Physical fitness level and the risk of severe COVID-19: A systematic review.

To verify systematically the association between the status of physical fitness and the risk of severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the eligibility criteria followed the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) recommendation. PubMed, Embase, SciELO and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. All studies that explored the relationship between the pattern of physical fitness and COVID-19 adverse outcomes (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, intubation, or mortality), were selected. The quality of the studies was assessed by the specific scale of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of seven observational studies were identified in this systematic review; 13 â€‹468 patients were included in one case-control study, two cohort studies, and four cross-sectional studies. All studies reported an inverse association between high physical fitness and severe COVID-19 (hospitalization, intensive care admission, or mortality). Only some studies reported comorbidities, especially obesity and cardiovascular disorders, but the results remained unchanged after controlling for comorbidities. The quality of the seven studies included was moderate according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The methodological heterogeneity of the studies included did not allow a meta-analysis of the findings. In conclusion, higher physical fitness levels were associated with lower risk of hospitalization, intensive care admissions, and mortality rates among patients with COVID-19.

Patterns of physical activity and SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia: A case–control study / Patrones de actividad física y neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2: un estudio de casos y controles

Background Regular physical activity is associated with a low risk of severe community-acquired infections. However, the hypothesis that a physical inactivity pattern is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 has not been completely proven, especially with severe pneumonia. Objective The goal of this study was to confirm the link between physical activity patterns and severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Design Case–control study. Methods This study involved 307 patients who developed SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia and were hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Age- and sex-matched controls (307) were selected from the same population: patients with mild to moderate forms of COVID-19 who were not hospitalized. Physical activity patterns were assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results The mean physical activity levels were lower in the SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia group as compared to the control group: 1576±2939 vs 2438±2999, metabolic equivalent of task (MET-min/week), p<0.001. A high or moderate physical activity level was more common in the control group, and a low physical activity level was more observed in the case group (p<0.001). Obesity was also associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that a low physical activity level was associated with a higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, independent of nutritional status (CI 3.7; 2.24–5.99), p<0.001). Conclusion A higher and moderate level of physical activity is linked to a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos La actividad física regular se asocia con un bajo riesgo de infecciones graves adquiridas en la comunidad. Sin embargo, la hipótesis de que un patrón de inactividad física se asocia con un mayor riesgo de COVID-19 grave no ha sido completamente probada, especialmente con neumonía grave. El objetivo de este estudio fue confirmar el vínculo entre los patrones de actividad física y la neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos Estudio de casos y controles. Este estudio involucró a 307 pacientes que desarrollaron neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 y fueron hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se seleccionaron controles emparejados por edad y sexo (307) de la misma población: pacientes con formas leves a moderadas de COVID-19 que no fueron hospitalizados. Los patrones de actividad física se evaluaron utilizando la versión corta del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Resultados Los niveles medios de actividad física fueron menores en el grupo de neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 en comparación con el grupo control: 1576±2939 vs 2438±2999, equivalente metabólico de la tarea (MET-min/semana), p<0.001. Un nivel de actividad física alto o moderado fue más común en el grupo control, y un nivel de actividad física bajo fue más observado en el grupo de casos (p<0,001). La obesidad también se asoció con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 (p<0,001). El análisis multivariable mostró que un bajo nivel de actividad física se asoció con un mayor riesgo de neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2, independientemente del estado nutricional (IC 3,7; 2,24-5,99), p<0,001). Conclusión Un nivel de actividad física más alto y moderado se relaciona con un menor riesgo de neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 (AU)

Patterns of physical activity and SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity is associated with a low risk of severe community-acquired infections. However, the hypothesis that a physical inactivity pattern is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 has not been completely proven, especially with severe pneumonia. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to confirm the link between physical activity patterns and severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: This study involved 307 patients who developed SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia and were hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Age- and sex-matched controls (307) were selected from the same population: patients with mild to moderate forms of COVID-19 who were not hospitalized. Physical activity patterns were assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean physical activity levels were lower in the SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia group as compared to the control group: 1576±2939 vs 2438±2999, metabolic equivalent of task (MET-min/week), p<0.001. A high or moderate physical activity level was more common in the control group, and a low physical activity level was more observed in the case group (p<0.001). Obesity was also associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that a low physical activity level was associated with a higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, independent of nutritional status (CI 3.7; 2.24-5.99), p<0.001). CONCLUSION: A higher and moderate level of physical activity is linked to a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia.