Biomarkers Associated with Thrombosis in Patients with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The measurement and identification of plasma biomarkers can support the estimation of risk and diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with the use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the association between the levels of potential biomarkers that reflect the activation of the blood system, long-term vascular complications, inflammatory system, and the occurrence of PICC-related DVT. METHODS: Seven electronic databases (Embase, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ERIC) were searched to identify literature published until December 2022. Studies were required to report: (I) adult and pediatric patients, outpatient or admitted to clinical, surgical, or ICU with PICC; (II) patients with PICC-related DVT and patients without PICC-related DVT as a comparator; and (III) at least one biomarker available. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Study precision was evaluated by using a funnel plot for platelets level. We provided a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of the findings on the biomarkers' outcomes of the studies. We pooled the results using random effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software v5.4. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018108871). RESULTS: Of the 3564 studies identified (after duplication removal), 28 were included. PICC-related DVT was associated with higher D-dimers (0.37 µg/mL, 95% CI 0.02, 0.72; p = 0.04, I2 = 92%; p for heterogeneity < 0.00001) and with higher platelets (8.76 × 109/L, 95% CI 1.62, 15.91; p = 0.02, I2 = 41%; p for heterogeneity = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of D-dimer and platelet were associated with DVT in patients with PICC. However, biomarkers such as APTT, fibrinogen, FDP, glucose, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, INR, prothrombin time, prothrombin fragment 1.2, the thrombin-antithrombin complex, and WBC were not related to the development of DVT associated with PICC.

Hypothermia related to continuous renal replacement therapy: incidence and associated factors. / Hipotermia relacionada à terapia renal substitutiva contínua: incidência e fatores associados.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of hypothermia in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. As secondary objectives, we determined associated factors and compared the occurrence of hypothermia between two modalities of continuous renal replacement therapy. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with adult patients who were admitted to a clinical-surgical intensive care unit and underwent continuous renal replacement therapy in a high-complexity public university hospital in southern Brazil from April 2017 to July 2018. Hypothermia was defined as a body temperature ≤ 35ºC. The patients included in the study were followed for the first 48 hours of continuous renal replacement therapy. The researchers collected data from medical records and continuous renal replacement therapy records. RESULTS: A total of 186 patients were equally distributed between two types of continuous renal replacement therapy: hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration. The incidence of hypothermia was 52.7% and was higher in patients admitted for shock (relative risk of 2.11; 95%CI 1.21 - 3.69; p = 0.009) and in those who underwent hemodiafiltration with heating in the return line (relative risk of 1.50; 95%CI 1.13 - 1.99; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Hypothermia in critically ill patients with continuous renal replacement therapy is frequent, and the intensive care team should be attentive, especially when there are associated risk factors.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de hipotermia em pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva contínua na unidade de terapia intensiva. Como objetivos secundários, determinar fatores associados e comparar a ocorrência de hipotermia entre duas modalidades de terapia renal substitutiva contínua. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, realizado com pacientes adultos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínico-cirúrgica, que realizaram terapia renal substitutiva contínua em um hospital universitário público de alta complexidade do Sul do Brasil, de abril de 2017 a julho de 2018. A hipotermia foi definida como queda da temperatura corporal ≤ 35ºC. Os pacientes incluídos no estudo foram acompanhados nas 48 horas iniciais de terapia renal substitutiva contínua. Os dados foram coletados pelos pesquisadores por meio da consulta aos prontuários e às fichas de registro das terapias renais substitutivas contínuas. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 186 pacientes distribuídos igualmente entre dois tipos de terapia renal substitutiva contínua: hemodiálise e hemodiafiltração. A incidência de hipotermia foi de 52,7%, sendo maior nos pacientes que internaram por choque (risco relativo de 2,11; IC95% 1,21 - 3,69; p = 0,009) e nos que fizeram hemodiafiltração com aquecimento por mangueira na linha de retorno (risco relativo de 1,50; IC95% 1,13 - 1,99; p = 0,005). CONCLUSÃO: A hipotermia em pacientes críticos com terapia renal substitutiva contínua é frequente, e a equipe intensivista deve estar atenta, em especial quando há fatores de risco associados.

International Collaboration and New Research Evidence on Nanda International Terminology.

OBJECTIVES: To discuss priorities and possibilities for promoting international collaboration and new research evidence on NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA-I). METHODS: Theoretical reflection article based on the literature and the authors' opinions on the subject matter, carried out by six research nurses. CONCLUSIONS: International research collaboration for NANDA-I allows the improvement of research production in an actual clinical setting, especially with multicenter and validation studies, conducted by researchers from different countries. This provides for improved understanding of patients' experiences and may help to produce robust scientific evidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING KNOWLEDGE: The generation of new evidence may lead to an increase in NANDA-I visibility and in nurses' understanding of its meaning for clinical practice and for the formulation of diagnostic hypotheses.

Profile of the nursing diagnoses in stable heart disease patients.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the nursing diagnoses through reports in the medical records of patients monitored in a specialized ischemic heart disease outpatient clinic. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection in the medical records. From the data collected, the nursing diagnoses were proposed by the researchers and submitted for validation by specialist cardiology nurses. RESULTS: A total of 13 nursing diagnoses were evaluated from the medical records of 50 outpatients with the following validation agreements among the specialists: Ineffective health management (100%), Noncompliance (100%), Sedentary lifestyle (100%), Activity intolerance (100%), Decreased cardiac output (88%), Risk of decreased cardiac tissue perfusion (65%), Risk of intolerance to activity (65%), Acute pain (76%), Ineffective health maintenance (65%), Risk-prone health behavior (65%), Risk for decreased cardiac output (65%), Risk for intolerance to activity (65%), Ineffective respiratory pattern (53%), Impaired memory (29%). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the nursing diagnoses validated for stable heart disease patients were linked to adherence to treatment and to the cardiovascular responses of the patients, reinforcing the importance of early intervention. These results allow the multidisciplinary team to individualize the goals and interventions proposed for ischemic heart disease patients.

Profile of the nursing diagnoses in stable heart disease patients

Abstract Objective. To identify the nursing diagnoses through reports in the medical records of patients monitored in a specialized ischemic heart disease outpatient clinic. Methods. Cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection in the medical records. From the data collected, the nursing diagnoses were proposed by the researchers and submitted for validation by specialist cardiology nurses. Results. A total of 13 nursing diagnoses were evaluated from the medical records of 50 outpatients with the following validation agreements among the specialists: Ineffective health management (100%), Noncompliance (100%), Sedentary lifestyle (100%), Activity intolerance (100%), Decreased cardiac output (88%), Risk of decreased cardiac tissue perfusion (65%), Risk of intolerance to activity (65%), Acute pain (76%), Ineffective health maintenance (65%), Risk-prone health behavior (65%), Risk for decreased cardiac output (65%), Risk for intolerance to activity (65%), Ineffective respiratory pattern (53%), Impaired memory (29%). Conclusion. In this study, the nursing diagnoses validated for stable heart disease patients were linked to adherence to treatment and to the cardiovascular responses of the patients, reinforcing the importance of early intervention. These results allow the multidisciplinary team to individualize the goals and interventions proposed for ischemic heart disease patients.

Resumen Objetivo. Identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería a partir de los registros en el seguimiento de los pacientes que acuden a un centro ambulatorio especializado en cardiopatía isquémica en la ciudad de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Métodos. Estudio transversal con toma de información retrospectiva de la historia clínica. A partir de los datos recolectados, los diagnósticos de enfermería identificados por los investigadores se sometieron a valoración de enfermeros especialistas en cardiología. Resultados. Se identificaron 13 diagnósticos de enfermería en las historias clínicas de 50 pacientes ambulatorios, con la siguiente concordancia de validación entre los especialistas: control ineficaz de la salud (100%), falta de adherencia (100%), estilo de vida sedentario (100%), Intolerancia a la actividad (100%), Débito cardíaco disminuido (88%), Riego de perfusión tisular cardíaca disminuida (76%), Dolor agudo (76%), Mantenimiento ineficaz de la salud (65%), Comportamiento de salud propenso a riesgo (65%), Riesgo de débito cardíaco disminuido (65%), Riesgo de intolerancia a la actividad (65%), Patrón respiratorio ineficaz (53%), Memoria perjudicada (29%). Conclusión. En este estudio los diagnósticos de enfermería validados para los pacientes cardiópatas estables están relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento y a la respuesta cardiovascular a las intervenciones, reforzando la importancia de intervención precoz. Esos resultados permiten, en equipos multiprofesionales, individualizar las metas e intervenciones para los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica.

Resumo Objetivo. Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem através dos registros no seguimento dos pacientes que vão a um centro ambulatório especializado em cardiopatia isquêmica na cidade de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Métodos. Estudo transversal com toma de informação retrospectiva da história clínica. A partir dos dados recolhido, os diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados pelos investigadores foram submetidos a valoração de enfermeiros especialistas em cardiologia. Resultados. Foram identificados 13 diagnósticos de enfermagem nas histórias clínicas de 50 pacientes ambulatórios, com a seguinte concordância de validação entre os especialistas: controle ineficaz da saúde (100%), falta de aderência (100%), estilo de vida sedentário (100%), Intolerância à atividade (100%), Débito cardíaco diminuído (88%), irrigação de perfusão tissular cardíaca diminuída (76%), Dor agudo (76%), Manutenção ineficaz da saúde (65%), Comportamento de saúde propenso a risco (65%), Risco de débito cardíaco diminuído (65%), Risco de intolerância à atividade (65%), Padrão respiratório ineficaz (53%), Memória prejudicada (29%). Conclusão. Neste estudo os diagnósticos de enfermagem validados para os pacientes cardiopatas estáveis estão relacionados com a aderência ao tratamento e à resposta cardiovascular às intervenções dos pacientes, reforçando a importância de intervenção precoce. Esses resultados permitem em equipes multiprofissionais

Nursing Activities Score: qual periodicidade ideal para avaliação da carga de trabalho? / Nursing Activities Score: ¿cuál es la periodicidad ideal para analizar la carga de trabajo? / Nursing Activities Score: what is the ideal periodicity for assessing workload?

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar a carga de trabalho obtida a partir do Nursing Activities Score (NAS) pontuado três vezes ao dia, no final de cada turno de trabalho, e pontuado uma vez ao dia considerando as 24 horas. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal prospectivo, realizado com adultos internados em um Centro de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público de alta complexidade do sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada através do sistema Epimed Monitor®. No primeiro período do estudo (Período 1) a pontuação média do NAS foi obtida a partir de três avaliações diárias e no segundo período (Período 2) o NAS foi pontuado uma vez ao dia. A comparação das variáveis foi verificada por meio dos testes t-Studente Mann Whitney U. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição de origem. Resultados: Durante o estudo foram realizadas 1738 avaliações de NAS em 338 pacientes. A média de pontuação do NAS foi de 74±20,9% para o total de pacientes. Não houve diferença entre a média do Período 1 (74,1±20,8%) e a média do Período 2 (73,9±21%) (p= 0,806). O Período 2 teve mais avaliações na categoria de NAS <50% e menos avaliações na categoria de NAS 50,1-100% em relação ao Período 1 (p<0,001 e p= 0,029, respectivamente). Conclusão: A pontuação média do NAS é semelhante quando comparada a aferição realizada três vezes ao dia com a realizada uma vez ao dia considerando as 24 horas anteriores para avaliação de carga de trabalho de enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la carga de trabajo obtenida a partir del Nursing Activities Score (NAS) con valoración tres veces por día, al final de cada turno de trabajo, y con valoración una vez por día considerando las 24 horas. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo, realizado con adultos internados en un Centro de Terapia Intensiva de un hospital público de alta complejidad en el sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos fue realizada a través del sistema Epimed Monitor®. En el primer período del estudio (Período 1), la valoración promedio del NAS fue obtenida a partir de tres evaluaciones diarias y en el segundo período (Período 2), el NAS fue valorado una vez por día. La comparación de las variables fue verificada a través de las pruebas t-Student y Mann Whitney U. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de Investigación de la institución de origen. Resultados: Durante el estudio se realizaron 1738 evaluaciones de NAS en 338 pacientes. El promedio de valoración del NAS fue 74±20,9% para el total de pacientes. No hubo diferencia entre el promedio del Período 1 (74,1±20,8%) y el promedio del Período 2 (73,9±21%) (p= 0,806). El Período 2 tuvo más evaluaciones en la categoría de NAS <50% y menos en la categoría de NAS 50,1-100% con relación al Período 1 (p<0,001 y p= 0,029, respectivamente). Conclusión: La valoración promedio del NAS es semejante cuando se compara la evaluación realizada tres veces por día con la realizada una vez al día considerando las 24 horas anteriores para analizar la carga de trabajo de enfermería.

Abstract Objective: To compare the workload obtained from the Nursing Activities Score (NAS), rated three times a day, at the end of each work shift, and scored once per day for a 24-hour period. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study with adults hospitalized at an intensive care center, from a highly complex public hospital in southern Brazil. The data collection was conducted using the Epimed Monitor®. In the first period of the study (Period 1), the mean NAS score was obtained using three daily evaluations, and in the second period (Period 2) the NAS was scored once per day. The comparison of the variables was verified using the Mann Whitney and student t-test. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: During the study, 1738 NAS evaluations were performed on 338 patients. The mean NAS score was 74±20.9% for the total number of patients. There was no difference between the mean of Period 1 (74.1±20.8%) and the mean of Period 2 (73.9 ± 21%) (p=0.806). Period 2 had more evaluations in the NAS category ≤50% and fewer evaluations in the NAS category 50.1-100%, as compared to Period 1 (p<0.001 and p=0.029, respectively). Conclusion: The mean NAS score was similar when comparing assessments conducted three-times-per-day with the one performed once a day, assessing the nursing workload based on the previous 24 hours.

Fatores de risco para úlceras de pressão em idosos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Objetivos: identificar o risco para úlceras de pressão (UP) em idosos de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI); comparar o risco de UP com as variáveis sexo, faixa etária e especialidade; comparar o risco de UP entre idosos, adultos jovens e médios. Método: estudo exploratório, analítico e retrospectivo realizado em uma UTI com amostra de 216 pacientes. Resultados: o risco de UP nas duas avaliações manteve-se elevado. Não houve diferença de risco de UP entre os pacientes idosos e os adultos jovens e médios. Conclusão: a avaliação do risco de UP é imprescindível para a qualidade da assistência em UTI...

Objectives: To identify risk of pressure ulcers (PU) on elderly in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), to compare the risk of PU with gender, age and specialty and to compare the risk of PU in the elderly, young and middle adults. Method: exploratory, analytical and retrospective in ICU with a sample of 216 patients. Results: the risk for PU in the two ratings remained high. There was no difference in risk for PU among the elderly and young and middle adults. Conclusion: the assessment of risk for PU is essential to the quality of ICU care...

Objetivos: identificar el riesgo para las úlceras por presión (UPP) en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), para comparar el riesgo de la UPP con el sexo, la edad y la especialidad y para comparar el riesgo entre los adultos mayores, jóvenes y la mediana edad. Método: exploración, análisis y retrospectiva en la UTI con una muestra de 216 pacientes. Resultados: el riesgo de UPP en las dos clasificaciones se mantuvieron altos. No hubo diferencias en el riesgo de la UPP entre los adultos mayores y jóvenes y de mediana edad. Conclusión: la evaluación del riesgo de la UPP es esencial para la calidad de la atención en la UCI...