ABSTRACT
Caulacanthus okamurae is an invasive red alga that forms extensive mats in sheltered marine habitats around the world. To determine its genomic structure and genetic relationship to native and other non-native populations of C. okamurae, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on an introduced specimen from Bennett Slough, Moss Landing, California, USA. Assembly of 23,146,595 filtered 150 bp paired-end Illumina sequencing reads yielded its complete mitogenome (GenBank accession MT193839) and plastid genome (GenBank accession MT193838). The mitogenome is 25,995 bp in length and contains 50 genes. The plastid genome is 173,516 bp and contains 234 genes. Comparison of the organellar chromosomes to other Gigartinales revealed a high-level of gene synteny. BLAST analysis of marker sequences (rbcL, cox1, cox2) of C. okamurae from Moss Landing identified four identical DNA sequences: one from a specimen from a native population of C. okamurae from South Korea and three from specimens representing invasive populations from France, Spain, and the USA. These genetic results confirm the presence of C. okamurae in central California, USA, and represent the first complete mitogenome and plastid genome from the Caulacanthaceae.
ABSTRACT
Este estudio examinó las relaciones entre el clima motivacional, generado en las sesiones de entrenamiento, la orientación de meta, la motivación intrínseca, la auto-confianza, la ansiedad y el estado de ánimo en jóvenes deportistas antes y después de una competición. La muestra estuvo formada por 96 deportistas cadetes (48 mujeres y 48 varones), de catorce Clubes de Atletismo, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 16 años. Los resultados mostraron que el clima de maestría fue asociado positivamente a la orientación a la tarea, la motivación intrínseca en las sesiones preparatorias, la auto-confianza y el estado de ánimo pre-competitivo. El clima de ejecución se asoció positivamente a la orientación al ego y a la ansiedad somática y cognitiva, y negativamente a la motivación intrínseca, la auto-confianza y el estado de ánimo pre y post-competitivo (AU)
This paper presents the results of a research aimed to discover the relationship between the motivational climate generated during the training sessions and the goal orientation, intrinsic motivation, self-confidence, anxiety level, mood states in young sport players before and after the competition. The sample consisted of 96 sport players (48 females and 48 males) belonging to fourteen athletics clubs. The age range was 14 to 16. Results show that the mastery climate is positively associated to goal orientation, to intrinsic motivation during the training sessions, to self-confidence and to the pre-competition mood state. Whereas the task climate was positively associated to ego-orientation and to somatic and cognitive anxiety. Task climate was negatively associated to intrinsic motivation, to self-confidence and to pre and post competition mood state (AU)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Male , Humans , Motivation , Goals , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/psychology , Physical Education and Training/methods , Physical Education and Training/standards , Physical Education and Training/organization & administration , Sports/physiology , Sports/education , Sports/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Perception/physiology , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Analysis of Variance , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/psychology , Fatigue/diagnosis , Fatigue/psychology , Teaching/methods , Learning/physiologyABSTRACT
Un número considerable de caballos, burros y mulas que presentan contracción del tendón flexor profundo son enviados al rastro para sacrificio pues sus dueños piensan que es un problemas incurable. Su origen puede ser congénito o adquirido. En la Clínica Ambulatoria para équidos International Donkey Protection Trust (IDPT), International League for the Protection of Horses (ILPH) y la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), se han tratado 26 casos por medio de herrajes ortopédicos, obteniéndose buenos resultados
