Effect of 10% Proanthocyanidin gel on demineralized organic matrix degradation: ELISA method / Efeito do gel de Proantocianidina a 10% na degradação da matriz orgânica desmineralizada: método ELISA

Objective: This study evaluated Proanthocyanidin protective effect on dentin subjected to erosion and its inhibition on degradation of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). Material and Methods: The tested groups were: G1 - 10% Proanthocyanidin gel (test group), G2 - 1.23% NaF (positive control 1), G3 - 0.012% Chlorhexidine (positive control 2) and G4 ­ Placebo (negative control with no active compound) and two methodologies were performed: contact profilometry and ICTP ELISA method. To quantify dentin wear, profilometry was performed. Data were submitted to Analysis of Variance followed by Fisher's LSD Test. To assess the collagen degradation, ICTP ELISA method was performed. Data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn ́s test. Simple linear regression and Pearson Correlation test were also performed (p<0.05). Results: The profilometry showed significantly lower wear of G1 when compared to other groups and G2, G3 and G4, which did not present significant difference among them. In the ICTP ELISA analysis, G1 and G4 did not show significant differences and the same happened between G2 and G3. However, G1 and G4 had lower values of collagen degradation compared to groups G2 and G3. Data showed that degraded DOM is a significant predictor to explain the values obtained through the ICTP ELISA. Conclusions: The results allow to verify that 10% proanthocyanidin provided less tooth wear and decreased degradation of the DOM, suggesting a good ability to prevent dentin erosion. The regression analysis also suggests that contact profilometry is a good strategy to quantify dentin wear (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito protetor da proantocianidina na dentina submetida à erosão e sua inibição na degradação da matriz orgânica desmineralizada (MOD). Material e Métodos: Os grupos testados foram: G1 - gel de Proantocianidina 10% (grupo teste), G2 - NaF 1,23% (controle positivo 1), G3 - Clorexidina 0,012% (controle positivo 2) e G4 - Placebo (controle negativo sem princípio ativo) e duas metodologias foram realizadas: perfilometria de contato e método ICTP ELISA. Para quantificar o desgaste da dentina, a perfilometria foi realizada. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância seguida do Teste LSD de Fisher. Para avaliar a degradação do colágeno, foi realizado o método ICTP ELISA. Resultados: Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido do teste de Dunn. Regressão linear simples e teste de correlação de Pearson também foram realizados (p<0,05). A perfilometria mostrou desgaste significativamente menor do G1 quando comparado aos outros grupos e G2, G3 e G4, que não apresentaram diferença significativa entre si. Na análise ICTP ELISA, G1 e G4 não apresentaram diferenças significativas e o mesmo ocorreu entre G2 e G3. No entanto, G1 e G4 apresentaram valores menores de degradação do colágeno em relação aos grupos G2 e G3. Os dados mostraram que a MOD degradada é um preditor significativo para explicar os valores obtidos pelo ICTP ELISA. Conclusão: Os resultados permitem verificar que a proantocianidina a 10% proporcionou menor desgaste dentário e diminuição da degradação da MOD, sugerindo uma boa capacidade de prevenir a erosão dentinária. Também sugere que a perfilometria de contato é uma boa estratégia para quantificar o desgaste da dentina (AU)

Proanthocyanidin protects the enamel against initial erosive challenge when applied over acquired pellicle.

PURPOSE: Concurrently with the growing interest in CAD-CAM systems, several new materials of different chemical nature have become available. As an alternative to ceramics, numerous polymer-based materials have recently been proposed for permanent prosthetic restorations. Aim of this study was to test the CAD-CAM polymer-based materials available on the market, comparing mean flexural strength, Weibull characteristic strength and Weibull modulus. METHODS: Seven types of polymer-based blocks were tested: Lava Ultimate, 3M; Brilliant Crios, Coltene; Cerasmart, GC; Block HC, Shofu; Katana Avencia, Noritake; Grandio Blocs, Voco; Tetric CAD, and Ivoclar-Vivadent. Specimens were cut out from blocks, finished, polished, and tested in a three-point bending test apparatus until failure (n=30). Flexural strength, Weibull characteristic strength, and Weibull modulus were calculated. Flexural strength data were statistically analyzed. ANOVA on Ranks was applied, followed by the Dunn's test for post hoc comparisons (P= 0.05). RESULTS: Flexural strength values (MPa) were measured (mean±standard deviation). Different letters in parentheses label statistically significant differences: Grandio Blocs 266±24(a), Brilliant Crios 259±21(ab); Tetric CAD 254±15(ab); Katana Avencia 241±29(bc); Cerasmart 221±24(cd); Lava Ultimate 196±23(de); Block HC 139±10(e). All the tested materials had flexural strengths greater than 100 MPa, thereby satisfying the requirements of ISO standards for polymer-based materials. For all the tested materials the Weibull characteristic strength was greater than 100 MPa. Weibull modulus ranged between 21.20 (Tetric CAD) and 9.09 (Katana Avencia). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Even though all the CAD-CAM polymer-based materials marketed in blocks tested in the present study satisfy the requirements of ISO standard for polymer-based materials, their flexural resistance differs significantly. The data presented in the study may be helpful to clinicians for selecting the most appropriate materials for each clinical case.

In situ effect of a proanthocyanidin mouthrinse on dentin subjected to erosion.

BACKGROUND: Proanthocyanidin has been shown to be efficient in inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in situ study was to evaluate the protective effect of Proanthocyanidin-based mouthrinses either with naturally acidic or with a neutral pH applied on dentin subjected to erosion. METHODOLOGY: Eight volunteers wore one palatal device in two phases (7 days washout) with 16 samples per group (n=8). The groups under study were: First Phase/ G1 - 10% proanthocyanidin mouthrinse (pH 7.0, Experimental group 1 - Purified Grape Seeds Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins), G2 - 10% proanthocyanidin mouthrinse (pH 3.0, Experimental group 2 - Purified Grape Seeds Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins). Second Phase/ G3 - 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse (pH 7.0, Positive control group), G4 - no previous treatment (Negative control group). Each device was subjected to 3 erosive cycles (5 minutes) per day for 5 days. Treatments with different mouthrinses were applied once after the second erosive challenge (5 minutes). Profilometry was used to quantify dentin loss (µm). RESULTS: Data were analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA followed by Fisher's test (p<0.05). G1 (1.17±0.69) and G3 (1.22±0.25) showed significantly lower wear values with no statistical difference between them. G2 (2.99±1.15) and G4 (2.29±1.13) presented higher wear values with no significant differences between them. CONCLUSION: The 10% proanthocyanidin mouthrinse (pH 7.0) could be a good strategy to reduce dentin wear progression.

In situ effect of a proanthocyanidin mouthrinse on dentin subjected to erosion

Abstract Proanthocyanidin has been shown to be efficient in inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases. Objective The aim of this in situ study was to evaluate the protective effect of Proanthocyanidin-based mouthrinses either with naturally acidic or with a neutral pH applied on dentin subjected to erosion. Methodology Eight volunteers wore one palatal device in two phases (7 days washout) with 16 samples per group (n=8). The groups under study were: First Phase/ G1 - 10% proanthocyanidin mouthrinse (pH 7.0, Experimental group 1 - Purified Grape Seeds Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins), G2 - 10% proanthocyanidin mouthrinse (pH 3.0, Experimental group 2 - Purified Grape Seeds Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins). Second Phase/ G3 - 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse (pH 7.0, Positive control group), G4 - no previous treatment (Negative control group). Each device was subjected to 3 erosive cycles (5 minutes) per day for 5 days. Treatments with different mouthrinses were applied once after the second erosive challenge (5 minutes). Profilometry was used to quantify dentin loss (µm). Results Data were analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA followed by Fisher's test (p<0.05). G1 (1.17±0.69) and G3 (1.22±0.25) showed significantly lower wear values with no statistical difference between them. G2 (2.99±1.15) and G4 (2.29±1.13) presented higher wear values with no significant differences between them. Conclusion The 10% proanthocyanidin mouthrinse (pH 7.0) could be a good strategy to reduce dentin wear progression.

Efeito in situ de uma solução de proantocianidina sobre a dentina submetida à erosão dentária / In situ effect of a proanthocyanidin mouthrinse on dentin submitted to erosion

The organic matrix is of great importance in the process of loss of dental tissue because it functions as a barrier that prevents the diffusion of the acids to the tissues. For its degradation to be avoided, some agents have been tested in an attempt to inhibit the MMPs, the enzymes responsible for this process. Proanthocyanidin has been shown to be efficient in inhibiting these enzymes and therefore the aim of this study in situ was to evaluate the protective effect of a mouthrinse based on proanthocyanidin applied on the dentin submitted to erosion. Seven volunteers wore 2 palatal devices in each phase. The groups under study were: First Phase/ G1 - Erosive challenge with acid drink (Coca-cola®) before dentin treatement with 10% proanthocyanidin mouthrinse (neutralized to pH 7.0, Experimental group 1), G2 - Erosive challenge with acid drink (Coca-cola®) before dentin treatement with 10% proanthocyanidin mouthrinse (without neutralization, pH 3.0, Experimental group 2). Second Phase/ G3 - Erosive challenge with acid drink (Coca-cola®) before dentin treatement with 0.12% Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (pH 7.0, Positive control group), G4 - Erosive challenge with acid drink (Coca-cola®) with no previous treatment (Negative control group). Treatments with different mouthrinses were applied once after the second erosive challenge, for 5 minutes. Volunteers continuously wore the oral appliance and for the erosive cycling, each device was immersed into the 32 ml of acid beverage, 3 times a day for 5 minutes during 5 days. Profilometry was used to quantify the dentin loss (µm). Data were analyzed by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by LSD Fishers's test (p<0.05). G1 (1.17a ± 0.69) and G3 (1.22a ± 0.25) showed significant lower wear values with no statistical difference between them. There was also no significant differences between G2 (2.99b ± 1.15) and G4 (2.29b ± 1.13) resulting in more wear when compared to others groups. This study suggest that 10% neutralized proanthocyanidin mouthrinse could be a good strategy to diminish dentin wear progression.(AU)

A matriz orgânica é de grande importância no processo de perda de tecido dental porque funciona como uma barreira que impede a difusão dos ácidos para os tecidos. Para evitar a sua degradação, alguns agentes foram testados numa tentativa de inibir as MMPs, enzimas responsáveis por este processo. A proantocianidina mostrou ser eficiente na inibição das mesmas e, portanto, o objetivo deste estudo in situ foi avaliar o efeito protetor de um enxaguatório com base em proantocianidina aplicada na dentina submetida à erosão. Este estudo cruzado simples-cego foi realizado em 2 fases de 5 dias cada. Sete voluntários usaram 2 dispositivos palatinos em cada fase. Os grupos estudados foram: Primeira Fase / G1 - Desafio Erosivo com bebida ácida (Coca-cola®) antes do tratamento da dentina com enxaguatório bucal de proantocianidina 10% (pH neutralizado a 7,0, Grupo Experimental 1), G2 - Desafio Erosivo com bebida ácida -cola®) antes do tratamento na dentina com enxaguatório bucal de proantocianidina a 10% (sem neutralização, pH 3,0, grupo experimental 2). Segunda Fase / G3 - Desafio erosivo com bebida ácida (Coca-cola®) antes do tratamento na dentina com 0,12% de enxaguatório bucal de Clorhexidina (pH 7,0, controle positivo), G4 - Desafio erosivo com bebida ácida (Coca-cola®) sem tratamento (controle negativo). Os tratamentos com diferentes enxaguatórios foram aplicados uma vez após o segundo desafio erosivo, durante 5 minutos. Os voluntários continuamente usavam o aparelho oral e para o ciclo erosivo, cada dispositivo foi imerso em 150 ml de bebida ácida, 3 vezes ao dia durante 5 minutos durante 5 dias. A Perfilometria foi utilizada para quantificar a perda de dentina (µm). Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA de medidas repetidas seguido por teste de Fishers LSD (p <0,05). G1 (1,17a ± 0,69) e G3 (1,22a ± 0,25) mostraram valores de desgaste significativamente menores, sem diferença estatística entre eles. Também não houve diferenças significativas entre G2 (2,99b ± 1.15) e G4 (2,29b ± 1.13), resultando em maior desgaste quando comparado a outros grupos. Este estudo sugere que o enxaguatório bucal de proantocianidina 10% neutralizada poderia ser uma boa estratégia para diminuir a progressão do desgaste dentinário.(AU)