ABSTRACT
Antecedentes: los carcinomas de cabeza y cuello son relativamente frecuentes, presentan diversos tipos histológicos y características clínicas, mismas que se asocian con una variedad de riesgos de mortalidad. Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo fue examinar en un periodo de cinco años carcinomas de cabeza y cuello tratados en el Centro Estatal de Cancerología. Material y métodos: Este estudio se realizó de manera retrospectiva, se revisaron factores de riesgo y tratamientos, se hicieron análisis univariados y multivariados para evaluar factores pronóstico y supervivencia. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 32 expedientes que cumplían con las características del estudio, el periodo de seguimiento fue de 2 a 32 meses. La variante histológica predominante fue carcinoma epidermoide, el tratamiento primario más común fue cirugía. Conclusiones: La supervivencia en los carcinomas de cabeza y cuello disminuye en pacientes en etapas clínicas avanzadas, edad e historia de tabaquismo y/o alcoholismo, la mayoría de ellos muere por progresión de enfermedad y metástasis.
Introduction: carcinomas of the head and neck are relatively common.They include diff erent histological types and present a rangeof clinical characteristics, and are associated with diverse risks of mortality. Objective: To perform a casuistic review of cases of head andneck carcinomas over a period of fi ve years at a State Cancer Center.Material and method: A retrospective study was conducted, in whichrisk factors and treatments were analyzed. Univariate and multivariatestatistical analyses were performed for the purpose of evaluatingprognostic and survival factors. Results: A total of 32 fi les were foundto meet the criteria required by the study. Patient follow-up ranged from2 to 32 months. The predominant histological variant identifi ed wasthe squamous cell carcinoma, while the most common primary treatment was surgery. Conclusions: This study shows that survival fromhead and neck carcinomas decreases in patients who are in advancedclinical stages, particularly those of a certain age with a history ofsmoking and/or alcohol use, most of whom die from the progression and metastasis of the disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications , Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality , Survival Analysis , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Multivariate Analysis , Age and Sex Distribution , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Mexico , Head and Neck Neoplasms/classification , Oral Surgical Procedures/methods , PrognosisABSTRACT
Antecedentes: la diabetes mellitus es considerada un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo Este padecimiento afecta órganos y sistemas, incluyendo la cavidad oral; sin embargo, hay pocos informes en la literatura de los efectos de la diabetes mellitus en la cavidad bucal en la población del estado de Durango. Objetivo: El objetivode este estudio fue determinar la asociación de diversas enfermedadesorales, el índice de masa corporal, así como el nivel de glucosa en sangre en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles para identifi car la prevalencia de las enfermedades orales en individuos con y sin diabetes mellitus.Los sujetos con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 o 2 se definieron como casos y aquellos con otras enfermedades fueron defi nidos como controles. El índice de masa corporal y la concentración de glucosa en sangre fueron evaluados en todos los sujetos. El análisis estadístico incluyólas pruebas chi cuadrada y promedio y desviación estándar de los datos. esultados: Se evaluaron 312 personas, 38 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1, 79 con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y 195 sin diabetes mellitus. Diferencias signifi cativas fueron encontradas en individuos con DM2, que mostraron una mayor frecuencia de periodontitis, así como diferencias significativas entre este tipo de diabetes y niveles elevadosde glucosa en sangre...
Background: Diabetes mellitus is considered a public health problem worldwide and one that affects organs and systems alike, including the oral cavity. However, there are few reports in the literature on the effects of diabetes mellitus on the oral cavity of the population in the north of Mexico. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the link between various oral diseases, body mass index, and blood glucose level in patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods:A case-control study was conducted to identify the prevalence of oral diseases in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were defi ned as cases and patients with other diseases were defi ned as controls. The body mass index and blood glucose concentration of all subjects were measured. Statistical analysis included chi-squared tests, and the average and standard deviation of the data. Results: 312 subjects were assessed: 38 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 79 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 195 without diabetes mellitus. Signifi cant differences were found in DM2 patients, who were more likely to exhibit periodontitis and high blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the presence of obesity and hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes was found to be a risk factor for de-veloping periodontitis...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , /epidemiology , Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Hyperglycemia/diagnosis , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Age and Sex Distribution , Case-Control Studies , Hypertension/diagnosis , Mexico , Obesity/diagnosisABSTRACT
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare odontogenic tumour that combines the histological features of ameloblastoma with cytological atypia. Until 2005, the incidence of ameloblastic carcinoma was unknown, and since then, fewer than 60 cases have been reported. These tumours may originate from pre-existing tumours or cysts, or they arise de novo from the activation or transformation of embryological cells. PITX2 is a transcription factor that is a product and regulator of the WNT cell signalling pathway, which has been involved in development of several tumours. To analyse whether PITX2 could be involved in the biological behaviour of ameloblastic carcinoma, we analysed the expression of this transcription factor in a sample of this tumour and nine benign ameloblastomas to compare. The results of Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses were positive, and considering the hundreds of genes that PITX2 regulates, we believe that its expression could be intimately linked to the behaviour of ameloblastic carcinoma and possibly other odontogenic lesions.
Subject(s)
Ameloblastoma/metabolism , Carcinoma/metabolism , Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism , Jaw Neoplasms/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Ameloblastoma/pathology , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma/pathology , Humans , Jaw Neoplasms/pathology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Signal Transduction , Homeobox Protein PITX2ABSTRACT
Cell proliferation assays are performed using antibodies against nuclear proteins associated with DNA replication. These nuclear proteins have gained special interest to predict the biological and clinical behaviors of various tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of Ki-67 protein and the minichromosome maintenance-2 (MCM2) and maintenance-3 (MCM3) proteins in ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods. Cell proliferation marker expression levels were assessed via immunohistochemistry in 111 ameloblastoma cases (72 unicystic ameloblastoma samples, 38 solid/multicystic ameloblastoma samples, and 1 ameloblastic carcinoma). The label index was performed as described previously. Results. MCM2 and MCM3 showed higher proliferation indexes in all variants of ameloblastoma compared to the classic marker Ki-67. No correlation between the proliferation index and the clinical and protein expression data was observed. Conclusion. The results suggest that clinical features do not directly affect tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, the high levels of cellular proliferation of MCM2 and MCM3 compared with Ki-67 may indicate that MCM2 and MCM3 are more sensitive markers for predicting the growth rate and eventually might be helpful as a tool for predicting aggressive and recurrent behaviors in these tumors.
Subject(s)
Ameloblastoma/metabolism , Carcinoma/metabolism , Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2/metabolism , Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 3/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Ameloblastoma/pathology , Carcinoma/pathology , Cell Proliferation , Child , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma (AFD) is considered a mixed odontogenic tumor that is characterized by conserved epithelial and ectomesenchymal neoplastic components. AFD is composed of long narrow cords and islands of odontogenic epithelium; the epithelial strands lie in a myxoid cell-rich ectomesenchymal tissue with stellate-shaped fibroblasts that exhibit long slender cytoplasmic extensions that resemble dental papilla. The lesions show the presence of dysplastic dentin. Although AFD is a rare entity and its very existence is not completely accepted, based on the extent of histodifferentiation, it is considered to represent a stage between ameloblastic fibroma and ameloblastic fibroodontoma. This study aimed to provide a histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of this infrequent tumor. A large panel of antibodies including amelogenin, Ck 19, calretinin, syndecan-1, E-cadherin, MSH2, histone H3, and Ki-67 was used to illustrate the nature of the tumor.
ABSTRACT
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy, and has an excellent prognosis, even with cervical lymph node metastasis; however, histological variants are considered relevant, which may be associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and tumor aggressiveness. Histological features, such as vascular and/or lymphatic invasion, angiogenesis, multifocality, high cellular proliferation rate, neoplastic cell dissemination, and the histological varieties, are indicative of poor prognosis, together with associated clinical factors: age, sex, and tumor size.
