Allen: A High-Level Trigger on GPUs for LHCb.

We describe a fully GPU-based implementation of the first level trigger for the upgrade of the LHCb detector, due to start data taking in 2021. We demonstrate that our implementation, named Allen, can process the 40 Tbit/s data rate of the upgraded LHCb detector and perform a wide variety of pattern recognition tasks. These include finding the trajectories of charged particles, finding proton-proton collision points, identifying particles as hadrons or muons, and finding the displaced decay vertices of long-lived particles. We further demonstrate that Allen can be implemented in around 500 scientific or consumer GPU cards, that it is not I/O bound, and can be operated at the full LHC collision rate of 30 MHz. Allen is the first complete high-throughput GPU trigger proposed for a HEP experiment.

Proteomics Profiling of Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatitis for Biomarkers Discovery.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with an increase in incidence predicted, particularly in African Americans. Pancreatic cancer is considered a silent disease with poor prognosis and a lack of early biomarkers for detection. Proteomics has been applied in many diseases for identifying or discovering biomarkers. It has long been suggested that chronic pancreatitis may be a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer. This study identified proteins that are altered in expression in pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis compared to normal using proteomic technology. Proteins were extracted from laser captured micro-dissected tissues and separated in 2-DPAGE and imaged. The protein profiles of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis are similar but differed with the protein profile of normal adjacent tissues. Representative proteins, overexpressed in tumor and pancreatitis but not normal tissues, were excised from gels, subjected to in-gel digestion, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Proteins identified included transferrin, ER-60 protein, proapolipoprotein, tropomyosin 1, alpha 1 actin precursor, ACTB protein, and gamma 2 propeptide, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, pancreatic lipase and annexin A1. Several proteins, which were shown in pancreatic cancer, were also observed in pancreatitis samples. Understanding the role of these specific proteins and their mechanistic action will give insights into their involvement in pancreatic cancers.

Trastornos del control de los impulsos y punding en la enfermedad de Parkinson: la necesidad de una entrevista estructurada / Impulse control disorders and punding in Parkinson’s disease: the need for a structured interview

Introducción: Los trastornos del control de impulsos (TCI) que incluyen hipersexualidad, ludopatía, compulsión por comer, comprar y consumir fármacos dopaminérgicos, han sido descritos en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) así como el punding (comportamiento estereotipado que comprende rituales motores automáticos, sin finalidad). Dado que los pacientes no suelen referir a su neurólogo estas conductas, el TCI y el punding están infradiagnosticados en la práctica clínica. Método: Prospectivamente a 216 pacientes consecutivos (102 hombres, edad media 77±5 años) con EP idiopática se les preguntó sistemáticamente sobre síntomas relacionados con TCI y punding. Además, se obtuvo una muestra al azar apareada por edad y sexo, de 216 pacientes con EP idiopática, y se revisó retrospectivamente la presencia de síntomas relacionados con TCI y punding que habían sido referidos espontáneamente. Resultados: Veinte casos (9,26%) de 216 pacientes con EP que contestaron el cuestionario de forma prospectiva presentaron TCI y/o punding, algunos de ellos con más de un tipo de conducta repetitiva: 7 hipersexualidad (3,24%), 2 ludopatía (0,93%), 4 compra compulsiva (1,85%), 2 atracones (0,93%), 8 punding (3,70%) y uno abuso de medicación (0,46%). De la muestra retrospectiva de 216 pacientes apareados por edad y sexo, sólo 5 pacientes (2,31%) habían referido de forma espontánea estos síntomas: 2 hipersexualidad (0,93%), 2 juego patológico (0,93%) y uno punding (0,46%). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con EP no admiten espontáneamente la presencia de TCI y punding, por lo que estas conductas están infradiagnosticadas .Para garantizar su detección es necesaria la realización de una entrevista dirigida (AU)

Introduction: Impulse control disorders (ICD) including hypersexuality, compulsive gambling, buying, eating, shopping and dopaminergic medication use, have been reported to occurfrequently in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Punding (complex, repetitive, excessive, non-goal oriented behaviours) have also been described. As patients may not report such behaviours to their neurologist, ICD and punding appear to be under-recognised in clinicalpractice. Method: We Prospectively screened 216 consecutive patients (102 men, age 77±5 years)with idiopathic PD. Patients and their caregivers were encouraged to complete a questionnairewith six questions on symptoms related to ICD and punding. In addition, weobtained a random sample matched by age and sex of 216 patients with idiopathic PD, and retrospective analysis of symptoms related to ICD and punding who had been referred spontaneously.Results: Only 20 cases (9.26%) of 216 patients with PD who answered the questionnaire prospectively presented ICD and / or punding, some involving more than one type of repetitivebehaviour and reward-seeking: 7 hypersexuality (3.24%), 2 p athological gambling (0.93%), 4 compulsive buying (1.85%), 2 compulsive eating (0.93%), 8 punding (3.70%) and 1 abuse ofmedication (0.46%).Of the retrospective sample of 216 patients age- and gender-matched, only5 patients (2,31%) had spontaneously mentioned these symptoms: 2 hypersexuality (0.93%), 2pathological gambling (0.93%) and 1 punding (0.46%). Conclusions: Patients with PD do not spontaneously admit the presence of ICD or punding andthese behaviours appear to be under-recognised in clinical practice. A screening questionnaire is needed to ensure their detection (AU)

Impulse control disorders and punding in Parkinson's disease: the need for a structured interview.

INTRODUCTION: Impulse control disorders (ICD) including hypersexuality, compulsive gambling, buying, eating, shopping and dopaminergic medication use, have been reported to occur frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). Punding (complex, repetitive, excessive, non-goal oriented behaviours) have also been described. As patients may not report such behaviours to their neurologist, ICD and punding appear to be under-recognised in clinical practice. METHOD: We Prospectively screened 216 consecutive patients (102 men, age 77±5 years) with idiopathic PD. Patients and their caregivers were encouraged to complete a questionnaire with six questions on symptoms related to ICD and punding. In addition, we obtained a random sample matched by age and sex of 216 patients with idiopathic PD, and retrospective analysis of symptoms related to ICD and punding who had been referred spontaneously. RESULTS: Only 20 cases (9.26%) of 216 patients with PD who answered the questionnaire prospectively presented ICD and / or punding, some involving more than one type of repetitive behaviour and reward-seeking: 7 hypersexuality (3.24%), 2 pathological gambling (0.93%), 4 compulsive buying (1.85%), 2 compulsive eating (0.93%), 8 punding (3.70%) and 1 abuse of medication (0.46%).Of the retrospective sample of 216 patients age- and gender-matched, only 5 patients (2,31%) had spontaneously mentioned these symptoms: 2 hypersexuality (0.93%), 2 pathological gambling (0.93%) and 1 punding (0.46%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PD do not spontaneously admit the presence of ICD or punding and these behaviours appear to be under-recognised in clinical practice. A screening questionnaire is needed to ensure their detection.

[Ureterostomy cytomegalovirus infection presenting as stoma ulceration in a kidney allograft receptor: a case report]. / Ureteritis por citomegalovirus en receptor de trasplante renal. Informe de un caso con presentación inusual.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral infection affecting transplant patients, but urinary tract involvement has been rare. Only a few cases of symptomatic ureteritis have been reported in renal transplant recipients. In previous reports the presentation of CMV ureteritis is obstructive nephropathy, often in the absence of systemic illness, or rarely it may also mimic allograft rejection with minimal obstructive symptoms. We describe an additional case of CMV ureteritis in a patient with cutaneous ureterostomy. The unusual clinical presentation with urinary infection symptoms and ureterostomy stoma ulceration constitute a very particular presentation. The increasing report cases with CMV ureteritis suggest an increase of this post-transplant complication.

Ureteritis por citomegalovirus en receptor de trasplante renal. Informe de un caso con presentación inusual / Ureterostomy cytomegalovirus infection presenting as stoma ulceration in a kidney allograft receptor: a case report

La infección por citomegalovirus (CMV) es la infección viral más frecuente en pacientes trasplantados, pero es muy inusual el compromiso del tracto urinario. Sólo se han informado unos pocos casos de uretritis por CMV en trasplantados renales. En los informes previos la presentación clínica más habitual es nefropatía obstructiva, a menudo en ausencia de enfermedad sistémica, o, algunas veces, puede simular un episodio de rechazo con mínimos síntomas obstructivos. Nosotros describimos un caso más de uretritis por CMV en un paciente trasplantado renal con ureterostomía y una presentación muy inusual caracterizada por síntomas de infección de vías urinarias y ulceración en la boca de la ureterostomía. El número incrementado de informes de ureteritis por CMV en trasplantados renales plantea la posibilidad de un aumento en la incidencia de esta complicación post-trasplante (AU)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral infection affecting transplant patients, but urinary tract involvement has been rare. Only a few cases of symptomatic ureteritis have been reported in renal transplant recipients. In previous reports the presentation of CMV ureteritis is obstructive nephropathy, often in the absence of systemic illness, or rarely it may also mimic allograft rejection with minimal obstructive symptoms. We describe an additional case of CMV ureteritis in a patient with cutaneous ureterostomy. The unusual clinical presentation with urinary infection symptoms and ureterostomy stoma ulceration constitute a very particular presentation. The increasing report cases with CMV ureteritis suggest an increase of this post-transplant complication (AU)

Curso y evolución del embarazo y el parto en pacientes expuestas a psicofármacos / Pregnancy outcomes and delivery in patients treated with psychotropic drugs

OBJETIVOS: Comparar los resultados del embarazo y el parto en un grupo de pacientes expuestas a antidepresivos y/o benzodiazepinas durante algún período de la gestación con los obtenidos en una cohorte no expuesta a psicofármacos durante el embarazo. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron 157 pacientes que habían tomado psicofármacos durante el embarazo y fueron comparados con una cohorte de 157 embarazadas no expuestas a psicofármacos. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario estandarizado. RESULTADOS: No se observó un riesgo superior para presentar malformaciones mayores relacionado con la exposición a psicofármacos (2,1 por ciento en la cohorte expuesta frente al 3,4 por ciento en la cohorte no expuesta). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso de los recién nacidos (3.120 ñ 484 g frente a 3.294 ñ 444 g; p < 0,001) y en la duración de la gestación (38,5 ñ 3,2 semanas frente a 39,2 ñ 2,5 semanas; p < 0,003). CONCLUSIONES: La utilización de psicofármacos durante el embarazo, especialmente antidepresivos y benzodiazepinas, presenta un potencial teratógeno muy bajo. (AU)

[Obsessive-compulsive disorders and structural cerebral alterations. Description of 3 cases]. / Trastornos del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo y alteraciones estructurales cerebrales. Descripción de 3 casos.

Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders have emerged as a differentiated entity, characterized with intrusive and obsessive thoughts or repetitive behaviors whose major syndrome would be the classical obsessive-compulsive disorder. In order to spread this concept among neurologists, we present three cases that can be considered as obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, in which structural cerebral lesions co-exist. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders share with obsessive-compulsive disorder several clinical and neurobiological characteristics as well as their therapeutic response. Nevertheless, obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders have a lesser positive familial history incidence and a later start than obsessive-compulsive disorder. Recent neurobiological studies using functional and structural neuroimaging in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder together with neuropsychological studies reveal the existence of defects in the following neural circuits: frontal-orbital-basal ganglia-thalamus-cortical and their limbic connections. In a similar manner as it occurs with obsessive-compulsive disorder, research on obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders will provide the pathophysiological basis of the obsessive-compulsive disorder in the dysfunctionality of the previously mentioned neurological circuits.

Trastornos del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo y alteraciones estructurales cerebrales. Descripción de 3 casos / Obsessive-compulsive disorders and structural cerebral alterations. Description of 3 cases

Los trastornos del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo han surgido como una categoría diferenciada de entidades diagnósticas caracterizadas por pensamientos obsesivos intrusos o comportamientos repetitivos, cuyo síndrome principal sería el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo clásico. Para facilitar la difusión de este concepto entre los neurólogos, presentamos tres casos que se podrían englobar dentro de la categoría del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo, en los que coexisten lesiones estructurales cerebrales. Los trastornos del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo comparten con el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo determinadas características clínicas, neurobiológicas y de respuesta terapéutica. Sin embargo, los trastornos del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo presentan una menor incidencia de historia familiar positiva y una presentación más tardía. Recientes estudios neurobiológicos de neuroimagen funcional y estructural en pacientes con trastornos obsesivo-compulsivos, así como estudios neuropsicológicos ponen de manifiesto la existencia de alteraciones en los circuitos fronto-órbito-ganglios basales-tálamo-corticales y sus conexiones límbicas. Al igual que ocurre con el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo adquirido, la investigación de los trastornos del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo contribuiría a afianzar la base fisiopatológica del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo en la disfunción de los circuitos citados. (AU)

[Electroconvulsive therapy in Parkinson disease. Description of three cases]. / Terapia electroconvulsiva en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Descripción de 3 casos.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has demonstrated to be useful in psychiatric patients with parkinsonism as well as patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) without associated psychopathology. We prospectively evaluated three patients with PD and major depression in whom ECT proved to be efficacious. These patients experimented a marked improvement measured by the Unified Parkinson's Rating Scale (UPDRS). In two cases the ECT allowed for a reduction in their drug treatment, and in one case complex fluctuations disappeared. In the two patients who continued with ECT fortnightly, the improvement observed inicially has remained. Since ECT has shown a good tolerance, we conclude that this therapy should be considered as an alternative approach for PD patients with a poor answer to conventional treatment.

Lateral distraction injury to the lumbar spine. Report of spontaneous reduction.

STUDY DESIGN: A patient with a lateral distraction injury of the lumbar spine that reduced spontaneously and not associated with any thoracic or abdominal injury is reported. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A brief summary of the clinical presentation is given as is the surgical technique employed. Lateral distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine associate a distraction injury with lateral bending in the frontal plane, causing unilateral disruption of the ligamentous and osseous restraints. The have been associated with life-threatening thoracic and abdominal injuries. Closed reduction of this spine injury is not believed to be feasible. CONCLUSIONS: This case introduces interesting new features to this spine lesion. It is the first reported case with documented spontaneous reduction.