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1.
Conserv Biol ; 34(3): 666-676, 2020 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31701577

ABSTRACT

The European Union's Natura 2000 (N2000) is among the largest international networks of protected areas. One of its aims is to secure the status of a predetermined set of (targeted) bird and butterfly species. However, nontarget species may also benefit from N2000. We evaluated how the terrestrial component of this network affects the abundance of nontargeted, more common bird and butterfly species based on data from long-term volunteer-based monitoring programs in 9602 sites for birds and 2001 sites for butterflies. In almost half of the 155 bird species assessed, and particularly among woodland specialists, abundance increased (slope estimates ranged from 0.101 [SD 0.042] to 3.51 [SD 1.30]) as the proportion of landscape covered by N2000 sites increased. This positive relationship existed for 27 of the 104 butterfly species (estimates ranged from 0.382 [SD 0.163] to 4.28 [SD 0.768]), although most butterflies were generalists. For most species, when land-cover covariates were accounted for these positive relationships were not evident, meaning land cover may be a determinant of positive effects of the N2000 network. The increase in abundance as N2000 coverage increased correlated with the specialization index for birds, but not for butterflies. Although the N2000 network supports high abundance of a large spectrum of species, the low number of specialist butterflies with a positive association with the N2000 network shows the need to improve the habitat quality of N2000 sites that could harbor open-land butterfly specialists. For a better understanding of the processes involved, we advocate for standardized collection of data at N2000 sites.


Efectos de Natura 2000 sobre las Especies No Focales de Aves y Mariposas con Base en Datos de Ciencia Ciudadana Resumen La red Natura 2000 (N2000) de la Unión Europea está entre las redes internacionales más grandes de áreas protegidas. Uno de sus objetivos es asegurar el estado de un conjunto predeterminado de especies de aves y mariposas (focales). Sin embargo, las especies no focales también pueden beneficiarse con la N2000. Evaluamos cómo el componente terrestre de esta red afecta la abundancia de las especies de aves y mariposas no focales más comunes con base en los datos de programas de monitoreo voluntario a largo plazo en 9,602 sitios para aves y en 2,001 sitios para mariposas. En casi la mitad de las 155 especies de aves evaluadas, particularmente entre aquellas especies especialistas en zonas boscosas, la abundancia incrementó (los estimaciones de la pendiente variaron desde 0.101 [DS 0.042] hasta 3.51 [DS 1.30]) conforme incrementó la proporción del paisaje cubierto por sitios de la N2000. Esta relación positiva existió en 27 de las 104 especies de mariposas (con una variación de estimaciones desde 0.382 [DS 0.163] hasta 4.28 [DS 0.768]), aunque la mayoría de las especies de mariposas fueron generalistas. Cuando se consideraron las covarianzas de cobertura de suelo estas relaciones positivas no fueron evidentes para la mayoría de las especies, lo que significa que la cobertura de suelo puede ser una determinante de los efectos positivos de la red N2000. El incremento en la abundancia conforme aumentó la cobertura de la N2000 estuvo correlacionado con el índice de especialización de las aves, pero no el de las mariposas. Aunque la red N2000 sostiene la abundancia alta de un espectro amplio de especies, el bajo número de mariposas especialistas con una asociación positiva a la red N2000 demuestra la necesidad de mejorar la calidad del hábitat de los sitios N2000 que podrían albergar a mariposas especialistas de campo abierto. Para un mejor entendimiento de los procesos involucrados, promovemos una recolección estandarizada de datos en los sitios de la red N2000.


Subject(s)
Butterflies , Animals , Biodiversity , Birds , Citizen Science , Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecosystem
5.
Med Intensiva ; 32(1): 48-53, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18221713

ABSTRACT

The J wave syndrome is characterized by a prominent J wave accompanied by ST-segment elevation in the absence of structural heart disease. It includes the benign early repolarization syndrome, the highly arrhythmogenic Brugada syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Although acute coronary syndromes are one of the leading causes of ST-segment deviation, no clinical reports that specifically describe the modulating effects of an ischemic injury current on the ECG manifestations of the J wave syndrome have been found. This report describes four cases of patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who had J wave (or negative deplacement of the J point) and ST-segment depression in the right precordial leads. Later, these precordial ECG alterations disappeared and were progressively replaced by prominent J (R') waves and anterior ST-segment elevations, suggesting the presence of a J wave syndrome. In conclusion, the J wave syndrome may be obscured by an acute inferior myocardial infarction with concomitant ST-segment depression in the right precordial leads. In such circumstances, early detection of the J wave (or depressed J point) may be used as ECG marker of the early repolarization syndrome or Brugada syndrome.


Subject(s)
Brugada Syndrome/diagnosis , Electrocardiography , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Ventricular Fibrillation/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
6.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 32(1): 48-53, ene. 2008. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058518

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de la onda J está caracterizado por una onda J prominente acompañada de una elevación del segmento ST en ausencia de una enfermedad cardíaca estructural, e incluye el síndrome benigno de la repolarización precoz y los síndromes arritmogénicos de Brugada y de la fibrilación ventricular idiopática. Aunque los síndromes coronarios agudos son una de las principales causas de desviación del segmento ST, no existen casos clínicos que describan específicamente los efectos moduladores de una corriente de lesión isquémica sobre las manifestaciones electrocardiográficas del síndrome de la onda J. Este artículo describe 4 casos de pacientes con un infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación inferior del ST que tuvieron una onda J (o desplazamiento negativo del punto J) y depresión del segmento ST en las derivaciones precordiales derechas. Después, estas alteraciones precordiales del ECG desaparecieron y fueron progresivamente reemplazadas por ondas J (R') prominentes y elevaciones anteriores del segmento ST sugerentes de la presencia de un síndrome de la onda J. En conclusión, el síndrome de la onda J puede estar oculto por un infarto agudo de miocardio inferior con depresión simultánea del segmento ST en las derivaciones precordiales derechas. En estas circunstancias, la detección precoz de una onda J (o depresión del punto J) puede utilizarse como marcador electrocardiográfico del síndrome de Brugada o de la repolarización precoz


The J wave syndrome is characterized by a prominent J wave accompanied by ST-segment elevation in the absence of structural heart disease. It includes the benign early repolarization syndrome, the highly arrhythmogenic Brugada syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Although acute coronary syndromes are one of the leading causes of ST-segment deviation, no clinical reports that specifically describe the modulating effects of an ischemic injury current on the ECG manifestations of the J wave syndrome have been found. This report describes four cases of patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who had J wave (or negative deplacement of the J point) and ST-segment depression in the right precordial leads. Later, these precordial ECG alterations disappeared and were progressively replaced by prominent J (R') waves and anterior ST-segment elevations, suggesting the presence of a J wave syndrome. In conclusion, the J wave syndrome may be obscured by an acute inferior myocardial infarction with concomitant ST-segment depression in the right precordial leads. In such circumstances, early detection of the J wave (or depressed J point) may be used as ECG marker of the early repolarization syndrome or Brugada syndrome


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Ventricular Fibrillation/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrocardiography
8.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 31(9): 521-525, dic. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64477

ABSTRACT

La metformina es una biguanida utilizada en el tratamiento de pacientes adultos obesos afectos de una diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que reduce un 36% la mortalidad cuando se compara con el tratamiento convencional. Su administración tiene determinadas contraindicaciones que limitan su utilización y, cuando se hace caso omiso de ellas, especialmente la insuficiencia renal aguda, la metformina se acumula y aparece una acidosis láctica que puede ser fatal. Se presentan 6 pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda que tuvieron una acidosis metabólica aguda extrema (pH < 6,90 y bicarbonato < 5 mEq/l) e hiato aniónico aumentado mientras recibían tratamiento antidiabético con metformina. El ácido láctico sérico, analizado solamente en los 4 pacientes que sobrevivieron, estuvo elevado. Dos pacientes fallecieron tras presentar una parada cardíaca evitable. En conclusión, la acidosis láctica que aparece durante el tratamiento antidiabético con metformina exige un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento que permitan retirar el fármaco e iniciar rápidamente una hemofiltración continua o hemodiálisis prolongadas con bicarbonato


Metformin is a biguanide used in the treatment of obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; metformin decreases mortality by 36% in comparison to conventional treatment. Metformin administration has certain contraindications that, when ignored, especially in the case of acute renal insufficiency, leads to the accumulation of the drug and consequent lactic acidosis that can be fatal. We present 6 patients with acute renal insufficiency that experienced extreme acute metabolic acidosis (pH < 6.90 and bicarbonate < 5 mEq/l) and increased anion gap while receiving metformin for the treatment of diabetes. Serum lactic acid, only evaluated in the 4 patients that survived, was high. Two patients died after cardiac arrest that could have been avoided. In conclusion, lactic acidosis appearing during metformin treatment for diabetes requires rapid diagnosis and treatment to enable the drug to be withdrawn and prolonged continuous hemofiltration or hemodialysis with bicarbonate to be initiated


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Drug Overdose/complications , Metformin , Acidosis, Lactic/chemically induced , Renal Insufficiency/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Hemofiltration
9.
Med Intensiva ; 31(9): 521-5, 2007 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18039453

ABSTRACT

Metformin is a biguanide used in the treatment of obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; metformin decreases mortality by 36% in comparison to conventional treatment. Metformin administration has certain contraindications that, when ignored, especially in the case of acute renal insufficiency, leads to the accumulation of the drug and consequent lactic acidosis that can be fatal. We present 6 patients with acute renal insufficiency that experienced extreme acute metabolic acidosis (pH <6.90 and bicarbonate <5 mEq/l) and increased anion gap while receiving metformin for the treatment of diabetes. Serum lactic acid, only evaluated in the 4 patients that survived, was high. Two patients died after cardiac arrest that could have been avoided. In conclusion, lactic acidosis appearing during metformin treatment for diabetes requires rapid diagnosis and treatment to enable the drug to be withdrawn and prolonged continuous hemofiltration or hemodialysis with bicarbonate to be initiated.


Subject(s)
Acidosis, Lactic/chemically induced , Acute Kidney Injury/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Metformin/adverse effects , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
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