percent of men were positive for CPCs, all the CPCs detected expressed the antigen P504S. No controls were positive. Conclusions. The detection of P504S postive cells in prostate biopsies is used to determine whether they are malignant or not, benign cells P504S negative. This is pioner study to show that CPCs are P504S positive, with the implication that they are malignant cells.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/blood , Racemases and Epimerases/analysis , Racemases and Epimerases , Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use , Diethylstilbestrol/therapeutic use , Immunohistochemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Prostate-Specific Antigen
11.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 30(2): 1589-1594, dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583085

ABSTRACT

Determinar criterios de evaluación morfológica del hemograma, basados en parámetros clínicos y resultados del contador hematológico, en términos de gestión, costos y clínica en un hospital tipo 1. Pacientes, materiales y métodos: muestras de hemogramas de pacientes del hospital de carabineros de Chile durante el mes de agosto de 2009, analizadas en un equipo HMX Beckman-Coulter y evaluadas morfológicamente por Tecnólogo Médico(TM). Se registraron parámetros clínicos como hemoglobina, leucocitos y plaquetas; además se consideró el lugar de derivación, especialidad y edad del paciente. Se determinaron los costos e ingresos en función de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: de los 2.222 pacientes evaluados, existió concordancia entre el Tecnólogo Médico y el analizador en 93,3 por ciento de los casos, con una sensibilidad de 97,3 por ciento y una especificidad de 88,9 por ciento con valores predictivos positivo y negativo de 95,9 por ciento y 92,7 por ciento respectivamente, para detectar una muestra anormal. Con los criterios de selección fue posible eliminar la evaluación morfológca en 79,5 por ciento de los casos, permitiendo un ahorro de $3655929 en el mes por concepto de hemogramas. Discusión: el estudio demostró que es posible disminuir el número de evaluaciones morfológicas realizadas al hemograma a valores similares obtenidos en estudios internacionales, con reducción significativa de los costos y tiempos de TM.


Objective: to determine criteria for the morphological analysis of the full blood count, based on the clinical parameters and the results of the full blood count using an automatic counter in terms of cost and clinicla implications in a distric hospital. Patients, Materials and Method: Full blood count samples from patients attended in the Hospital de Carabineros de Chile during the month of August 2009 were analyzed using HmX Beckman-Coulter and evaluated morpholigically by the Medical Science Officer(Medical Technologist). Clinical parameters, hemoglobin, white cell count platete count were registered, as well the origin of the specimen, medical speciality an patient age. The cost an income derived from the full blood count were determined by the Unit of Cost, Hospital of Carabineros and the changes in costs calculated in function of the results obtained. Results: Of the 2,222 patients evaluated, there was a concordance between the Clinical Science Officer(Medical Technologist) and the automatic counter in 93,9 percent of the samples, with a sensitivity of 97,3 percent and a specificy of 88,9 percent, a positive and negative predictive evalues of 95,9 percent and 92,7 percent respectively for detecting an abnormal sample. Using the criteria of selection it was possible to eliminate the evaluation morphological in 79,5 percent of the samples permitting a saving of $3655929 per month for the analysis of full morphological evaluations of the blood count without losing clinically important data in 80 percent of the samples, which is similar to that reported internationally, with a significant decrease in cost an Medical Scientific Officer time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Health Management , Laboratories, Hospital/economics , Laboratories, Hospital/organization & administration , Quality Control , Blood Cell Count/economics
12.
Rev. chil. cir ; 62(5): 465-469, oct. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577282

ABSTRACT

Background: It is important to stratify patients with acute pancreatitis according to their risk. Many staging systems for acute pancreatitis have been proposed, each with advantages and disadvantages. Aim: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the BISAP system. Material and Methods: Retrospective crosses sectional study, which included all patients that presented with acute pancreatitis to a private hospital in Mexico City from 2003 to 2009. The variables needed to calculate BISAP and complications were obtained from the medical records. Results: The records of 345 patients with a mean aged of 52 years (57 percent males) were analyzed. Twelve percent had complications and 2.3 percent died. Patients with a BISAP score over three had a significantly higher mortality. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of a BISAP score over three for mortality were 12.5, 92.9 and 4 percent, respectively. Conclusions: Because of its high negative predictive value and specificity the BISAP system can be used to stratify patients who are at low risk for complications related to pancreatitis. If the patient has a score of 3 or higher it is necesary to use other scoring systems which are more sensitive and have a higher positive predictive value.


La pancreatitis aguda afecta aproximadamente a 200.000 personas por año en los Estados Unidos. Puede cursar de manera leve o de manera agresiva con una morbi-mortalidad alta. Es importante estratificar a los pacientes de manera temprana de acuerdo a su riesgo. Nosotros analizamos el sistema BISAP y determinamos su sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo en relación a morbi-mortalidad. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal retrospectivo e incluimos a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda en un hospital privado de tercer nivel en la ciudad de México desde el 2003 a 2009. Se obtuvo la morbi-mortalidad y las variables necesarias para calcular el BISAP. Se estratificaron los pacientes. Se utilizó la prueba de Fisher para comparación de variables. Resultados: 345 pacientes fueron incluidos. Edad promedio de 51,8 años. La morbilidad fue de 11,6 por ciento y la mortalidad 2,3 por ciento. Conforme aumentaba el puntaje BISAP había una tendencia hacia más morbilidad. Dividimos la población en un grupo de BISAP bajo (< 3) y un grupo con BISAP alto (> = 3) y observamos una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto a la morbilidad de ambos grupos. El BISAP tiene una alta especificidad y valor predictivo negativo. Su sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo son pobres. Conclusiones: Dado su alto valor predictivo negativo y especificidad el BISAP se puede utilizar para estratificar los pacientes que tienen un bajo riesgo de presentar pancreatitis aguda severa relacionada con morbilidad. Si el paciente examinado presenta un BISAP > = 3, creemos necesario utilizar otro sistema con más sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo para el manejo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pancreatitis/complications , Pancreatitis/mortality , Severity of Illness Index , Acute Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico , Pleural Effusion , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Sensitivity and Specificity
13.
Rev. colomb. enferm ; 5(5): 15-22, ago. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-616045

ABSTRACT

Se describen los argumentos de 5 mujeres que utilizaron los servicios de partera en los últimos 5 años. Se utilizó una entrevista no estructurada de pregunta abierta. Se realizó análisis de contenido de categorías, se calcularon frecuencias y porcentajes. Los argumentos para optar por la atención de parteras entre otros son creencias de bienestar, preferencias de acompañamiento y experiencias con el sector salud, no ser afiliada al sector de salud, la influencia de amigos, la distancia del centro hospitalario, creencia de disminución del riesgo de enfermedad o muerte del recién nacido y las actividades y los procedimientos realizados por la partera a la madre. Los resultados sugieren involucrar, además del componente de género, un enfoque familiar y social en los servicios gineco obstétricos, e incluirlos en los currículos de Medicina y Enfermería para formar profesionales que respondan a las necesidades de esta población.


Subject(s)
Case Reports , Midwifery , Home Childbirth
14.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 21(2): 105-110, 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-620974

ABSTRACT

A study of patients with intestinal fístulas treated at the surgical clinic of the Hospital Salvador, Santiago de Chile, from January 2007 until June 2009. The sizes of the study were 26 patients in whom diagnosis was clinical and / or images and / or surgical condition. The average age at presentation was 54.8 years, of similar frequency in men and women (54 percent and 46 percent respectively). Postoperative fístulas occurred in 80 percent and 20 percent spontaneous. Postoperative fístulas were found in an early stage in 57 percent of cases (before 72 h postoperative). Predominance of high-flow fístulas (73 percent) and location in the small intestine 58 percent to 42 percent in colon. Surgical closure was performed in 52 percent of patients, spontaneous closure by 32 percent and 16 percent non-locking. 61.5 percent of patients experienced complications being the most frequent infectious cause. 54 percent of cases required nutritional support with total parenteral nutrition. In our study mortality was 15.3 percent.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intestinal Fistula/surgery , Intestinal Fistula/complications , Intestinal Fistula/diagnosis
15.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 30(1): 1558-1564, 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572128

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar criterios de selección de muestras para la evaluación morfológica del hemograma, basados en parámetros clínicos y resultados del contador hematológico y en términos de gestión, costos y clínica, los resultados de un programa de selección de muestras para la evaluación morfológica del examen en un hospital tipo 1. Pacientes, Materiales y Método: Pacientes con una muestra tomada en el Hospital de Carabineros de Chile durante el mes de Agosto de 2009, las que fueron analizadas en un equipo Beckman Coulter HmX@ y evaluadas morfológicamente por el Tecnólogo Médico. Se registraron los parámetros clínicos tales como hemoglobina, leucocitos y plaquetas, además del lugar de derivación, especialidad y edad del paciente. Los resultados fueron analizados, tanto por alerta clínica como instrumental, incluyendo todos los parámetros considerados clínicamente importantes. Resultados: Participaron 2.222 pacientes, hubo concordancia entre el Tecnólogo Médico y el analizador en 93,9 por ciento de los casos, con una sensibilidad de 97,3 por ciento y una especificidad de 88,9 por ciento con valores predictivos positivo y negativo de 95,9 por ciento y 92,7 por ciento respectivamente, para detectar una muestra anormal. Por criterios de selección se eliminó la evaluación morfológica en 79,5 por ciento de los casos. Hubo 1,6 por ciento de casos falso-negativos en los criterios de morfología. Discusión: El estudio demostró que es posible disminuir el número de evaluaciones morfológicas hechas al hemograma en un 80 por ciento de los casos, lo cual es semejante a los estudios internacionales efectuados en un hospital tipo 1. El sistema de alerta clínica pone énfasis en la importancia de que el médico tratante ingrese la información clínica en la solicitud de hemograma. Hay una liberación importante de tiempo de Tecnólogo Médico para utilizar su capacidad en funciones de mayor complejidad.


Objectives: To determine selection criteria for the morphological evaluation of full blood count samples, based on clinical criterias and the results of an automatic hematological analyzer. To analyze the cost-benefits and gestion of such a selection procedure in samples obtained from a public general hospital. Patients, Materials and Methods: AII patients with a full blood count taken at the Hospital de Carabineros de Chile during August 2009 were included AII samples were analyzed using a Beckman-Coulter HmX@ automatic analyzer and analyzed morphologically by the Medical Science Officer. Patient details including age, sex, hematological parameters Hemoglobin, white cell and platelet count and place of reference were noted the results were analyzed using clinical and instrument alerts, including all clinical hematological parameters considered important. Results: 2,222 patients were included in the study. There were an agreement in analysis between the HmX and Medical Science Officer in 93.9 percent of cases, with a sensitivity of 93.9 percent specificity of 88.9 percent, a positive and negative predictive value of 95.9 percent and 927 percent respectively to detect and abnormal blood count. Owing to the selection criteria used it was possible to eliminate the need for morphological evaluation in 79.5 percent of cases, the possibility of a serious error of omission being minimal, only 1,6 percent of cases were false negative, on morphological and not clinical grounds. Discussion: The study showed that it is possible to decrease the number of morphological evaluations in 80 percent of cases, which is similar to the figures internationally reported for a general hospital. The clinical alert puts emphasis on the treating physician to complete clinical details on the order form. In total, there were 1.6 percent of false negative cases on morphological grounds y it is important to note that some morphological abnormalities will not be detected the...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hematologic Diseases/diagnosis , Laboratories, Hospital , Medical Laboratory Science , Blood Cell Count/methods , Chi-Square Distribution , Hematology/standards , Observer Variation , Predictive Value of Tests , Quality Control , Reference Values , Blood Cell Count/standards , Sensitivity and Specificity
16.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 28(4): 363-368, dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-554871

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Con los cambios demográficos, más adultos mayores cumplen con los criterios para la terapia anticoagulante; sin embargo, este grupo etario en particular tiene potencialmente más factores de riesgo para sufrir hemorragias causadas por la terapia anticoagulante. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la calidad de control del tratamiento de anticoagulación y su relación con la edad. Métodos: Se analizaron todos los pacientes atendidos en el Policlínico de Anticoagulación, Hospital de Carabineros de Chile, antes y después de un programa de educación al paciente e implementación de una guía clínica. Resultados: 188 pacientes, 102 mujeres (edad promedio 71,2 años) y 86 hombres (edad promedio 71,1 años) participaron en el estudio. Todos los pacientes cumplieron con las pautas de la guía. Antes de la implementación, los pacientes > 80 años tuvieron más exámenes con un INR > 5,0; después no hubo diferencias. El análisis post- guía demostró no haber diferencia significativas entre los pacientes según la edad. Conclusiones: Con la implementación de una guía clínica y educación del paciente, la edad "per se" no es una contraindicación para el tratamiento anticoagulante en pacientes que cumplen con los criterios establecidos.


Background: With the world's population changes, people that are more elderly fulfil the criteria for oral anticoagulation; however, these patients have the highest risk for hemorrhagic side effects. Aim: to determine the effect of patient age on the quality of oral anticoagulation control. Patients and Methods: All patients attending the Outpatient Anticoagulation Clinic, Hospital de Carabineros de Chile, were included in the study. Baseline parameters were measured before and after the introduction of a clinical protocol including patient education. Results: 188 patients, 102 women, mean age 71.2 years and 86 men mean age 71.1 years participated. All patients fulfilled the protocol's criteria. Before the implementation of the program, patients older than 80 years were more likely to have occasional INRs >5.0 compared to younger patients. After program implementation, all age groups significantly improved their control parameters; no differences in time outside the therapeutic range between age groups were observed. Conclusion: Age "per se" is not a contraindication for oral anticoagulation. With an educational program and a dedicated outpatient clinic, the number of elderly patients achieving therapeutic targets of anticoagulation is the same as that in younger age groups. Thus, older patients who potentially have more to gain from stroke prevention should be considered for anticoagulation when fulfilling protocol criteria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Patient Selection , Quality Control , Administration, Oral , Age Factors , Clinical Audit , Cross-Sectional Studies , Decision Making , Prospective Studies
17.
Vitae (Medellín) ; 16(2): 259-267, mayo-ago. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-533876

ABSTRACT

Los avances científicos en el campo de la química y de la medicina se han apropiado la inquietud popular que desde hace muchos años utiliza los recursos que ofrece la naturaleza. La planta Cannabis sativa ha sido tradicionalmente utilizada con propósitos medicinales, así como con fines recreativos. Sin embargo, sus importantes efectos psicoactivos han constituido una limitante para su uso. Algunos gobiernos han comenzado a permitir su uso de forma controlada, con fines medicinales. El descubrimiento de compuestos endógenos con propiedades similares a los cannabinoides (endocanabinoides), y el previo conocimiento de los receptores CB1 y CB2, sobre los cuales actúan, ha despertado interés en el mundo entero por descubrir nuevas rutas terapéuticas para el tratamiento de diferentes patologías. Las posibilidades de aprovechar la estructura de los endocanabinoides para diseñar nuevas moléculas con actividad antineoplásica están llevando a enfrentar este reto, buscando fármacos tan eficaces como los actualmente utilizados pero con menos efectos tóxicos. Se está avanzando en el conocimiento de los aspectos moleculares de muchos de estos compuestos, así como en las rutas bioquímicas sobre las cuales actúan.


Subject(s)
Endocannabinoids , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms
18.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 29(1): 1477-1483, jul. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523027

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir y determinar diferencias en la morfología celular entre células prostáticas en la circulación sanguínea y muestras de la medula ósea en pacientes con cáncer prostático. Métodos y Pacientes: Después de un consentimiento informado por escrito, muestras de sangre venosa y médula ósea fueron extraídas de pacientes con cáncer prostático histológicamente confirmado. Células mononucleares fueron obtenidas por centrifugación diferencial y una impronta preparada de la biopsia de la médula ósea. Las células prostáticas fueron identificadas con inmunocitoquímica, definida como anfígeno prostático especifico positivo y CD45 (pan-Ieucocito) negativo. Resultados: De los 71 sujetos estudiados, las células obtenidas en sangre y aspiración de la medula ósea, fueron redondas u ovaladas, a diferencia de las células en los microgramos o fragmentos que tuvieron las características típicas de las células malignas: irregulares, con diferencias en tamaño y con largos procesos citoplasmáticos. Conclusiones: Las diferencias en la morfología pueden ser explicadas debido a que habrían 2 tipos de células, unas circulando o en transito entre la sangre y otros tejidos -como médula ósea- con apariencia redonda u ovalada vías células en los microgrumos o fragmentos, que se han infiltrado la membrana endoostial y representan verdadera micro- metástasis.


Describe and determine morphological differences between prostate cells found in blood and bone marrow in men with prostate cancer. Methods and Patients: After written informed consent, samples of blood and bone marrow were obtained from men with histological confirmed prostate cancer. Mononuclear cells were obtained by differential centrifugation and a touch-prep made from the biopsy sample. Prostate cells were identified using immunocytochemistry and defined as cells positive for anti-prostate specific antigen and negative for anti-CD45 (pan-leucocyte). Results: From the 71 patients studied, cells found in blood and bone marrow aspirates were round or oval, whereas the cells detected in microfragments of the biopsy showed the characters of a typical cancer cell, irregular in shape and size with long cytoplasmic processes. Conclusions: These morphological differences could be explained in that there are 2 populations of cells, those in blood or bone marrow aspirates with a round or oval appearance are in transit, circulating between the blood and other tissues such as bone marrow, and those found in microfragments which represent true micrometastasis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/blood , Prostate-Specific Antigen/analysis , /analysis , Histocytochemistry/methods , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Bone Marrow/pathology , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
19.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(4): 348-351, ago. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-510433

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de un paciente, hombre de 74 años, portador de hipertensión arterial crónica y diabetes mellitus Tipo 2, portador de un cáncer de colon derecho recientemente diagnosticado y que tenía planificada cirugía electiva. Es ingresado de urgencia al Hospital del Salvador por un cuadro de calofríos y fiebre alta de tres días de evolución, cuyo estudio descartó foco séptico pulmonar, urinario y otros, incluyendo Ecocardiograma para descartar una endocarditis. Solo se demostraron dos hemocultivos positivos para Streptococcus anginosus, siendo tratado exitosamente con Ceftriaxona y Metronidazol. Es intervenido quirúrgicamente al 7º día, encontrándose un tumor abscedado de colon derecho. Evolución postoperatoria satisfactoria, siendo dado de alta al 5º día del postoperatorio.


We report a 74 years old hypertensive and diabetic male with a recently diagnosed right colon cancer that consulted in the emergency room for fever and chills lasting three days. He was admitted, two blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus anginosus, treatment with Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole was started and fever subsided after four days of treatment. The surgical exploration showed that the colon cancer was abscessed and was the origin of the sepsis. The patient was discharged in good conditions five days later.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Colonic Neoplasms/surgery , Colonic Neoplasms/microbiology , Sepsis , Abscess , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Streptococcus anginosus/isolation & purification , Treatment Outcome
20.
J Neurosci Res ; 86(12): 2650-62, 2008 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18512760

ABSTRACT

Asphyxia during delivery produces long-term deficits in brain development, including hippocampus. We investigated hippocampal plasticity after perinatal asphyxia, measuring postnatal apoptosis and neurogenesis. Asphyxia was performed by immersing rat fetuses with uterine horns removed from ready-to-deliver rats into a water bath for 20 min. Caesarean-delivered pups were used as controls. The animals were euthanized 1 week or 1 month after birth. Apoptotic nuclear morphology and DNA breaks were assessed by Hoechst and TUNEL assays. Neurogenesis was estimated by bromodeoxyuridine/MAP-2 immunocytochemistry, and the levels and expression of proteins related to apoptosis and cell proliferation were measured by Western blots and in situ hybridization, respectively. There was an increase of apoptosis in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) and cell proliferation and neurogenesis in CA1, DG, and hilus regions of hippocampus 1 week after asphyxia. The increase of apoptosis in CA3 and cell proliferation in the suprapyramidal band of DG was still observed 1 month following asphyxia. There was an increase of BAD, BCL-2, ERK2, and bFGF levels in whole hippocampus and bFGF expression in CA1 and CA2 and hilus at P7 and P30. There was a concomitant decrease of phosphorylated-BAD (Ser112) levels. The increase of BAD levels supports the idea of delayed cell death after perinatal asphyxia, whereas the increases of BCL-2, ERK2, and bFGF levels suggest the activation of neuroprotective and repair pathways. In conclusion, perinatal asphyxia induces short- and long-term regionally specific plastic changes, including delayed cell death and neurogenesis, involving pro- and antiapoptotic as well as mitogenic proteins, favoring hippocampal functional recovery.


Subject(s)
Animals, Newborn/physiology , Apoptosis/physiology , Asphyxia/pathology , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Hippocampus/physiology , Neuronal Plasticity/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Animals , Animals, Newborn/anatomy & histology , Asphyxia/genetics , Asphyxia/metabolism , Cell Proliferation , Female , Hippocampus/cytology , Neurons/cytology , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Wistar
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