Room temperature storage of myrtle (Eugenia gracillima Kiaersk.) tropical juice: Effects of physical and chemical preservation methods.

Tropical fruit juices produced from native fruits have been widely marketed by small agribusinesses in the Brazilian semiarid region, necessitating a deeper understanding of the impact of preservation methods on quality parameters. This study aimed to prepare myrtle (Eugenia gracillima Kiaersk.) tropical juice and investigate the effects of physical preservation (90 °C for 60 s) and chemical preservation (potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate) methods. Tropical juice formulations were evaluated after preparation and every 15 days during 60 days of storage in high-density polyethylene bottles at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C). Microbiological parameters, optical microscopy, physicochemical and bioactive parameters, antioxidant capacity, and color parameters were determined. Heat-treated tropical juice showed low counts of all microbiological parameters, but optical microscopy revealed the presence of filamentous fungi after 60 days of storage. Combined use of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate effectively prevented the development of total yeasts and molds up to 28 days of storage. Bioactive compounds in myrtle pulp contribute to storage stability, mainly total phenolics, estimated at 855.86 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g-1. The results suggest that it is possible to harness the economic and agroindustrial potential of E. gracillima Kiaersk. fruits for the production of tropical juices, but it is recommended that other technologies be explored, such as aseptic processing or the combined use of physical and chemical methods.

Translation and validation of the addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale from English to Portuguese in Brazil.

Eating addiction is an important condition related to obesity. The Addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale (AEBS) was recently validated in English to evaluate addictive eating behaviors. To perform the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the AEBS scale to Portuguese to identify eating addictions in the Brazilian population. The AEBS translation, adaptation, and validation followed previously published criteria, including the steps of translation, back translation, evaluation by a committee of judges, and a pretest with 40 students. Subsequently, 150 students from the Medical School at the Recife Campus of the Federal University of Pernambuco were tested using the AEBS-Portuguese version (AEBS-p). Of these, 37 were evaluated a second time for a test-retest analysis. For data collection, 5 instruments were used: the AEBS-p, a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0)-Portuguese version, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Binge Eating Scale (BES), and the Socio-demographic Questionnaire. The AEBS-p showed good reliability, based on a significant internal consistency value (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91), and good correlation in the test-retest evaluation. A committee of judges considered the content validity appropriate. Convergent validation was positive with the mYFAS 2.0 and BES (p < 0.001). The AEBS-p showed a significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and significantly predicted variance in BMI that was accounted for by both the mYFAS 2.0 and BES (p = 0.022). The AEBS-p demonstrated good reliability and validity for evaluating addictive eating behaviors in the Brazilian population.

Bowel obstruction in entero-colic fistula associated with magnet ingestion in children at the Amazonas countryside.

Ingestion of small objects by children became worrisome as the number of cases increased over the years. Consequences such as intestinal obstruction or even infection of the gastrointestinal tract are becoming more frequent since even in majority cases there is having only an expectant conduct, complications can occur. Also, the combination of two elements such as punctiform metallic materials and imams cause fistula formation in loops with greater ease, granulomas in the intestines, perforation, and can progress to peritonitis or abscesses, as well as having considerable morbidity.

Performance in 200 m front crawl: coordination index, propulsive time and stroke parameters / Desempenho em 200 m nado crawl: índice de coordenação, tempo propulsivo e cinemática de nado

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare coordination index, propulsive time, duration of stroke phases and kinematic parameters over 200 m front crawl. Variables were compared among four sections of 50 m (T1 to T4) in fifteen competitive swimmers (age: 21.1 ± 7.1 years; height: 180.1 ± 6.1 cm; height: 187.3 ± 8, 1 cm; body mass: 72.1 ± 10.1 kg; better performance in the race: 77.5 ± 4.7% of the world record). Data were obtained with two video cameras (60 Hz - coupled to a cart on rails on the side of the pool) for simultaneous images of the swimmer’s sagittal plan: below the water line and above the water line. Mean stroke rate stroke length, assumed as the mean distance traveled per cycle, and mean swimming speed were obtained with manual timing. Over the 200 m, the coordination index remained unchanged (p >0.05), but there was an increase in the frequency of cycles (p <0.05) and reduction of distance traveled per cycle (p <0.05). Between T1 and T2, there was an increase in the propulsive time (p <0.05) and between T1 and T4, there was an increase in the length of the pull phase (p <0.05). The swimming speed decreased only between T1 and T2 (p <0.05). Over 200 m front crawl, well-trained swimmers increment propulsive time and pull phase duration and frequency of stroke cycles, and such changes may be due to the speed maintenance attempt over the 200 m.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar índice de coordenação, tempo propulsivo, duração das fases da braçada e parâmetros cinemáticos ao longo de 200 m nado crawl. Variáveis foram comparadas entre os quatro trechos de 50 m (T1 a T4) em quinze nadadores competitivos (idade: 21,1 ± 7,1 anos; estatura: 180,1 ± 6,1 cm; envergadura: 187,3 ± 8,1 cm; massa corporal: 72,1 ± 10,1 kg; melhor desempenho na prova: 77,5 ± 4,7% do recorde mundial). Obtiveram-se os dados com duas câmeras de vídeo (60 Hz - acopladas a um carrinho sobre trilhos na lateral da piscina), para imagens simultâneas do plano sagital do nadador: abaixo da linha da água e acima da linha da água. Frequência média de ciclos, comprimento de braçada (assumida como a distância média percorrida pelo corpo a cada ciclo) e velocidade média de nado foram obtidos com cronometragem manual. Ao longo dos 200 m, o índice de coordenação não se alterou (p > 0,05), mas houve incremento da frequência de ciclos (p < 0,05) e redução da distância percorrida por ciclo (p < 0,05). Entre T1 e T2, houve incremento do tempo propulsivo (p < 0,05) e entre T1 e T4, da duração da fase de puxada (p < 0,05). Velocidade de nado diminuiu apenas entre T1 e T2 (p < 0,05). Ao longo de 200 m nado crawl, nadadores bem treinados incrementam tempo propulsivo, duração da fase de puxada e frequência de ciclos de braçadas, tais mudanças podem ser devidas à tentativa de manutenção da velocidade ao longo dos 200 m.

Tr-1-like CD4+CD25-CD127-/lowFOXP3- cells are the main source of interleukin 10 in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis.

CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells have long been shown to mediate susceptibility to Leishmania infection, mainly via interleukin 10 production. In this work, we showed that the main sources of interleukin 10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis are CD4(+)CD25(-)CD127(-/low)FOXP3(-) cells. Compared with uninfected controls, patients with CL had increased frequencies of circulating interleukin 10-producing CD4(+)CD25(-)CD127(-/low) cells, which efficiently suppressed tumor necrosis factor α production by the total PBMC population. Also, in CL lesions, interleukin 10 was mainly produced by CD4(+)CD25(-) cells, and interleukin 10 messenger RNA expression was associated with interleukin 27, interleukin 21, and interferon γ expression, rather than with FOXP3 or transforming growth factor ß expressions. Active production of both interleukin 27 and interleukin 21, together with production of interferon γ and interleukin 10, was also detected in the lesions. Since these cytokines are associated with the differentiation and activity of Tr-1 cells, our results suggest that this cell population may play an important role in the immunomodulation of CL. Therefore, development of treatments that interfere with this pathway may lead to faster parasite elimination.