A Longitudinal, Observational, and Descriptive Study About Benefits of Craniosacral Therapy in Child Neurodevelopment.

INTRODUCTION: Coordination and balance are progressive motor skills that guide physical therapists in recognizing abnormal patterns during childish neurodevelopment. We aim to compare the efficacy of craniosacral therapy (CST) together with balance and coordination therapy (BCT) vs traditional BCT during neurodevelopment. METHODS: Longitudinal, observational, and descriptive study with 111 apparently healthy children divided into 4 groups: craniosacral-balance and coordination therapy placebo (CS-BCTp), craniosacral-balance and coordination therapy (CS-BCT), balance and coordination therapy placebo (BCTp), and balance and coordination therapy (BCT). RESULTS: Significant changes have been observed with the CS-BCT from the fourth session. Balance and coordination therapy is less effective. There are differences in the Battelle Scale at the beginning and after the 7 therapy sessions in the CS-BCT group. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that CST together with balance and coordination exercises can be a more effective and faster treatment to improve these motor skills, correcting and improving alterations during child neurodevelopment.

Prevalence of Active Primitive Reflexes and Craniosacral Blocks in Apparently Healthy Children and Relationships with Neurodevelopment Disturbances.

BACKGROUND: In healthy children, the frequency of the anomalous persistence of primitive reflexes (PRs) and craniosacral blocks (CBs) is unknown, as well as their impact on neurodevelopment, behaviour disorders and related consequences. We aim to know the prevalence of anomalous PRs and CBs in apparently healthy children and their relationships with behavior and neurodevelopment anomalies. METHODS: Participants (n = 120) were evaluated via a physical examination to detect PRs and CBs and an ad hoc parent survey to collect perinatal events, and children's behavioral assessments were conducted by teachers using the Battelle score. RESULTS: PRs were present in 89.5%. Moro (70.8%), cervical asymmetric (78.3%) and cervical symmetric PRs (67.5%) were the most frequently observed PRs. CBs were found in 83.2%, and the most frequent CBs were dura mater (77.5%) and sphenoid bone (70%) blocks. Moro, cervical asymmetric and cervical symmetric active primitive reflexes were significantly associated with cranial blocks of dura mater, parietal zones and sphenoid bone sway. Gestational disorders or perinatal complications were associated with a higher frequency of PRs and CBs. The presence of PRs and CBs was associated with abnormal Battelle scores and neurobehavioral problems. CONCLUSION: The presence of PRs and CBs in children without diagnosed diseases is frequent and related to disturbances in childhood neurodevelopment.

Manejo del duelo en familiares de pacientes oncopediátricos / Management of grief in family members of oncopediatric patients

Introducción: La recuperación del dolor de una familia por la muerte de un niño obedece a la forma en la que se cuida la etapa final de su vida, y es especialmente en esta etapa, donde Enfermería juega un papel fundamental en el apoyo a la familia que enfrenta la enfermedad crítica y la muerte de un hijo.Objetivos: Revisar la literatura científica existente sobre el manejo del duelo en familiares de pacientes oncopediátricos.Metodología: Revisión integradora exhaustiva en las bases de datos Pudmed, Scopus, Scielo y Cochrane. Fueron empleados los términos “oncology pediatric”, “family”, “grief” y “nursing”, unidos por el operador boleano “AND”.Resultados: Se han identificado las experiencias emocionales que siente la familia del paciente oncohematológico pediátrico y las habilidades en la práctica enfermera que protegen el cuidado emocional de la misma. Por su relevancia en este ámbito, cabe destacar la relación terapéutica entre la familia, el niño, y el equipo sanitario, y el poder de la habilidad comunicativa en la etapa final de la vida y la muerte.Conclusiones: El cuidado de la integridad emocional y del curso natural del duelo es vital dentro del plan de cuidados del niño y su familia. Subrayar la magnitud que tendría el entrenamiento de Enfermería en habilidades emocionales, comunicativas y psico-conductuales dentro de la atención integral del niño y su familia. (AU)

Introduction: Recovery from the pain of a family due to the death of a child is due to the way in which the final stage of life is cared for, and it is especially at this stage where Nursing plays a fundamental role in supporting the family facing critical illness and the death of a child.Objectives: To review the existing scientific literature on the management of grief in relatives of oncopediatric patients.Methodology: Comprehensive integrative review in the Pudmed, Scopus, Scielo and Cochrane databases. The terms «pediatric oncology», «family», «mourning» and «nursing» were used, joined by the Boolean operator «Y».Results: The emotional experiences felt by the family of the pediatric oncohematological patient and the skills in nursing practice that protect the emotional care of the same have been identified. Due to its relevance in this area, it is worth highlighting the therapeutic relationship between the family, the child, and the healthcare team, and the power of communication skills in the final stage of life and death.Conclusions: Caring for the emotional integrity and the natural course of grief is vital in the care plan for the child and his family. Emphasize the magnitude that should be the nursing training in emotional, communication and psycho-behavioral skills for the comprehensive care of the child and his family. (AU)

Lack of Effective Surgical Team Communication During a Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, Leading to a Severe Intraoperative Complication.

Introduction: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgical technique systematization makes it a very safe technique that it is not exempt from intraoperative complications. One of the key aspects for performing a safe procedure is combining technical expertise with nontechnical skills, such as communication and teamwork. Materials and Methods: We describe a case that highlights the importance of surgical team interaction to avoid intraoperative complications during bariatric surgery, as an incidental stapling of the nasogastric tube. Results: This clinical case highlights the importance of effective teamwork and a culture of safety during complex laparoscopic surgical procedures. Conclusions: The lack of effective surgical team communication during a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can be a cause of severe surgical complications that requires experience of the surgical team for its resolution.

A case report: Acute abdominal pain caused by a mesenteric cyst in a 20 years old female patient.

Mesenteric cysts are documented as rare intra-abdominal benign tumors, whose etiology and classification controversy still exists. They are considered the rarest variety between the abdominal cysts and both its low incidence and the mistaken belief that was a trivial process without apparent symptoms, had contributed to their scarce knowledge. This study aimed to present a mesenteric cyst case with focal acute inflammation and four lymph nodes with follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. The study was performed 20-year-old female patient, examined in emergency department for abdominal pain 12 hours of evolution located in flank and left upper quadrant, with mild improvement after analgesic treatment, accompanied with mild fever. The patient presented left paramedian cystic formation measuring 4 cm in size with echogenic content inside. Exploratory laparoscopy treatment of emergency was proposed. The postoperative course was favourable remaining afebrile, no abdominal pain and good tolerance to oral intake, so it was hospital discharged within 72 hours of surgery. The diagnosis was mesenteric cyst with focal acute inflammation and four lymph nodes with follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. In conclusion, the type of surgery depended on the size of the cyst, its location in the peritoneal cavity and the experience of the surgeon. Laparoscopy technique was used as a first option.

Defective lysosomal proteolysis and axonal transport are early pathogenic events that worsen with age leading to increased APP metabolism and synaptic Abeta in transgenic APP/PS1 hippocampus.

BACKGROUND: Axonal pathology might constitute one of the earliest manifestations of Alzheimer disease. Axonal dystrophies were observed in Alzheimer's patients and transgenic models at early ages. These axonal dystrophies could reflect the disruption of axonal transport and the accumulation of multiple vesicles at local points. It has been also proposed that dystrophies might interfere with normal intracellular proteolysis. In this work, we have investigated the progression of the hippocampal pathology and the possible implication in Abeta production in young (6 months) and aged (18 months) PS1(M146L)/APP(751sl) transgenic mice. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated the existence of a progressive, age-dependent, formation of axonal dystrophies, mainly located in contact with congophilic Abeta deposition, which exhibited tau and neurofilament hyperphosphorylation. This progressive pathology was paralleled with decreased expression of the motor proteins kinesin and dynein. Furthermore, we also observed an early decrease in the activity of cathepsins B and D, progressing to a deep inhibition of these lysosomal proteases at late ages. This lysosomal impairment could be responsible for the accumulation of LC3-II and ubiquitinated proteins within axonal dystrophies. We have also investigated the repercussion of these deficiencies on the APP metabolism. Our data demonstrated the existence of an increase in the amyloidogenic pathway, which was reflected by the accumulation of hAPPfl, C99 fragment, intracellular Abeta in parallel with an increase in BACE and gamma-secretase activities. In vitro experiments, using APPswe transfected N2a cells, demonstrated that any imbalance on the proteolytic systems reproduced the in vivo alterations in APP metabolism. Finally, our data also demonstrated that Abeta peptides were preferentially accumulated in isolated synaptosomes. CONCLUSION: A progressive age-dependent cytoskeletal pathology along with a reduction of lysosomal and, in minor extent, proteasomal activity could be directly implicated in the progressive accumulation of APP derived fragments (and Abeta peptides) in parallel with the increase of BACE-1 and gamma-secretase activities. This retard in the APP metabolism seemed to be directly implicated in the synaptic Abeta accumulation and, in consequence, in the pathology progression between synaptically connected regions.

The primary cilium: A relevant characteristic in interstitial cells of rat duodenum enteric plexus.

Studies in vitro have permitted the identification of enteric neural progenitor cells. Now the question arises as to where these progenitor cells are located in vivo. The purpose of this paper is to identify possible candidate cells by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We have located three interstitial cellular types around the rat duodenum myenteric plexus. Type I cells have been identified as Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICCs). These cells present well defined ultrastructural characteristics, including the triple connexion IC- nervous trunk- blood vessels. Type II cells show characteristics of immature cells, emphasizing the presence of a single cilium with the structure (9+0). To analyse this nanostructure, we have elaborated a reconstruction on ultrathin sections. The two previously described cellular types could be considered to be different functional states of the same cell. Type III cells present ultrastructural characteristics of fibroblast-like cells. This study suggests that Type II cells could be a source of neural progenitor cells.

Hongos filamentosos y levaduras en uñas sanas / Filamentous fungi and yeasts in healthy nails

En las uñas las infecciones que se presentan con mayor frecuencia son las ocasionadas por los hongos. En la actualidad el número de especies fúngicas consideradas potencialemtne patógenas ha aumentado, por lo tanto, es interesante conocer la prevalencia de hongos filamentosos y levaduras en uñas sanas. El estudio se realizó en 72 estudiantes (64 mujeres y 8 varones) de la Escuela de Bioanálisis de la Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Se tomó muestra de las uñas de manos y pies y se utilizaron los medios de cultivo de Sabouraud y Sablac; se usó la metodología clásica para el estudio micológico. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que de 144 muestras analizadas 113 (78.5 por ciento) fueron positivas y 31 (21.5 por ciento) negativas. Se aislaron un total de 125 especies pertenecientes a 17 géneros. Dentro de las levaduras predominó el género Candida, seguido por Rhodotorula. Entre los hongos filamentosos, los géneros Aspergillus, Curvularia, Penicillum y Fusarium se aislaron con mayor frecuencia