ABSTRACT
Introdução: a vacinação é uma importante estratégia de controle e erradicação de doenças imunopreveníveis e os profissionais de saúde têm um importante papel na prevenção dessas doenças. Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre o acolhimento da família durante a imunização pela equipe de enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde brasileira. Metodologia: estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, com a seguinte questão norteadora: como é realizado o acolhimento da família pelos profissionais de enfermagem na sala de imunização na APS do Brasil? Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados: BVS, BDENF, LILACS e MEDLINE no período de janeiro a julho de 2021. Resultados: foram encontrados n=339 estudos, onde nove artigos foram selecionados para compor a revisão. Os estudos descritivos com abordagem qualitativa foram predominantes, entre 2008 a 2017. Observa-se a ausência do acolhimento às famílias nas salas de vacinação, permeada por ausência de acessibilidade e a não realização de educação em saúde nesses ambientes. Considerações finais: o acolhimento das famílias durante a vacinação infantil na Atenção Primária à Saúde não foi considerado prioritário dentro dos estudos analisados, assim, é urgente ações que preconizem um olhar voltado para o acolhimento das famílias durante a vacinação, de modo que essa diretriz se faça presente nas salas de vacinas, assim como a educação em saúde seja implementada nesses ambientes.
Introduction: Vaccination is an important strategy for the control and eradication of vaccine-preventable diseases and health professionals have an important role in the prevention of these diseases. Objective: to analyze the scientific production on the reception of the family during immunization by the nursing team in Brazilian Primary Health Care. Methodology: an integrative literature review study, with the following guiding question: how is the reception of the family performed by nursing professionals in the immunization room in PHC in Brazil? Searches were carried out in the following databases: BVS, BDENF, LILACS and MEDLINE from January to July 2021. Results: n=339 studies were found, where nine articles were selected to compose the review. Descriptive studies with a qualitative approach were predominant, between 2008 and 2017. It is observed the absence of welcoming families in the vaccination rooms, permeated by the lack of accessibility and the lack of health education in these environments. Final considerations: the reception of families during childhood vaccination in Primary Health Care was not considered a priority within the analyzed studies, thus, actions that advocate a focus on welcoming families during vaccination are urgent, so that this guideline becomes be present in vaccine rooms, as well as health education is implemented in these environments
ABSTRACT
Monoclonal antibodies undergo various forms of chemical transformation which have been shown to cause loss in efficacy and alteration in pharmacokinetic properties of these molecules. Such modified antibody molecules are known as variants. They also display physical properties such as charge that are different from intact antibody molecules. However, the difference in charge is very subtle and separation based on it is quite challenging. Charge variants are usually separated using ion-exchange column chromatography or isoelectric focusing. In this paper, we report a rapid and scalable method for fractionating monoclonal antibody charge variants, based on the use of cation exchange laterally-fed membrane chromatography (LFMC). Starting with a sample of monoclonal antibody hIgG1-CD4, three well-resolved fractions were obtained using either pH or salt gradient. These fractions were identified as acidic, neutral and basic variants. Each of these fractions contained intact heavy and light chains and so antibody fragmentation had no role in variant generation. The separation was comparable to that using column chromatography but was an order of magnitude faster.
