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1.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 67(2): 1035-1041, 2020 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31733175

ABSTRACT

As an emerging disease, the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus has caused substantial economic losses to the pork industry in Mexico, leading to piglet mortality rates of up to 100%. For detection, sequencing and genetic characterization of the virus, 68 samples of one-week-old piglets from pork farms in 17 states of Mexico were analysed. In total, 53 samples were positive by real-time RT-PCR, confirming the presence of the virus in 15 states. Twenty-eight samples from 10 states were amplified by endpoint RT-PCR, and 20 sequences of the spike gene were obtained. A phylogenetic analysis based on the spike gene demonstrated that all Mexican strains are in Group II and are classified as non-Indel-S emerging variants. Three strains showed amino acid insertions: PEDv/MEX/GTO/LI-DMZC15/2015 and PEDv/MEX/QRO/LI-DMZC45/2016 showed one amino acid insertion (424 Y425 and 447 D448 , respectively), and PEDv/MEX/QRO/LI-DMZC49/2019 showed one and two amino acid insertions (422 C423 and 537 SQ538 ), with the second insertion in the COE region. These results provide evidence of the prevalence of emerging, non-Indel-S strains of the virus are currently circulating in Mexico during 2016-2018, when three of which have amino acid insertions: PEDv/MEX/GTO/IN-DMZC15/2015 and PEDv/MEX/QRO/IN-DMZC45/2016 have one amino acid insertion each (424 Y425 and 447 D448 , respectively), and PEDv/MEX/QRO/IN-DMZC49/2019 has one (422 C423 ) and two amino acid insertions (537 SQ538 ), the latter being in the COE region, which could generate new antigenic variants.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/veterinary , Genetic Variation , Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/genetics , Amino Acid Substitution , Animals , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Farms , Geography , Mexico/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/isolation & purification , Swine
2.
Virusdisease ; 30(3): 433-440, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31803811

ABSTRACT

Influenza A viruses cause respiratory disease in piglets, and maternal immunity plays an important role in protecting against Influenza virus infection. Nevertheless, in the presence of high levels of maternal antibodies against influenza, an adequate immune response is not developed. In this study, the effect of maternal antibodies against the swine influenza A/swine/New Jersey/11/1976/H1N1 virus (swH1N1) on clinical presentation, serological response, and lesions produced in colostrated and non-colostrated pigs was evaluated in pigs infected with the human influenza A/Mexico/La Gloria-3/2009/ H1N1 (pH1N1) and swH1N1 viruses. Our results indicated that between 2 and 4 days post-challenge, sneezing and mild nasal discharge were observed in all pigs. Body temperature in pigs from all treatment groups ranged between 39.2 and 39.3 °C. Pigs inoculated with the pH1N1 virus (421 g) exhibited a significantly lower daily weight gain than those inoculated with the swH1N1 virus (524 g). HI antibody titers against the pH1N1 virus were significantly different between colostrated (1.62) and non-colostrated (0.43) pigs. Significant differences in antibody titers were detected between pigs inoculated with the pH1N1 (1.28) or the swH1N1 virus (0.77) (P < 0.05). The highest percentage of pulmonary lesions was observed in non-colostrated/pH1N1 pigs (11.88%) at 6 days post-challenge. Cross reactivity was observed between the pH1N1 and swH1N1 viruses, as the maternal antibodies against the swH1N1 virus successfully neutralized the pH1N1 virus infection.

3.
Vaccine ; 37(14): 1928-1937, 2019 03 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30824359

ABSTRACT

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) is one of the most important pathogens in pigs around the world. PCV2 is a non-enveloped virus and its capsid is formed by a single protein known as open reading frame 2 (ORF2). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenicity and immunogenicity of genetically-encoded protein nanoparticles (NPs) containing ORF2 from PCV2 fused to the first 110 amino acids of the N-terminus of polyhedrin from the insect virus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (PH(1 -1 1 0)). Our group has previously described that some polyhedrin fragments self-aggregate forming polyhedra-like particles. We identified a self-aggregating signal within the first 110 amino acids from polyhedrin (PH(1 -1 1 0)). Fusing the ORF2 from PCV2 to the carboxyl terminus from PH(1 -1 1 0) results in the formation of NPs which incorporate the antigen of interest. Using this system we synthesized NPs containing PH(1 -1 1 0) fused to ORF2 (PH(1 -1 1 0)PCV2) and purify them to immunize pigs and evaluate the humoral immune response generated by these NPs comparing them to a commercially available vaccine. Pigs immunized with PH(1 -1 1 0)PCV2 NPs produced antibodies against ORF2 from PCV2 as indicated by western blot and ELISA analysis. Antibodies obtained with PH(1 -1 1 0)PCV2 NPs were comparable to those obtained using a commercial PCV2 vaccine. These antibodies neutralized the infection of a recombinant PCV2 expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). These results together suggest that the self-aggregating peptide PH(1 -1 1 0) can be used for the synthesis of subunit vaccines against PCV2.


Subject(s)
Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus/genetics , Circovirus/immunology , Nanoparticles , Open Reading Frames/immunology , Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome/prevention & control , Viral Vaccines/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Cell Line , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Immunization , Male , Open Reading Frames/genetics , Swine , Vaccines, Subunit , Viral Vaccines/chemistry , Viral Vaccines/genetics
4.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses ; 7(5): 827-32, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23210521

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In the present study, we analyzed the presence of antibodies to four different influenza viruses (pH1N1, hH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2) in the sera of 2094 backyard pigs from Mexico City. The sera were obtained between 2000 and 2009. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the 2000-2009 period to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against pH1N1, hH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2 viruses in sera obtained from backyard pigs in Mexico City. METHODS: Antibody detection was conducted with hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) using four influenza viruses. We used linear regression to analyze the tendency of antibody serum titers throughout the aforementioned span. RESULTS: We observed that the antibody titers for the pH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2 viruses tended to diminish over the study period, whereas the antibodies to hH1N1 remained at low prevalence for the duration of the years analyzed in this study. A non-significant correlation (P > 0.05) between antibody titers for pH1N1 and swH1N1 viruses was observed (0.04). It contrasts with the significance of the correlation (0.43) observed between the swH1N1 and swH3N2 viruses (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed no cross-antigenicity in the antibody response against the same subtype. Antibodies against pH1N1 virus were observed throughout the 10-year study span, implying that annual strains shared some common features with the pH1N1 virus since 2000, which would then be capable of supporting the ongoing presence of these antibodies.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary , Swine Diseases/immunology , Animals , Female , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Male , Mexico , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Retrospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Swine/immunology , Swine Diseases/virology
5.
Vet. Méx ; 41(1): 45-58, ene.-mar. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632932

ABSTRACT

Due to the lack of a rapid, sensitive and specific test to detect the presence of the porcine influenza virus that offers advantages in field conditions, it is necessary to try different options to obtain a rapid and reliable diagnosis. To do so, samples of nasal mucus, obtained with sterile swabs, were taken from 100 pigs with signs of the presence of such virus. These samples were used to compare two different methods for the detection of the porcine influenza virus. The first one was a commercial test, which is based on a rapid immunochromatography designed to detect the influenza virus type A in poultry. The second method consisted in the viral isolation in cell culture, using MDCK cells sensitized with trypsin; this method, already described in former processes, was compared with the first method, using nasal mucus samples from possible infected pigs with the influenza virus. The results showed that in the immunochromatography test, ten samples were positive, while only eight in the cell culture. Therefore, the immunochromatography was 100% sensitive to detect the influenza virus. The development of this work is important because it offers options in the porcine influenza diagnosis in field conditions, using the rapid immunochromatography test, which suggests that the results must be confirmed in the diagnostic laboratory through viral isolation.


Debido a la falta de una prueba rápida, sensible y específica para detectar la presencia del virus de influenza porcina, que ofrezca la ventaja de utilizar aquélla en condiciones de campo, es necesario probar diferentes opciones para obtener un diagnóstico rápido y confiable. Para ello se utilizaron 100 cerdos con signos de dicho virus; de cada uno de ellos se tomaron muestras de moco nasal obtenidas con hisopos estériles y se compararon dos métodos diferentes para la detección del virus de influenza porcina. El primero de ellos fue una prueba comercial, que está basada en una inmunocromatografía rápida diseñada para detectar virus de influenza tipo A en aves. El segundo método fue el aislamiento viral en cultivo celular en células MDCK sensibilizadas con tripsina; este método, ya descrito en otros trabajos, se comparó con el primer método a partir de muestras de moco nasal de cerdos sospechosos de estar infectados con el virus. Los resultados mostraron que en la prueba de inmunocromatografía, diez muestras fueron positivas y ocho en cultivo celular; la prueba de inmunocromatografía fue 100% sensible para detectar el virus de influenza. El desarrollo de este trabajo es importante, ya que ofrece opciones para el diagnóstico de influenza porcina en campo con el uso de la prueba rápida de inmunocromatografía y sugiere que los resultados deberán confirmarse en el laboratorio de diagnóstico mediante el aislamiento viral.

6.
Vet. Méx ; 28(2): 147-55, abr.-jun. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227538

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue controlar y erradicar la enfermedad de Aujeszky (EA) en un sistema múltiple de tres sitios de producción por medio de la vacunación del hato reproductor contra la EA,, la segregación de la descendencia y hacer una valoraicón lineal epidemiológica de los tres sitios de producción mediante el uso de animales centinelas libres de la EA. La seropositividad en los tres sitios fue del 93.67 por ciento de las muestras totales tomadas (1389) en todo el sistema por la prueba de seroneutralización SN y ELISA competitiva g1. Para la erradicación de la EA se vacunó a las hembras con una vacuna con deleción g1+, siendo revacuadas a los 21 días y cada 3 meses durante el primer año posterior al brote al igual que a todo el hato, durante el segundo año se vacunó al pie de cría cada 4 meses. Por otra parte, durante el brote los lechones fueron destetados a los 21 días y llevados a otras instalaciones fuera del sistema y cuando los signos clínicos desaparecieron, los lechones fueron destetados a los 18 días y segregados al sitio 2. En la mayoría de los muestreos serológicos se obtuvo 0 por ciento de seropositividad, excepto en uno de éstos. En este sentido se tiene que los métodos aplicados en el sitio 1 (vacunación, medicación, cerrar la entrada de animales al sitio por un tiempo y la segregación de la descendencia) fueron efectivos para controlar y erradicar la enfermedad de Aujeszky en el sistema, ya que desde que se inició el programa no se presentó un solo caso de la enfermedad en los sitios 2 y 3 del sistema, como tampoco se observaron signos clínicos de la EA en el sitio 1


Subject(s)
Animals , Pseudorabies/immunology , Pseudorabies/prevention & control , Pseudorabies/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/immunology , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Swine Diseases/virology , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Serologic Tests
8.
Vet. Méx ; 27(1): 17-21, ene.-mar. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-208028

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un muestreo en el rastro de Ferrería ubicado al poniente de la zona metropolitana. A ese lugar llegan animales con un peso de 100 a 105 kilogramos que proceden de los estados de Jalisco, Michoacán, Sonora y Guanajuato, con el fin de que se les explore en busca de anticuerpos contra el virus de la influenza porcina (IP). Se acudió al rastro una vez a la semana, durante dos meses, y se colectó un total de 948 sueros; estos últimos se trabajaron con la técnica de microtitulación de la inhibición de la hemaglutinación (IHA). Se consideró positivos los sueros cuyos títulos fueran mayor o igual a 1:80. Los resultados obtenidos se expresaron en porcentajes de animales positivos y negativos, encontrándose anticuerpos en 601 cerdos (63.40 por ciento) con títulos mayores de 1:10, el resto (347) no presentó anticuerpos. De esta manera 20.25 por ciento presentaron títulos mayores de 1:80 (positivos) contra 70.75 por ciento de títulos menores (negativo)


Subject(s)
Animals , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Swine/parasitology , Swine Diseases/parasitology , Abattoirs , Hemagglutination/physiology , Serotyping/veterinary
9.
Vet. Méx ; 26(3): 231-5, jul.-sept. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173897

ABSTRACT

Se utilizaron un total de 22 ratas (cepa Wistar) de las cuales 2 animales fueron testigo y 20 ratas fueron inoculadas con 1 ml del paramixovirus del ojo azul (POA) con un título de 10 5.55 DICC/ml, por vía intramuscular. El día 0 se tomaron muestras sangúineas por vía intracardiaca de 2 animales testigos, los cuales se sacrificaron posteriormente. Los días 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 posinoculación (PI) se tomaron muestras de sangre para la detección serológica de anticuerpos contra POA, utilizando la técnica de inhibición de la hemaglutinación (IHA), seroneutralización (SN), para realizar biometrías hemáticas (BH) y la obtención de la capa flogística para aislamiento viral. Además se obtuvieron muestras de órganos (encéfalo, pulmón y tonsila) para intentar el aislamiento en tres líneas celulares (MDBK, PK-15, BT) e inmunofluorescencia en cultivo celular (IFCC); de estas mismas muestras se hicieron estudios histopatológicos (HP). Se recolectaron heces y orina durante los 35 días, para el aislamiento e IFCC. En los resultados de las pruebas serológicas se detectaron anticuerpos a partir del décimo día PI, con títulos de 1:4 hasta 1:256 para SN y de 1:8 hasta 1:64 para IHA. En el aislamiento viral de órganos, capas flogísticas, heces y orina se pudo aislar el virus durante todo el periodo de experimentación en las tres líneas celulares, coincidiendo estos resultados con las IFCC; las BH mostraron variación en los valores de neutrófilos, linfocitos y monocitos. No hubo presencia de lesiones significativas tanto macro como microscópicas


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Respirovirus Infections/chemically induced , Respirovirus Infections/veterinary , Cells, Cultured/cytology , Rats, Wistar/immunology , Respirovirus/pathogenicity , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/veterinary , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests/veterinary
10.
Vet. Méx ; 23(1): 37-9, ene.-mar. 1992. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-118345

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad del ojo azul se caracteriza por producir: a) encefalitis, opacidad de la córnea y mortalidad alta en camadas afectadas, b) neumonía en cerdos en crecimiento y c) falla reproductiva en cerdas gestantes. Es ocasionada por un paramixovirus, detectado por vez primera en La Piedad, Michoacán, en 1980. Seis años más tarde, la enfermedad se diagnosticó en los estados de Querétaro, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Jalisco, Hidalgo, Tlaxcala y el Distrito Federal. Se realizó un muestreo serológico, durante 1989 y 1990; en éste se encontraron anticuerpos inhibidores de la hemoaglutinación específica para el paramixovirus del ojo azul en ocho estados, diferentes a los que previamente se había diagnosticado la enfermedad (Campeche, Colima, México, Morelos, Puebla, Veracruz, Quintana Roo y Sonora). Aún no hay un programa oficial para controlar o erradicar esta enfermedad; por ello, sería oportuno comenzar a controlar y evitar una mayor propagación en la República Mexicana.


Subject(s)
Animals , Respirovirus Infections/epidemiology , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Paramyxoviridae , Encephalitis , Mexico/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral , Corneal Opacity
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