ABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence, risk factors for acquisition and the clinical characteristics of H. pylori infection in Malagasy children. METHODS: A 2 year prospective study was conducted among 434 children from a rural (group A) and an urban area (group B). H. pylori status was evaluated by an ELISA serological test. Various demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 39.6% and increased significantly from 18.1% for children <1 year old to 61.5% for children >10 years old. It was significantly higher in group B (46.9%) than in group A (26.4%). Using multivariate logistic regression modelling, a significant association was found between H. pylori infection and drinking spring water. Exposure to antibiotics during the previous year had no observable effect on H. pylori. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection among Malagasy children was 39.6%. A significant association between H. pylori infection and drinking spring water was found.
Subject(s)
Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Helicobacter pylori , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Helicobacter Infections/etiology , Humans , Infant , Madagascar/epidemiology , Male , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to ceftazidime was isolated from ten neonates hospitalised between February and March 2006 in two Antananarivo hospitals, Madagascar. The main environmental source, for one hospital in particular, was the liquid used to rinse aspiration tubes in the paediatric wards. The risk of contamination from aspiration tubes is very high in the hospitals of Antananarivo since tap water used to rinse the tubes is not regularly changed. Phenotypical (biotyping and antibiotyping) and genotypical (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) analysis of all the clinical isolates indicated that nine cases were due to a single clone. This clone carried the genes encoding SHV-2 and CTX-M-15 beta-lactamases. This is the first description of an epidemic due to an ESBL-producing member of the family Enterobacteriaceae in Malagasy hospitals.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Equipment and Supplies/microbiology , Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Ceftazidime/pharmacology , Cross Infection/microbiology , DNA Fingerprinting , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/classification , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology , Madagascar , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , beta-Lactam ResistanceSubject(s)
Diphtheria Toxoid , Diphtheria/diagnosis , Asthma/complications , Child, Preschool , Contraindications , Diphtheria/therapy , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Madagascar , Male , Medical ErrorsABSTRACT
Neurocysticercosis is endemic in Madagascar. It is caused by fecal-oral contact and is common in developing countries where hygiene and sanitation are poor. Cerebral involvement is more frequent than spinal involvement. Definitive diagnosis remains difficult and no consensus has been established on optimal workup. The aim of this report describing two cases of cerebral cysticercosis in Madagascar was to assess the utility of various clinical and laboratory findings and to propose a diagnostic algorithm that is compatible with locally available facilities.
