ABSTRACT
Los estudios sobre el efecto de congruencia con el estado de ánimo suelen utilizar muestras clínicas de personas depresivas, utilizan programas de inducción de afecto introspectivos, y miden la memoria con tareas de recuerdo libre. Nosotros pretendemos comprobar esta hipótesis induciendo dos estados de ánimo contrapuestos en 100 participantes sin patología. El objetivo fue estudiar la influencia de los estados de ánimo en el reconocimiento de palabras congruentes con dichos estados de ánimo. Para inducir los estados afectivos, utilizamos la asociación de imágenes y música con la dimensión de tristeza y de alegría. Después aprendieron palabras relacionadas con ambos estados emocionales. Encontramos efectos de interacción entre el tipo de estado afectivo inducido y el reconocimiento de las palabras emocionales, tanto en latencias como en índices de discriminación A'. Sin embargo, encontramos diferencias en el reconocimiento dependiendo del tipo de estado de ánimo. El efecto de congruencia con el estado de ánimo se produce en el procesamiento de palabras de la categoría de tristeza, pero no en las palabras de la categoría de alegría. Éstas tienen latencias más rápidas e índices de discriminación más altos, al margen del estado inducido experimentalmente (AU)
Studies on the mood congruence effect commonly used clinical samples of depressed people use affect induction programs introspective, and measure the memory with free recall tasks. We intend to verify this hypothesis induces two conflicting moods in 100 participants without pathology. The aim was to study the influence of mood on the recognition of words congruent with those moods. To induce affective states, we use the association of images and music with the dimension of sadness and joy. After they learned words related to the two emotional states. We found interaction effects between type of induced emotional state and recognition of emotional words in both latencies as indices of discrimination A '. However, we found differences in the recognition depending on the mood. The mood congruence effect occurs in the processing of words in the category of sadness, but not in the words of the category of joy. These latencies are faster and higher rates of discrimination, regardless of the experimentally induced state (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Memory/physiology , Recognition, Psychology/ethics , Affect/physiology , Emotions/ethics , Expressed Emotion/physiology , Emotions/physiology , Memory/classification , Recognition, Psychology/physiology , Emotions/classificationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tobacco on the voice in a relatively early stage of the cigarette-smoking habit (<10 years). MATERIAL/METHODS: A multi-parameter acoustic analysis tool, the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), was used to obtain a set of 27 parameters from sustained vowel phonations of 134 non-dysphonic young adults (aged 20-29) of both genders, including smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS: Some voice parameters were significantly altered in young smokers when compared with young non-smokers, probably as a consequence of histological changes caused by tobacco. Main differences were observed in Frequency Perturbation parameters (jitter, sPPQ) for both genders, in Fundamental Frequency parameters (Fo, Fhi, Flo) mainly in women, and in tremor parameters (ATRI, FTRI) in men. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was related to the Fundamental Frequency values in women and FTRI in men. A discriminant analysis correctly classified 70-75% of the subjects in each gender group as smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of voice parameters seems to suggest a possible neurological effect of nicotine--or some other chemical component of tobacco--on the voice.
