Microtia Ear Reconstruction with Patient-Specific 3D Models-A Segmentation Protocol.

(1) Background: In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) templates have replaced traditional two-dimensional (2D) templates as visual guides during intra-operative carving of the autogenous cartilage framework in microtia reconstruction. This study aims to introduce a protocol of the fabrication of patient-specific, 3D printed and sterilizable auricular models for autogenous auricular reconstruction. (2) Methods: The patient's unaffected ear was captured with a high-resolution surface 3D scan (Artec Eva) and post-processed in order to obtain a clean surface model (STL format). In the next step, the ear was digitally mirrored, segmented and separated into its component auricle parts for reconstruction. It was disassembled into helix, antihelix, tragus and base and a physical model was 3D printed for each part. Following this segmentation, the cartilage was carved in the operating room, based on the models. (3) Results: This segmentation technique facilitates the modeling and carving of the scaffold, with adequate height, depth, width and thickness. This reduces both the surgical time and the amount of costal cartilage used. (4) Conclusions: This segmentation technique uses surface scanning and 3D printing to produce sterilizable and patient-specific 3D templates.

Ameloblastic fibroma: a report of 4 clinical cases and review of the literature / Fibroma ameloblástico: reporte de 4 casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura

Introduction: Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor that usually presents as a painless swelling in young patients. In this article we performed a literature review and present our experience in the management of fibroblastic ameloblastoma in 4 cases. Material and methods: We performed a review of cases published in the literature in PubMed between 2015 and 2022. Regarding our experience, research in the Anatomical Pathology department was done to find cases of ameloblastic fibroma that had been histologically confirmed. Results: The search rendered 29 results, of which only 9 were selected. All articles were single case reports, and most of them were located in the mandible (77,7 %). Most patients underwent enucleation and curettage, and no recurrence were reported by any of the authors. We found 4 cases operated in our department in the last 15 years. Two lesions were located in the maxilla and 2 in the mandible. In all cases, enucleation and curettage was performed, including extraction of the teeth involved, with a very favorable evolution and no recurrences. Discussion: Management can be conservative, performing enucleation and curettage with a very favorable evolution. Variable rates of recurrence have been described and a malignant variant has been identified, so long-term follow-up must be done. In the literature we found only single case reports, with most of the cases presenting in the mandible and undergoing conservative treatment with favorable results. In our series we did not observe recurrences, with good bone regeneration and receiving subsequent orthodontic treatment. (AU)

Introducción: El fibroma ameloblástico es un tumor odontogénico mixto benigno y poco frecuente que generalmente se presenta como un abombamiento indoloro en pacientes jóvenes. En este artículo realizamos una revisión de la literatura y presentamos nuestra experiencia en el manejo del ameloblastoma fibroblástico en 4 casos. Material y métodos: Realizamos una revisión de los casos publicados en la literatura en Pub-Med entre 2015 y 2022. En cuanto a nuestra experiencia, se realizó una búsqueda en el departamento de Anatomía Patológica de los casos de fibroma ameloblástico confirmados histológicamente. Resultados: La búsqueda arrojó 29 resultados, de los cuales solo 9 fueron seleccionados. Todos los artículos fueron reportes de casos únicos, y la mayoría de ellos se localizaron en la mandíbula (77,7 %). La mayoría de los pacientes se sometieron a enucleación y curetaje, y ninguno de los autores informó de recurrencia. Encontramos 4 casos operados en nuestro departamento en los últimos 15 años. Dos lesiones se localizaron en el maxilar y dos en la mandíbula. En todos los casos se realizó enucleación y curetaje, incluyendo exodoncia de los dientes afectados, con evolución muy favorable y sin recidivas. Discusión: El manejo puede ser conservador, realizándose enucleación y curetaje con una evolución muy favorable. Se han descrito tasas variables de recurrencia y se ha identificado una variante maligna, por lo que se debe realizar un seguimiento a largo plazo. En la literatura encontramos solo informes de casos únicos, la mayoría de los casos se presentaron en la mandíbula y se sometieron a un tratamiento conservador con resultados favorables. En nuestra serie no observamos recidivas, con buena regeneración ósea y recibiendo tratamiento de ortodoncia posterior. (AU)

Do non-target species visit feeders and water troughs targeting small game? A study from farmland Spain using camera-trapping.

Provision of food and water is a widespread tool implemented around the world for the benefit of game and other wildlife, but factors affecting the use of food and water by non-target species are poorly known. We evaluated visits to feeders and water troughs by non-game species using camera-traps in two separate areas of Spain. Feeders and water troughs were either "protected" (when surrounded by more than 50% of shrubs/forest) or "open" (in the opposite case). A total of 18 948 photos from 5344 camera-trapping days depicted animals, and 75 species were identified. Feeders and water troughs were visited by target species (partridges and lagomorphs, 55.3% of visits) and non-target species (44.7% of visits). Among the latter, corvids were the most common (46.1% of visits), followed by rodents (26.8%), other birds (23.6%, mainly passerines), columbids (1.9%), and other species at minor percentages. The highest proportion of visiting days to feeders and water troughs was from corvids (0.173) followed by other-birds (0.109) and rodents (0.083); the lowest proportion was recorded for columbids (0.016). Use intensity and visit frequency of water troughs tripled that recorded in feeders, and visits to open feeders/troughs were approximately twice those to protected ones. In summary: feeders and water troughs targeting small game species are also used regularly by non-target ones; they should be set close to cover to optimize their use by non-target species that are not competitors of target species (though corvids may visit them); water availability should be prioritized where drought periods are expected.

Traqueotomías en pacientes críticos durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Estudio preliminar de nuestra experiencia en el Hospital Universitario La Paz de Madrid / Tracheotomies in critical patients during the COVID-19 pandemia. Preliminary study of our experiences at La Paz University Hospital of Madrid

El brote epidémico causado por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se encuentra plenamente activo en España. Alrededor del 10-15 % de los pacientes ingresados precisan cuidados en unidades de críticos, siendo intubados de forma prolongada y precisando la realización de traqueotomías. Se realiza un estudio observacional de las traqueotomías realizadas por nuestro Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial a pacientes COVID-19 de unidades de cuidados intensivos realizadas entre el 17 de marzo y el 17 de abril de 2020. El estudio analiza aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de los pacientes, el tipo de técnica quirúrgica empleada, el tiempo quirúrgico, el tipo de cánula empleada, las complicaciones postquirúrgicas y el seguimiento clínico de los pacientes. Un total de 22 pacientes fueron sometidos a traquetomía reglada abierta. Fueron dieciocho hombres y cuatro mujeres de edades entre 40 y 77 años (64,9 años de media). En todos los casos la realización de traqueotomía fue como consecuencia del proceso pulmonar por la neumonia bilateral COVID-19. Dos pacientes presentaron un neumotórax en el postoperatorio inmediato como complicación, un paciente falleció durante la realización del procedimiento y otro tras su llegada a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos tras la realización de la traqueotomía. A pesar de que la traqueotomía es una técnica quirúrgica reglada, las características especiales de los pacientes COVID-19 hacen de este procedimiento una situación crítica por la inestabilidad pulmonar y la rápida desaturación del paciente. Todo ello obliga a la realización del procedimiento por facultativos con experiencia para disminuir el tiempo quirúrgico y poder enfrentarse a cualquier eventualidad

The outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently very active in Spain. Many infected people still require to be hospitalized. Around 10-15 % of hospitalized patients require intensive care, where they are intubated for a prolonged period, needing tracheotomies some weeks after the intubation. We will be conducting an observational study of the tracheotomies performed by our oral and maxillofacial Department to COVID-19 patients on intensive care units between March 17th and April 17th, 2020. This study will be analyzing the patients' epidemiological and clinical aspects, surgical technique employed, surgical time, type of cannula used, postoperative complications and the patients' clinical monitoring. A total of 22 patients underwent open elective tracheotomy. There were twenty-two males and three females aged between 40 and 77 (mean: 64,9 years-old). In all cases tracheotomy was carried out due to pulmonary process caused by COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia. Two patients presented pneumothorax in the immediate postoperatory care as a complication, one perished during the procedure and another did so after arriving to the Intensive Care Unit after the tracheotomy surgery. Even though tracheotomy is a ruled surgical technique, the special characteristics of COVID-19 patients make of this procedure a critical situation, mainly due to lung instability and quick desaturation of the patients. This requires the surgery to be carried out by experienced physicians in order to reduce operative time and to be able to react to any eventualities that may arise

[Reconstruction of oral mucosa with a micro-vascularized fascia-cutaneous flap from the forearm]. / Reconstrucción de la mucosa yugal mediante colgajo microvascularizado fasciocutáneo antebraquial.

Epidermoid carcinoma of jugal mucosa is an aggressive tumor. Its treatment is based on broad excision and reconstruction in order to avoid fibrosis and restriction of mouth opening. Neck dissection and radiotherapy are indicated in selected cases. We display our experience with microvascularized flaps with the aim of preventing the flaws. We reconsider 8 patients (representing 10 flaps) handle in our Department. Besides we discuss other therapeutic alternatives after the growth's removal. The conclusion reached is that the mucovascularized forearm flaps give a great quantity of thin tissue and therefore so results to be the best option for the reconstruction of the jugal mucosa.