Promoting Inclusive Outdoor Recreation in National Park Governance: A Comparative Perspective from Canada and Spain.

While national parks (NPs) have for a long time made substantial contributions to visitor well-being, many spaces remain out of reach of people with disabilities (PwDs). This is partly due to a lack of policies that take accessibility for broader intersectional audiences into consideration. This paper evaluates governance and legal frameworks in NPs in both Canada and Spain. A decision-making framework based on intersectionality realities is proposed to assess current conditions of environmental good governance using a set of descriptors created to scrutinize laws and technical documents that can promote equitable access to NPs. To validate results derived from the regulatory evaluation, semistructured interviews with park managers were carried out. Results revealed the importance of incorporating equity discourses into policies that regulate NP networks to guarantee that all the intersectional realities for park uses are considered in their management. Furthermore, when a country develops a well-structured federal framework under which the rights of PwDs are ensured, it transcends other fields of law. Differences between the Canadian and the Spanish situation are highlighted, as well as the need for links between higher-level policies and laws and on-the-ground implementation, with NP management plans playing an important role.

Genome Sequences of 408 SARS-CoV-2 Strains Obtained from Nasopharyngeal Swabs in La Araucanía Region, Southern Chile.

Here, we announce the genome sequences of 408 strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs in the Araucanía Region, Southern Chile. The genomes obtained are valuable to expand the availability of useful genomic data for future epidemiological studies of SARS-CoV-2 in Chile and worldwide.

Assessment of barriers for people with disability to enjoy national parks.

There is increasing awareness of the importance of nature-based recreation to human wellbeing. Given its significant benefits, natural-protected area management has not always provided equitable access to all potential users. Limited research till now has been focused on how the outdoor barriers impact the equal enjoyment of people with mobility/motor disabilities (PwMDs) of nature when promoting sustainable nature-based tourism. This study intends to shed light on those aspects which constrain the PwMD's enjoyment of the great outdoors at national parks (NPs). The study was carried out in Canada and Spain through an online survey on amenities needed and accessibility barriers for PwMDs in parks. It was analyzed through log-linear models for cross-frequency tables, which allow us to estimate the associations between questions/variables and, thus, ultimately, obtain insights into how the needs of amenities and accessibility barriers can affect and limit PwMDs' enjoyment of natural parks. The results show a predisposition on the part of participants to enjoy parks more frequently than they usually do, as well as a preference for forests and mountain landscapes. Information and communication technologies are the tools most chosen to prepare for their trip and visit to the park. PwMD finds barriers in NPs as impediments to benefit from nature-based recreation and adding to their wellbeing. NP managers should take into consideration that PwMD's visits to parks are related to the main obstacles they perceive such as slopes and pavement and that they require amenities such as recreation and signposting. They would also like to enjoy parks more often, with footpaths suitable for walkability/wheelability, e.g., compact pavement, low inclines, and adequate signposting. In addition to the physical barriers, managers should also consider intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints to provide outdoor activities in parks focused on PwMDs' needs.

Victim's Perspective of Forgiveness Seeking Behaviors After Transgressions.

Forgiveness seeking after a relational transgression is an important aspect of relational repair from an interpersonal perspective, although it has received much less attention than the process of granting forgiveness. This research focuses on the victim's perspective of the transgressor's behaviors and how they are related to forgiveness and offense characteristics. This paper proposes a multidimensional concept of seeking forgiveness that includes four dimensions: apologies, restorative action, relational caring behaviors, and diverting behaviors. A questionnaire for assessing these dimensions was developed and tested with a general population sample of 450 subjects. Participants recalled a specific offense and then answered a questionnaire about the perceived usefulness of different forgiveness-seeking behaviors, a forgiveness inventory, and several questions regarding the characteristics of the offense (severity, intentionality, and frequency). Our results support the four-factor structure of the questionnaire. As the perceived intentionality of the offense increases, behaviors that are directly related to the transgression, such as apologies and restorative actions, are experienced as less useful for forgiveness. The more hurtful the offense, the less useful the diverting behaviors are. Behavior such as apologies and restorative action are related to a lower (less) motivation for revenge, while all forgiveness-seeking behaviors are related to an increase in feelings of benevolence toward the offender.

Estandarización de los procedimientos de medida de creatinina: estado actual / Standardization of creatinine measurement methods: current status

La implementación de las ecuaciones de estimación del filtrado glomerular (FG) en los informes del laboratorio clínico ha colocado en el punto de mira las limitaciones de la medida de creatinina y promovido la puesta en marcha de un programa internacional para su estandarización. Hemos analizado el estado actual de implementación de dicho programa respecto a la trazabilidad, la conmutabilidad, la imprecisión, el error sistemático, así como la información acerca del tipo de ecuación a utilizar y sobre los valores de referencia, de los reactivos de creatinina más utilizados en los laboratorios españoles. La mayoría de los procedimientos de medida presentan trazabilidad al método de referencia y satisfacen los requerimientos de imprecisión; sin embargo, la información disponible sobre la inexactitud, el error total de medida, la verificación de la conmutabilidad de los materiales de calibración utilizados, la ecuación de FG a utilizar y los valores de referencia en población pediátrica es insuficiente o inexistente en la mayoría de las firmas comerciales evaluadas (AU)

The implementation of equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical laboratory reports has placed the spotlight on the limitations of creatinine measurements and has promoted the establishment of an international program for standardisation. We have analysed the current state of implementation of this program with regard to traceability, commutability, imprecision, systematic error, as well as information on the type of equation to use and reference values, as well as the creatinine reagents commonly used in Spanish laboratories. Most of the measurement procedures have traceability to the reference method, and meet the requirements of imprecision. The available information available on the inaccuracy, the total error of measurement, verification of the commutability of calibration materials used, the glomerular filtration equation to use, and reference values in the paediatric population is unsatisfactory or non-existent in most commercial firms evaluated (AU)

Actividad inhibitoria de glicógeno fosforilasa A de los extractos obtenidos desde las hojas de Ugni molinae Turcz. (murtilla) Myrtaceae: identificación de los principios activos / Inhibitory activity of glycogen phosphorylase A of the extracts obtained from the leaves of Ugni molinae Turcz. (murtilla) Myrtaceae: identification of active ingredients

Murtilla, Ugni molinae Turcz, es un arbusto autóctono que crece en forma silvestre y abundante desde la VII hasta la X región, conocida principalmente por sus frutos comestibles. La medicina popular le atribuye diversas propiedades tales como aromática, astringente, estimulante, alivia dolencias de la vía urinaria, entre otras. Sus hojas son utilizadas por la industria dermocosmética como regeneradora de la piel y neutralizadora del estrés oxidativo. Estudios previos realizados en nuestro laboratorio demostraron que las hojas de esta especie son una rica fuente de triterpenoides pentacíclicos derivados de los núcleos ursano, oleanano y lupano, a los cuales tanto en la literatura como estudios realizados en el laboratorio han establecido que poseen propiedades analgésicas, antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes e hipoglicemiantes. Siendo, esto último de relevancia, pues darían cuenta de propiedades antidiabéticas en las hojas de esta planta. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar e identificar principios activos desde hojas de murtilla y ensayar actividad inhibitoria de diferentes extractos sobre la enzima glicógeno fosforilasa. En el presente trabajo, se utilizaron las hojas de esta especie, las cuales fueron secadas y trituradas para preparar distintos extractos por maceración hasta total agotamiento con solventes de polaridad creciente, obteniéndose los extractos de hexano (HEX), diclorometano (EDCM), acetato de etilo (EAE) y etanol (EET). Este último fue purificado mediante dos técnicas: extracción líquido-líquido y extracción sólido-líquido (Soxhlet) para así obtener una fracción rica en sapogeninas triterpénicas, cuyos productos se denominaron F-AcEt y SAE. Estas fracciones fueron repurificadas mediante sucesivas columnas cromatográficas de sílica gel y Sephadex® LH-20; y finalmente analizadas mediante placas cromatográficas preparativas para aislar una nueva genina denominada U7 y una mezcla de X y U7. U7 fue aislada e identificada como ácido madecásico (ácido 2α, 3ß, 6ß, 23 tetrahidroxi-urs-12(13)-eno-28-oico). En tanto que X aún no ha sido completamente identificada. La caracterización de los compuestos se realizó mediante espectroscopia de masa y espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear unidimensional. El ensayo de inhibición de glicógeno fosforilasa a (GPa) fue realizado midiendo colorimétricamente a 660 nm la liberación del ión fosfato como producto de la reacción enzimática en dirección de la síntesis de glicógeno a partir de glucosa-1-fosfato. Las muestras a evaluar fueron disueltas en DMSO a una concentración de 60 µg/mL. Los resultados demostraron que un extracto estandarizado de Centella asiatica y sólo los extractos EAE, EET y sub-extracto SAE poseen actividad, obteniéndose los siguientes resultados de % inhibición frente a GPa ± SD: 53,8 ± 4,3; 45,9 ± 4,3; 92,2 ± 1,1 y 91,6 ±1,2 respectivamente. La actividad de los extractos evaluados podría ser atribuida a los triterpenoides pentacíclicos presentes en estos extractos bioactivos. En síntesis se contribuyó a ampliar el conocimiento de la composición química de esta especie autóctona y se logró evaluar su efecto sobre GPa, otorgando grandes perspectivas en los estudios químicos-farmacológicos para esta especie nativa.