ABSTRACT
To test the three main hypotheses of the human amnesic syndrome (encoding, consolidation, retrieval), we designed an original protocol for memory assessment under Amytal that included, in addition to a retrograde memory measure, both short-term and long-term anterograde memory measures. Twenty epileptic patients with SEEG-confirmed unilateral temporal lobe foci were given right and left injections on successive days. Only the long-term memory measure for material presented under Amytal was significantly related to the presence of a temporal contralateral epileptogenic focus, even if it was assessed when the hemisphere had completely recovered from the effect of Amytal. Short-term memory deficits were observed equally often after injections ipsilateral and contralateral to the epileptogenic focus, and no retrograde amnesia was observed. These results are consistent with the consolidation hypothesis.
Subject(s)
Amobarbital/pharmacology , Brain/drug effects , Memory, Short-Term/drug effects , Retention, Psychology/drug effects , Adolescent , Adult , Amnesia, Retrograde/psychology , Aphasia/psychology , Carotid Arteries , Dominance, Cerebral/drug effects , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/psychology , Female , Hippocampus/drug effects , Humans , Injections, Intra-Arterial , Male , Mammillary Bodies/drug effects , Memory , Neuropsychological Tests , Pattern Recognition, Visual/drug effects , Temporal Lobe/drug effects , Thalamic Nuclei/drug effects , Touch/drug effectsABSTRACT
A battery of neurological tests was administered to normal and colliculectomized monkeys to determine the effect of the lesion on visually guided behavior, acoustically guided behavior, general locomotor performance and affective behavior. The tests were given at one week and three months post-operatively. The behaviors of the animals were filmed and the results were derived from a careful analysis of the films. The operated monkeys showed important deficits on most tests. After three months a considerable improvement was noted in many functions. However, some behaviors were still totally or partially abnormal. An attempt is made to relate the completeness of the collicular resection and the duration of some of these symptoms.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/physiology , Superior Colliculi/physiology , Visual Perception/physiology , Animals , Brain Mapping , Emotions/physiology , Eye Movements , Female , Haplorhini , Macaca mulatta , Male , Motor Activity/physiology , Reflex, PupillarySubject(s)
Superior Colliculi/physiology , Visual Perception/physiology , Animals , Brain Mapping , Color Perception/physiology , Dark Adaptation , Eye Movements , Female , Haplorhini , Light , Macaca mulatta , Male , Photic Stimulation , SaccadesABSTRACT
Photopic and scotopic spectral sensitivity of rhesus monkeys was determined before and after complete removal of the striate cortex. The monkeys were required to choose between a white and a series of monochromatic stimuli distributed throughout the visible spectrum. A modified method of limits was used to determine the psychophysical point of subjective equality at which the colored and white lights were perceived as being equally bright. The preoperative results indicated that the method of testing was appropriate to determine spectral sensitivity since the curves obtained compared favorably to the theoretical sensitivity curves. Postoperatively, the scotopic sensitivity curve was normal whereas the photopic curve was completely displaced towards the scotopic curve. The results as indicating that cone information is processed by the geniculo-striate visual system whereas the extra-striate structures receive their input mainly from the rod receptors of the retina.
Subject(s)
Corpus Striatum/physiology , Photoreceptor Cells/physiology , Adult , Animals , Color Perception , Female , Geniculate Bodies/physiology , Haplorhini , Humans , Light , Macaca mulatta , MaleABSTRACT
The photopic spectral sensitivity of one female Cebus Griseus was determined to complement published results showing that this monkey did not demonstrate the red deficiency typical of most New World monkeys. A modified method of limits was used to determine S's perceived brightness of different monochromatic stimuli. The results suggest that this monkey might be a normal trichromat.
