ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emergent human respiratory pathogen. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) to detect hMPV in a clinical laboratory setting. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples (448) of children and adults with respiratory illness were used to detect hMPV by using DIF and real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. RESULTS: In all, 36 (8%) samples were positive by DIF and 94 (21%) were positive by qRT-PCR. Direct immunofluorescence specificity was 99% and sensitivity was 38%. CONCLUSIONS: DIF is not very sensitive under clinical laboratory settings.
Subject(s)
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , Metapneumovirus/isolation & purification , Paramyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Adult , Child , Humans , Metapneumovirus/genetics , Metapneumovirus/immunology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The neuraminidase (NA) genes of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus isolates from 306 infected patients were analysed. The circulation of oseltamivir-resistant viruses in Brazil has not been reported previously. Clinical samples were collected in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) from 2009-2011 and two NA inhibitor-resistant mutants were identified, one in 2009 (H275Y) and the other in 2011 (S247N). This study revealed a low prevalence of resistant viruses (0.8%) with no spread of the resistant mutants throughout RS.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects , Mutation , Neuraminidase/genetics , Oseltamivir/pharmacology , Brazil , Humans , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/enzymology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , RNA, Viral/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The neuraminidase (NA) genes of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus isolates from 306 infected patients were analysed. The circulation of oseltamivir-resistant viruses in Brazil has not been reported previously. Clinical samples were collected in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) from 2009-2011 and two NA inhibitor-resistant mutants were identified, one in 2009 (H275Y) and the other in 2011 (S247N). This study revealed a low prevalence of resistant viruses (0.8%) with no spread of the resistant mutants throughout RS.
