ABSTRACT
Development is a well-defined stage-to-stage process that allows the coordination and maintenance of the structure and function of cells and their progenitors, in a complete organism embedded in an environment that, in turn, will shape cellular responses to external stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms comprise a group of process that regulate genetic expression without changing the DNA sequence, and they contribute to the necessary plasticity of individuals to face a constantly changing medium. These mechanisms act in conjunction with genetic pools and their correct interactions will be crucial to zygote formation, embryo development, and brain tissue organization. In this work, we will summarize the main findings related to DNA methylation and histone modifications in embryonic stem cells and throughout early development phases. Furthermore, we will critically outline some key observations on how epigenetic mechanisms influence the rest of the developmental process and how long its footprint is extended from fecundation to adulthood.
Subject(s)
Brain/embryology , Brain/physiology , Embryonic Development/genetics , Epigenesis, Genetic , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Neurogenesis/genetics , Animals , DNA Methylation , Environmental Exposure , Histones/metabolism , Humans , Models, Animal , RNA, Untranslated/metabolism , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
Provincia de Misiones posee actualmente una actividad forestal en pujante crecimiento ubicóndose entre las primeras del pais. Este marco de desarrollo productivo permite predecir un ámbito de crecimiento favorecido por las nuevas condiciones del mercado internacional. Por otro lado a pesar del avance de la tecnologia industrial, no se ha alcanzado el nivel de desarrollo biotecnológico óptimo que conjugue la calidad genética con características fenotópicas de excelencia en las especies maderables de mayor demanda en la Provincia basó¡ndose la selección en criterios netamente fenotópicos y en la experiencia del productor, sin contarse con métodos moleculares desarrollados en la región. Este trabajo presenta los resultados del Proyecto Federal de Innovacíon Productiva (PFIP Mi09) cuyo objetivo principal fue estandarizar y transferir al sector productivo un conjunto de marcadores moleculares microsalites para ser aplicado al análisis de poblaciones y forestaciones de Araucaria angustifolia y Pinus taeda provenientes de la Provincia de Misiones (Argentina). Esto permitirá conocer el perfil genético de plantaciones y poblaciones de estas especies forestales, pudiendo aplicarse a la certificación de calidad en la producción forestal o a la selección de ejemplares de especies nativas.
Misiones Province currently has the first intensive forestry activity of Argentine. This framework of productive development allows predict an area of growth favored by the new conditions of the international market. On the other side despite the progress of industrial technology, has not been reached the optimal level of biotechnological development that combining quality with genomic and phenotypic characteristics of forest species. This work presents the results of Federal Project of Productive Innovation (PFIP Mi09) whose main objective was standardize and transfer to the productive sector a set of microsatellites molecular markers to be applied to the populations analysis of Araucaria angustifolia and Pinus taeda forestation from the Misiones (Argentine). This will reveal the plantations and forest genetic profile and may be applied to genetic certification of forest production quality.
Subject(s)
Argentina , Forestry , Models, Molecular , Pinus taeda , Industry , Livestock Industry , Lumber Industry , Models, Molecular , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
Prostate proliferation is dependent of androgens and many peptide hormones. Recent reports suggest that SSTR2 and SHP-1 were two fundamental components on antiproliferative effect of somatostatin. Many studies on SHP-1 revealed that the expression of this protein was diminished or abolished in several of the cancer cell lines and tissues examined. However, it is necessary to confront the cell lines data with real situation in cancer cases. Our studies have shown that epithelial expressions of both proteins, SHP-1 and SSTR2, in normal and benign hyperplasia are localized in the luminal side of duct and acinar cells. Also, SSTR2 is expressed in stromal cells. In malignant prostate tissue, SHP-1 was diminished in 28/45 cases or absent in 12/45 cases, whereas SSTR2 epithelial was diminished in 38/45 cases or lost in only 2/45 cases. The intensity of immunostained was highly negative correlated with Gleason grade for two proteins.
ABSTRACT
Durante las últimas décadas el gran avance científico y tecnológico llevó a la investigación biológica a las puertas de la era postgenómica. La disponibilidad de información crucial para el desarrollo de nuevos proyectos ha provocado un cambio de paradigma en la investigación biológica demandándole profesionales que cuenten con formación en Bioinformática. En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de la incorporación de un trabajo práctico autoguiado para introducir a alumnos que estudien Bioquímica al uso de recursos bioinformáticos aplicándolos a un ejemplo concreto. Las actividades consisten en la realización de un análisis genómico, transcriptómico y proteómico de un gen con implicaciones biomédicas. Además se plantea como aplicación tecnológica el diseño de cebadores específicos para la amplificación de un fragmento del gen. Como último punto se propone analizar la función biológica mediante el programa de visualización molecular RasMol versión 2.7.2 (por Herbert Bernstein 1998-2000). La metodología incluye grupos de 3-4 alumnos que cursan Biología Celular y Molecular de la Carrera de Bioquímica de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones, solicitándoseles respuestas concretas que se obtienen a través del análisis bioinformático. Los resultados de la aplicación del trabajo práctico autoguiado demuestran que el 100% de los alumnos fueron capaces de responder las consignas. Sin embargo se necesita mayor manejo de programas de visualización molecular para futuras aplicaciones (AU)
The great scientific and technological advances of recent decades have brought biological investigation into the postgenomic age. The ready availability of crucial information for the development of new projects has caused a paradigm shift in biological investigation, in which a solid training in bioinformatics is now a basic requirement. This study presents the results of the incorporation of a self-guided practical program to introduce students of clinical biochemistry to the use of bioinformatic resources. The activities comprised genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of a gene with biomedical implications. The design of specific primers for the amplification of a fragment of the gene was proposed as a technological application. The RasMol program, version 2.7.2 ( by Herbert Bernstein 1998-2000) was used to analyses biological functions. In groups of three or four, students studying cellular and molecular biology as part of their degree in biochemistry at the National University of Misiones were asked to provide concrete answers to questions using bioinformatic analysis. The results showed that 100% of the students were able to answer all the questions. However, a wider-ranging treatment of molecular visualization programs is needed for future applications (AU)
