Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae).

The Neotropical genus Piezonemus Jordan, 1904 (Anthribidae: Anthribinae: Piesocorynini Valentine, 1960) is reviewed. Lectotypes are designated for Piezonemus durus Jordan, 1904 and P. lateralis Jordan, 1904. A new species, Piezonemus espoch Trzna, Caballero-Serrano & Carrasco sp. nov., from Ecuador is described. A key to the now three known species of Piezonemus, and colour photographs of the types, are provided. Distinguishing features of the morphologically similar species of the genera Piezonemus and Piesocorynus Dejean, 1834 are given. A key to world genera of the tribe Piesocorynini is presented. The genus Afrophaenotherion Frieser, 1984 is here transferred from the tribe Stenocerini Kolbe, 1895 to the tribe Piesocorynini (new placement).

Rediscovery and redescription of Oxycheila buestani Wiesner with the first female record and new methodology for observation of Oxycheila Dejean and Oxygonia Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae).

Biodiversity within the family Cicindelidae (Coleoptera) was studied with respect to ecology in two neighbouring localities on the western slopes of the Andes in central Ecuador. Four different methods were used along two neighbouring streams. One of them, a night vision camera, was successfully used for the first time during the night observation of adults of Oxycheila Dejean, 1825 and Oxygonia Mannerheim, 1837 to record their natural behaviour. The following six species of Cicindelidae were observed together: Oxycheila affinis W. Horn, 1900, Oxycheila pearsoni Wiesner, 1999, Oxycheila brzoskai Wiesner, 1999, Oxycheila buestani Wiesner, 1999, Pseudoxycheila chaudoiri Dokhtouroff, 1882 and Oxygonia oberthueri W. Horn, 1896. The female of the rare Oxycheila buestani is described for the first time here, and the complete redescription of this species, including colour photographs of habitus, habitat and diagnostic characters, is presented.

Review of the Neotropical genera Barra Jordan and Brevibarra Jordan, with description of a new species of Barra from Nicaragua, notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, and new records of Brevibarra from Brazil and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Anthribidae).

The Neotropical genera Barra Jordan, 1904, and Brevibarra Jordan, 1906 (Anthribidae: Anthribinae: Piesocorynini Valentine, 1960) are reviewed. A key to obviously similar genera of this tribe, based on mandible shape, is proposed. A new species, Barra baruskae sp. nov., from Nicaragua is described, male genitalia are studied and illustrated. A key to the now three known species of Barra, and colour photographs are provided. New data on the distribution of Brevibarra scotosagis Jordan, 1906 from Brazil and Ecuador, including illustration of genitalia and colour habitus photographs, are provided.

First record of Systelloderes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalidae) from Ecuador with a list of Ecuadorian Enicocephalomorpha.

The genus Systelloderes Blanchard, 1852 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha: Enicocephalidae), has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest species richness being found in humid tropical and subtropical forests, but species are also present in humid microhabitats of temperate and arid zones (Wygodzinsky Schmidt 1991). In the Eastern Hemisphere species of Systelloderes occur in continental Africa (22 species, see Villiers 1969; 1976; Maldonado 1988; Banar 2008); Madagascar (Systelloders milloti Villiers, 1952); New Zealand (see Stys 1970, 2002) and New Caledonia (Systelloders loebli Stys Banar, 2007). Two species (S. capillicornis Bergroth, 1918 from Luzon and S. aetherius Bergroth, 1916 from Queensland) originally described as Systelloderes belong to the genus Henschiella Horváth, 1888 (P. Stys, unpublished data). As is frequently the case with Enicocephalomorpha, many species of Systelloderes remain to be described, especially from the Afrotropical, Neotropical and Oriental Regions. There are 13 described Systelloderes species from North and Central America (Wygodzinsky Schmidt 1991). To date, there are only six described species of Systelloderes from South America: two from Venezuela, and by a single species from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Peru each. There are very few additional records of Systelloderes in the New World tropics, including the works of Wolda (1975) and Ospina-Bautista (2018) on Colombia, Parker et al. (2012) on Peru, and Maestre et al. (2001) from Brazil.

Climate change models predict decreases in the range of a microendemic freshwater fish in Honduras.

Despite their incredible diversity, relatively little work has been done to assess impacts of climate change on tropical freshwater organisms. Chortiheros wesseli is a species of Neotropical cichlid (Cichlidae: Cichlinae) restricted to only a few river drainages in the Caribbean-slope of Honduras. Little is known about this species and few specimens had been collected until recently; however, our work with this species in the wild has led to a better understanding of its ecology and habitat preferences making it an excellent model for how freshwater fishes can be affected by climate change. This study assesses the distribution and habitats of Chortiheros wesseli using a combination of field data and species distribution modeling. Results indicate this species is largely limited to its current range, with no realistic suitable habitat nearby. Empirical habitat data show that this species is limited to narrow and shallow flowing waters with rapids and boulders. This habitat type is highly influenced by precipitation, which contributed the greatest influence on the models of present and future habitat suitability. Although several localities are within boundaries of national protected areas, species distribution models all predict a reduction in the range of this freshwater fish based on climate change scenarios. The likelihood of a reduced range for this species will be intensified by adverse changes to its preferred habitats.

HSP72 is an early biomarker to detect cisplatin and acetaminophen nephrotoxicity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the urinary HSP72 levels (uHSP72) are a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by two widely used drugs: cisplatin and acetaminophen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To analyze the time-course of nephrotoxic injury and uHSP72 levels, male Wistar rats were administered a single high dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) or acetaminophen (750 mg/kg) and were assessed at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. RESULTS: AKI induced by cisplatin was characterized by tubular injury that started at 6 h and was enhanced after 48 h. Plasma creatinine was increased only after 72 h. In contrast, uHSP72 levels were augmented after 6 h and were enhanced after 48 h of cisplatin administration, which was consistent with the tubular injury. In acetaminophen-induced AKI, the tubular lesions were less severe and predominantly characterized by tubular cell detachment. Interestingly, uHSP72 levels were increased after 6 h of acetaminophen injection and remained elevated at the following time points, reflecting the tubular injury, even in the absence of major functional changes. CONCLUSIONS: In two models of renal injury induced by nephrotoxic drugs, we showed that uHSP72 could be used as an early biomarker to detect subtle to severe tubular injury.

Brote institucional de rubéola en la región de Valparaíso: febrero-mayo 2005 / Institutional outbreak of rubella in the Valparaíso Region: february-may 2005

La Rubéola es una enfermedad vírica febril causada por el virus Rubéola, un togavirus del género Rubivirus. Este virus es capaz de producir una erupción maculopapular, puntiforme y difusa que, a veces, se asemeja a la del Sarampión o la Escarlatina. Los niños por lo regular presentan pocos o ningún síntoma general, pero los adultos a veces sufren un pródromo de 1 a 5 días, caracterizado por fiebre leve, cefalalgia, malestar generalizado, coriza mínima y conjuntivitis. La linfadenopatía postauricular, occipital y cervical posterior es el signo más característico y se presenta entre 5 a 10 días antes de la erupción. Hasta la mitad de las infecciones pueden surgir sin erupción manifiesta (casos subclínicos). La leucopenia es común y puede haber trombocitopenia, pero las manifestaciones hemorrágicas son raras. La artralgia y, con menor frecuencia la artritis, complican una proporción importante de las infecciones, particularmente entre las mujeres adultas. La importancia en salud pública radica en que aumenta el riesgo de abortos espontáneos, mortinatos y anomalías congénitas (Síndrome de Rubéola Congénita) cuando se presenta en mujeres embarazadas; afectando al 90 por ciento de los recién nacidos de madres que contrajeron la enfermedad en el primer trimestre del embarazo. El ser humano es el único reservorio y el modo de transmisión es por vía aérea o por contacto directo con las personas infectadas. Puede transmitirse a partir de casos subclínicos. El período de incubación es de 14 a 21 días y el período de transmisibilidad se extiende desde 7 días antes del exantema y hasta 5 a 7 días después. La Rubéola y el SRC están en vías de eliminación en América. En Chile, en 1999 se realizó la Campaña de Vacunación en mujeres de10 a 29 años de edad, intervención que logró disminuir drásticamente la circulación de la Rubéola en el país.