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1.
BMC Nephrol ; 21(1): 206, 2020 05 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32471386

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous study showed that purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) reach the highest expression in the first week after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice, and are involved in the process of inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis of renal tissue. We, herein, document the role of purinergic P2X7 receptors activation on the third day of UUO, as assessed by means of BBG as its selective inhibitor. METHODS: We investigated the effects of brilliant blue G (BBG), a P2X7R antagonist, in the third day of kidney tissue response to UUO in rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats submitted to UUO or sham operated, received BBG or vehicle (V), comprising four groups: UUO-BBG, UUO-V, sham-BBG and sham-V. The kidneys were harvested on day 3 UUO and prepared for histology, immunohistochemistry (P2X7R, PCNA, CD-68, α-sma, TGF-ß1, Heat-shock protein-47, TUNEL assay), quantitative real-time PCR (IL-1ß, procollagens type I, III, and IV) for mRNA quantification. RESULTS: The group UUO-V presented an enhancement in tubular cell P2X7-R expression, increase influx of macrophages and myofibroblasts, HSP-47 and TGF- ß1 expression. Also, upregulation of procollagen types I, III, and IV, and IL-1ß mRNAs were seen. On the other hand, group UUO-BBG showed lower expression of procollagens and IL-1ß mRNAs, as well as less immunoreactivity of HSP-47, TGF-ß, macrophages, myofibroblasts, and tubular apoptosis. This group also presented increased epithelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: BBG, a known highly selective inhibitor of P2X7R, attenuated renal inflammation, collagen synthesis, renal cell apoptosis, and enhanced renal cell proliferation in the early phase of rat model of UUO.


Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Kidney/pathology , Nephritis/drug therapy , Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use , Rosaniline Dyes/therapeutic use , Ureteral Obstruction/complications , Actins/metabolism , Animals , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Movement , Collagen Type I/genetics , Collagen Type III/genetics , Collagen Type IV/genetics , Fibrosis , HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Interleukin-1beta/genetics , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney Tubules/pathology , Macrophages/physiology , Male , Myofibroblasts/physiology , Nephritis/etiology , Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Rosaniline Dyes/pharmacology , Time Factors , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Up-Regulation
2.
J Forensic Leg Med ; 23: 49-54, 2014 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24661706

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study, carried out based on examinations of battered women by the Clinical Forensic Service of the Afrânio Peixoto Medical-Legal Institute in the city of Rio de Janeiro, aims to characterize the nature of the injuries suffered by victims of domestic violence and to investigate the motivation of such events, the family situations in which they occur, the habits of victims and aggressors and the social milieu involved. METHOD: A questionnaire was given to 1000 battered women attended by that service between October 2009 and March 2012, along with simultaneous quantification/classification of the injuries suffered. RESULTS: We found a prevalence of working women (63.3%), with at least some high school (46.6%), who were the main household breadwinners (50.9%). In contrast, the largest percentages of male aggressors only had primary school educations at most (45.9%), were illegal drug users (60.4%) and were self-employed/freelance workers (72.4%). Regarding classification of the injuries (according to the Brazilian Penal Code), there were 971 cases of injuries considered slight, 23 of severe injuries and 6 of very severe injuries. CONCLUSION: The majority of the women studied continue suffering aggressions even though they have their own means of support without depending on a male companion or husband. The reasons given for accepting the aggressive acts were mainly associated with the psychological sphere, in a relation of dependence and subordination.


Subject(s)
Battered Women/statistics & numerical data , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Trauma Severity Indices
3.
Radiol. bras ; 40(5): 327-330, set.-out. 2007. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467768

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de o exame radiológico da coluna lombar determinar a identificação correta dos indivíduos, apesar das alterações evolutivas do envelhecimento. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi constituída amostra com 60 pares de radiografias de coluna lombar, feitas em épocas distintas, com intervalo mínimo de três anos, de pacientes de ambos os sexos, adultos e com idades diversas. Os pares foram misturados para que dois experientes radiologistas os reconstituíssem. As vértebras de cada par foram comparadas em relação a semelhanças e diferenças de detalhes anatômicos, sendo estabelecido, como critério de pareamento, o encontro de uma variação anatômica ou de uma particularidade específica, ou o encontro de duas ou mais igualdades entre os detalhes anatômicos, sem pontos de divergência. RESULTADOS: O correto pareamento de todas as radiografias foi alcançado por ambos os observadores, os quais apresentaram inúmeros pontos de coincidência em suas análises. O estudo estatístico demonstrou que a concordância entre os dois observadores foi considerada de boa a perfeita. CONCLUSÃO: A comparação radiográfica da coluna lombar é capaz de determinar a correta identificação dos indivíduos, apesar das alterações evolutivas do envelhecimento. Dessa forma, as radiografias representam potencial instrumento para uso em perícias de identificação forense.


OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at evaluating the possibility of a radiological study of the lumbar spine determining the correct identification of an individual despite the changes associated with aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample included 60 pairs of lumbar spine radiographic images of both male and female, adult patients of different ages, acquired at different times, at three-year minimum intervals. The pairs of images were mixed up so two experienced radiologists could put them back together. The vertebrae of each pair were compared for similarities and differences in anatomical details. Pairing criteria adopted were finding a specific anatomical variation or detail, or finding two or more similarities among anatomical details, with no point of divergence. RESULTS: Correct pairing of radiographs of the whole sample was achieved by both observers, who presented countless coincidence points in their analyses. The statistical analysis demonstrated a good-to-perfect interobserver agreement. CONCLUSION: Comparison between radiographic images of lumbar spine can determine a correct identification of individuals, despite changes associated with aging. Therefore, radiography represents a potential tool to be utilized in forensic identification studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spine , Lumbar Vertebrae , Aging , Forensic Anthropology
4.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 32(4): 178-182, jul.-ago. 2005. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-417997

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Relacionar as alterações morfológicas renais sob microscopia de luz, de ratos submetidos à oclusão de aorta, em modelo que simule a condição clínica de reparação cirúrgica de um aneurisma de aorta abdominal. MÉTODO: Ratos Wistar (N = 60), machos pesando entre 200 e 250g, foram distribuídos em três grupos: I (simulado); II (isquemia); III (isquemia + reperfusão); e cada grupo redistribuído em dois subgrupos: A (30 min); B (60 min). Foi realizada isquemia utilizando clamp vascular (8mm) na aorta abdominal infra-renal de acordo com o grupo estudado. Ao final de cada experimento os animais foram mortos e realizada análise histológica renal cortical e medular (descritiva e morfométrica) através de metodologia convencional (parafina-hematoxilinaeosina). A análise semiquantitativa de lesão tubular e intersticial foi realizada de acordo com o índice de lesão tubular e índice de lesão intersticial. Para a análise estatística foram aplicados os seguintes testes: Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Comparações múltiplas (p < 0,001). RESULTADOS: Observou-se no grupo III alterações histológicas tubulares e intersticiais significantes com relação aos outros grupos (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: A oclusão da aorta abdominal infra-renal em ratos está associada a lesões estruturais renais tanto tubulares quanto intersticiais principalmente na fase de reperfusão.

5.
J. bras. nefrol ; 23(3): 166-173, set. 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-314643

ABSTRACT

A presente pesquisa é uma revisäo näo sistemática do estudo atual da patogênese da urolitíase, nos últimos cinco anos, sobre os fatores mais importantes envolvidos na litogênese, com ênfase nos cálculos de oxalato de cálcio e os ditúrbios clínico-metabólicos associados à urolitíase. Vários fatores tem sido identificados na patogênese da urolitíase. Estudos recentes sugerem que os cristais de oxalato de cálcio monoidratados se ligam à superfície apical da célula epitelial renal, podendo ser internalizados. A adeséo dos cristais à célula renal epitelial é inibida por ânions específicos, como glicosaminoglicanos, uropontina, nefrocalcina e citrato, que se ligam à superfície do cristal. Estudos sobre a identificaçäo de moléculas no líquido tubular e na superfície celular, que modulam a interaçäo cristal-célula, assim como seu mecanismo de açäo, säo fundamentais para uma melhor compreensäo da patogênese da urolitíase. (au)


Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Calculi/diagnosis , Urinary Calculi/epidemiology , Urinary Calculi/pathology , Kidney Diseases , Urinary Tract
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