ABSTRACT
Objetivo:conhecer o impacto das telas sobre a acuidade visual das crianças em idade de quatroa 12 anos, na perspectiva dos pais e responsáveis. Método:estudo quantitativo, descritivo, com 176 participantes. O convite ocorreu por mensagens enviadas nas redes sociais e a coleta através de um questionário online, entre fevereiro e abril de 2021. A análise ocorreu pelas frequências simples dos dados. Resultados: 50,57% tiveram o primeiro contato com as telas, antes de dois anos de idade. As queixas mais frequentes após uso de telas são: dores de cabeça, irritação visual, olhos ressecados e lacrimejando, visão turva e tonturas. 20,45% das crianças possuem dificuldades com de visão em grandes distâncias e 60,80% das crianças, já realizaram avaliação oftalmológica. Conclusão: há um crescente número de crianças expostas precocemente e durante prolongados períodos, aos aparelhos eletrônicos de forma demasiada.
Objective:to know the impact of screens on the visual acuity of children aged 4 to 12 years, from the perspective of parents and guardians. Method:quantitative, descriptive study with 176 participants. The invitation took place through messages sent on social networks and collection by an online questionnaire, between February and April 2021. The analysis was carried out by the simple frequency of the data. Results:50,57% had their first contact with screens, before the age of two. The most frequent complaints after using screens are: headaches, visual irritation, dry and watery eyes, blurred vision and dizziness. 20,45% of children have vision difficulties at great distances and 60,80% of the children have already undergone an ophthalmological evaluation. Conclusion:there is an increasing number of children exposed early and for prolonged periods to electronic devices too much.
Objetivo: conocer el impacto de las pantallas en la agudeza visual de niños de 4 a 12 años, desde la perspectiva de padres y tutores. Método:estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, con 176 participantes. La invitación se realizó a través de mensajes enviados en redes sociales y recogida mediante un cuestionario en línea, entre febrero y abril de 2021. El análisis se realizó por la frecuencia simple de los datos. Resultados:el 50,57% tuvo su primer contacto con las pantallas, antes de los dos años. Las quejas más frecuentestras el uso de pantallas son: dolores de cabeza, irritación visual, ojos secos y llorosos, visión borrosa y mareos. El 20,45% de los niños tienen dificultades de visión a grandes distancias y el 60,80% de los niños ya se han realizado una evaluación oftalmológica.Conclusión:hay un número creciente de niños expuestos demasiado tempranamente y durante periodos prolongados a los dispositivos electrónicos.
Subject(s)
Visual Acuity , Child Health , Eye Health , NursingABSTRACT
Anoikis is a programmed cell death induced upon cell detachment from extracellular matrix, behaving as a critical mechanism in preventing adherent-independent cell growth and attachment to an inappropriate matrix, thus avoiding colonization of distant organs. Cell adhesion plays an important role in neoplastic transformation. Tumors produce several molecules that facilitate their proliferation, invasion and maintenance, especially proteoglycans. The syndecan-4, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, can act as a co-receptor of growth factors and proteins of the extracellular matrix by increasing the affinity of adhesion molecules to their specific receptors. It participates together with integrins in cell adhesion at focal contacts connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Changes in the expression of syndecan-4 have been observed in tumor cells, indicating its involvement in cancer. This study investigates the role of syndecan-4 in the process of anoikis and cell transformation. Endothelial cells were submitted to sequential cycles of forced anchorage impediment and distinct lineages were obtained. Anoikis-resistant endothelial cells display morphological alterations, high rate of proliferation, poor adhesion to fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV and deregulation of the cell cycle, becoming less serum-dependent. Furthermore, anoikis-resistant cell lines display a high invasive potential and a low rate of apoptosis. This is accompanied by an increase in the levels of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate as well as by changes in the expression of syndecan-4 and heparanase. These results indicate that syndecan-4 plays a important role in acquisition of anoikis resistance and that the conferral of anoikis resistance may suffice to transform endothelial cells.
